Cellular Respiration Anaerobic vs Aerobic
What is Cellular Respiration? Process where organisms use GLUCOSE (sugar) to create ENERGY! The energy that is released from chemical bonds during Cellular Respiration is stored in molecules of ATP (adenosine TRIphosphate).
What organisms undergo cellular respiration? Both Heterotrophs and Autotrophs undergo Cellular Respiration because they both have MITOCHONDRIA in their cells! HETEROTROPHS AUTOTROPHS
What is ATP (Energy) used for in the body? ATP releases energy for metabolic processes in the cell Examples: Active transport of molecules across the cell membrane Protein synthesis Muscle contractions
Cellular Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY! Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY (ATP)! + + +
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a process that is usually AEROBIC. This means the reaction REQUIRES oxygen. There are some steps to the process that are ANAEROBIC. This means NO oxygen is needed.
Where does Cellular Respiration occur? Cellular Respiration happens in the MITOCHONDRIA of eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell because it s job is to turn glucose and oxygen into ENERGY! Mitochondria
The Mitochondria Mitochondria have a double membrane The outer membrane is smooth The inner membrane is called the cristae which allows for more surface area for chemical reactions to occur. The center of the mitochondria is called the matrix. Mitochondria have their own DNA
3 Steps of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis (anaerobic) 2. Krebs Cycle (aerobic) 3. Electron Transport Chain
1. Glycolysis Occurs in cytoplasm (fluid that fills the inside of the cell). Anaerobic - doesn t require oxygen Splits a molecule of glucose Glycolysis makes 2 ATP molecules
What happens after Glycolysis? Anaerobic Respiration
2. Krebs Cycle (Aerobic Pathway) Makes 2 ATP
3. Electron Transport Chain A series of proteins located in the mitochondrial membrane Uses products from the Krebs Cycle to move protons across a concentration gradient to form ATP. Oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor at the end of the Electron Transport Chain. Oxygen receives electrons and H+ and produces a molecule of water Makes 34 ATP molecules
Overview of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis = 2 ATP 2. Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP 3. Electron Transport Chain = 34 ATP TOTAL = 38 ATP
Anaerobic Pathways (Fermentation) - NO Oxygen What happens after glycolysis when oxygen is NOT present?
Fermentation Breathing provides enough oxygen for your body to carry out normal activities When you are conducting high levels of activity, breathing doesn t supply enough air for your cell s activities.
Fermentation If oxygen is not present, the products of glycolysis will enter fermentation. Fermentation provides enough energy (ATP) so glycolysis can continue until more oxygen becomes available. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
2 Types of Fermentation 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2. Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in muscle cells in the body Lactic acid is a waste product of fermentation that builds up in your muscles during exercise This is why your muscles feel sore or burn during exercise Can also occur in some bacteria and molds Cheese and yogurt are products of lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast. It causes bread dough to rise and is used to make beers and wines
Analysis Questions 1. What is the equation for cellular respiration? 2. How do we get the reactants (starting material) of cellular respiration? 3. What are the waste products of cellular respiration? 4. What is the purpose of cellular respiration? 5. What factor determines the pathway of respiration after glycolysis? 6. What is the benefit of fermentation (anaerobic respiration)? 7. Why is cellular respiration important to us? What would happen if we couldn t do cellular respiration?