k Chapter 6 Review Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is an autotroph? A. lizard B. cactus C. shark D. deer 2. In heterotrophs energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of A. water molecules B. organic compounds C. oxygen molecules D. inorganic compounds 3. During photosynthesis A. animals use the energy of sunlight to convert starch in plants into food B. animals use the oxygen released by plants to produce carbon dioxide C. plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen D. plants use the energy of sunlight to convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water 4. The equation below represents an important biological process. This process is carried out within a cell's carbon dioxide + water ~".~.~. glucose + oxygen (+ water) A. mitochondria B. cell membranes C. ribosomes D. chloroplasts 5. The source of energy for photosynthesis is A. oxygen B. sunlight C. carbon dioxide D. glucose 6. To occur photosynthesis requires the presence of the green substance A. tree sap B. glucose C. chlorophyll D. copper 7. The approximate mass of a field of corn plants at the end of its growth period was 3 tons per hectare. Most of this mass was produced from A. water and organic compounds absorbed from the soil B. minerals and organic materials absorbed from the soil C. minerals from the soil and oxygen from the air D. water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air 8. The diagram below represents part of the life process that occurs inside a leaf chloroplast. If the process were to be interrupted by a chemical at point X there would be an immediate effect on the release of which substance? 'Gas A. chlorophyll B. carbon dioxide C. nitrogen D. oxygen 9. Look at the chart below to answer this question. Which phrase would you choose to fill in the missing title? A. Some living factors in the environment B. The chemical process of photosynthesis C. Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis D. The nonliving things that make up a plant 82 Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test
10. The food produced by plants during photosynthesis is used A. by the plants themselves only B. by animals that eat them only C. by both the plants and the animals that eat them D. up at the end of the reaction 11. If stored energy were to be released too quickly a cell would A. release too much heat B. produce ATP molecules C. become an autotroph D. become a heterotroph 12. How do animals and plants interact in terms of the two gases involved in photosynthesis? A. Animals take in the CO 2 released by plants and release O 2 to the plants. B. Animals take in the O 2 released by plants and release CO 2 to the plants. C. Plants and animals usually compete for the same O 2 available in the air. D. Plants and animals usually compete for the same CO 2 available in the air. Answer question 13 based on the following information and graph. <Il N i:i5 c.s co :; Q. oo OJ c Ow co <Il U C '/ v V ~... ""... - V /~ '" ~ rt;./"'" ~ - / V \ V V V.. / I ;:~-..-.-... Species A Species B -. la -1-1 Increasing '. '. Water Depth ". - Species C SpeciesD The previous graph illustrates the population size of four different species at different water depths. 13. Which species most likely performs photosynthesis? A. species A C. species C B. species B D. species D 14. Cellular respiration occurs in A. autotrophs only B. heterotrophs only C. autotrophs and heterotrophs D. humans that do aerobics only 15. Eating a sweet potato provides energy for human metabolic processes. The original source of this energy was in the A. protein molecules stored within the potato B. sun's light captured during photosynthesis C. starch molecules absorbed by the potato plant D. vitamins and minerals absorbed from the soil 16. Plant leaves contain openings that are opened and closed by guard cells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf and the outside air. Which phrase best describes the net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis into and out of the leaves on a sunny day? A. carbon dioxide moves in oxygen moves out B. oxygen moves in nitrogen moves out C. carbon dioxide and oxygen move in ozone moves out D. water and ozone move in carbon dioxide moves out 17. Refer to the following diagrams (A and B) to answer this question. The energy change in diagram B is different from the energy change in diagram A because in diagram B. ~.o\.1 Object ~ burning As the depth of the ocean increases the amount of light that penetrates to that depth decreases. At about 200 meters there is almost no light present. A Chapter 6/Photosynthesis and Respiration 83
;".' photosynthesis to occur. Your answer should include the following factors: (a) light; (b) water; and (C) gases. Refer to the chemical equation below to answer questions 24 and 25. LIGHT ENERGY B A. the energy is released suddenly in one big step B. the energy is released in a series of small steps C. there is less stored energy at the beginning D. there is less stored energy remaining at the end 18. In animals the process known as breathing refers to the actual A. exchange of O 2 and CO 2 gases at the respiratory surface B. movement of oxygen-carrying blood through the body C. physical pumping of the air into and out of the body D. energy-releasing chemical reactions that occur in cells 19. An animal's respiratory surface must be all of the following except A. extremely thin B. moist at all times C. tough and muscular D. near an oxygen source 20. The transport system must be closely connected to the respiratory system so that it can A. break down gases absorbed in the lungs B. move gases into and out of the chest C. absorb gases inhaled through the nose D. deliver O 2 and CO 2 to and from the cells Analysis and Open Ended 21. Explain why plants are defined as autotrophs and why animals are defined as heterotrophs. 22. Why might the process of photosynthesis be considered a "bridge" between the living and nonliving parts of the world? 23. Briefly describe three ways in which the structures of a leaf enable the process of CHLOROPHYLL 24. What important life process is described by this equation? What are the two products of this reaction? 25. Explain why "cellular respiration is basically the opposite" of the process shown in the equation. What are the two (waste) products of cellular respiration? Base your answers to questions 26 to 28 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. System that pumps air from the ~ ~ atmosphere within the space station and distributes the air 1 within the water in the tank C5C5C50 0- t~~~! on I I \ \ I I \ \ I I \ \ some off) Open tank Water containing algae The diagram represents a system in a space station that includes a tank containing algae. An astronaut from a spaceship boards the space station. 26. Identify one process that is being controlled in the setup shown in the diagram. 27. State two changes in the chemical composition of the space station atmosphere that would result from the astronaut boarding the station. 28. State two changes in the chemical composition of the space station atmosphere that would result from turning on more lights in the algae setup. 84 Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test
Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the information and diagram below. The diagram represents a single-celled organism known as Euglena. This organism is able to carry out both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 29. Choose one of the two processes that Euglena carries out. Write down the word for it; then use words or chemical symbols to summarize the reaction for the process you chose. 30. State one reason why the process you chose is essential for the survival of the Euglena. Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the following word equations of two biological processes and on your knowledge of biology. Photosynthesis: ENZYMES carbon dioxide + water ---...glucose + oxygen (+ water) Respiration: ENZYMES glucose + oxygen ---f> carbon dioxide + water 31. State one reason why each of the processes shown is important for living things. 32. Choose one of the two processes shown and identify the following: (a) the source of the energy in the process you chose; and (b) where the energy ends up at the end of that process. 33. Briefly explain the difference between the processes of "breathing" and "respiration." 34. Refer to the diagram below to explain the process of breathing. Your answer should include the following: Lung B.Exhaling what happens to the rib cage during inhalation and exhalation what happens to the diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation how these movements affect the size (volume) of the chest cavity how these movements affect the air pressure within the lungs 35. Describe the four characteristics required by an animal's respiratory surface. Reading Comprehension Base your answers to questions 36 to 38 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Use one or more complete sentences to answer each question. We walk on land. Even the very name Earth is used to mean land. But lookata world map and you win see alot of blue space. In fact more than70 percent-of Earth's surface is covered by water mostly oceans. Unseen in these waters=drifting along with waves and currents->- are countless numbers of tiny organisms. Photo.. synthetic bacteria protists and plants are included in these drifters.someoftk unicellular species are so small that if 12 million cells were lined up in a row Jheliti would be only about 1 centimeter long. In some places in the oceans thesemicro... scopic organisms are so numerous that a cup of seawater may hold 24 million individuals of a single species and that cup would contain other species as well! Chapter 6/Photosynthesis and Respiration 85
These. life-forms are very small but their importance to the overall life on the planet is huge. Tiny sea-dwelling organisms are the beginning food source for almost all living things in the oceans; and the oxygen they release into the atmosphere is necessary for other organisms' cellular respiration. It is easy for us land dwellers to understand that many animals eat plants to get food. We have seen cattle a11dsheep grazing on grasses in a pasture. The drifting cells in the ocean could be called the grass fields orpastures of the sea. Just like grass on land the sea drifters capture energy. from the sun and convert inorganic CO 2 and water into organic molecules whichbecome important foods for other organisms. On land plants bloom with wild displays of colorful flowers in spring. The photosynthetic drifters in the pastures of the seas are said to "bloom" in the spring too as the water warms and nutrients from.ocean depths are brought to the surface by currents. A great deal has been learned recently about the seasonal explosive growth of these photosynthetic cells in the ocean from photographs taken by orbiting satellites.. 36. Explain why the drifting cells in the ocean can be called the grass fields or pastures of the sea. 37. Describe three ways in which the microscopic drifting cells in the ocean are similar to plants on land. 38. How has modern technology improved our ability to study life in the ocean? 86 Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test