What type of solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature? Saturated Solution
What type of solution that contains less solute than it is able to hold at a given temperature? Unsaturated Solution
What type of solution that contains more solute than it can hold at a given temperature? Supersaturated Solution
What is the term for a solution in which water is the solvent? Aqueous
What is the general rule for solubility? Like dissolves like
If a crystal is added to an aqueous solution and it causes many crystals to come out of the solution, what type of solution was it originally? Supersaturated
What term describes two liquids that can be mixed together but separate shortly after you cease mixing them? Immiscible
What term describes two liquids that are soluble in each other? Miscible
What is the substance that is dissolved in a solution? Solute
What is the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution? Solvent
Does increasing temperature generally increase the solubility of a solid solute in a solvent? Yes, higher temps dissolve solids quicker
What is the effect on the rate of solution if the surface area of a solid is increased? More surface area = more solubility (EX Crushing, Cutting dissolves quicker)
When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, what factor will increase the rate of solution? More pressure (Soda with lid) Lower Temperature (colder = more gas dissolved)
Which factors listed below will speed up the dissolving of a solid solute in water? I. Cool the solution II. Heat the solution III. Grind up the solute IV. Decrease the surface area of the solute
A chemist is having some difficulty getting a yellow crystalline solid compound to dissolve in water. Which of the following strategies might she employ to increase the solubility of the solid? I. Crush the solid into a fine powder II. Heat the solution III. Stir the solution vigorously IV. Add ice to the solution
What are the products of a neutralization reaction between a strong acid and a strong base? Water and a salt
What type of acids and bases produce only a few ions in solution? Weak acids and bases
What type of solution contains more hydrogen ions than it does hydroxide ions? Acids/ acidic solution
What type of solution contains more hydroxide ions than it does hydrogen ions? base/ basic solution
What type of acid is nitric acid since it completely ionizes in solution? Strong acid
What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 17.0 g of lithium iodide (LiI) in enough water to make 500 ml of solution? M = mol/l 17.0g LiI X 1 mol LiI 133.8g 500 ml = 0.500 L solution = 0.127 mol LiI M = 0.127mol/0.500 L = 0.25mol/L
Calculate the molarity of a water solution of CaCl 2, given that 5.04 L of the solution contains 612 g of CaCl 2. M = moles/liter 612 grams CaCl 2 X 1 mol CaCl 2 110.98 g CaCl 2 = 5.51 mol CaCl 2 M = 5.51 mol/ 5.04 L M = 1.09 mol/l
What would slow down the rate of a chemical reaction? Add an inhibitor Cooling Remove a catalyst
Which of the following will increase the reaction rate I. decrease in temperature II. increase concentration of the reactants III. increase surface area of the reactants IV. add an inhibitor
How does a catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction? It provides an alternative way for the reaction to have a lower activation energy
If 2.50 moles of potassium chlorate are used, how many moles of water would be produced? 8 KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 8 KCl + 12 CO 2 + 11 H 2 O 2.5 moles KClO 3 X 11 mol H 2O 8 molkclo 3 = 3.4 mol H 2 O
How many moles of potassium chlorate are required to produce 18.0 g of water? 8 KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 8 KCl + 12 CO 2 + 11 H 2 O 18.0 g H 2 O X 1 molh 2O 18 gh 2 O X 8 molkclo 3 11 mol H 2 O = 0.72 mol KClO 3
If 22.0 g of carbon dioxide are produced, how many grams of sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) were used? 8 KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 8 KCl + 12 CO 2 + 11 H 2 O 22.0 gco 2 X 1 moleco 2 44.01 gco 2 X 1 molc 12H 22 O 11 12 mol CO 2 X 342 gc 12H 22 O 11 1 molc 12 H 22 O 11 = 14.25gC 12 H 22 O 11
How many grams of sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) were oxidized by the potassium chlorate, if 3.16 g of water were produced? 8 KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 8 KCl + 12 CO 2 + 11 H 2 O 3.16 gh 2 O X 1 mol H 2O 18 g H 2 O X 1 molc 12H 22 O 11 11 mol H 2 O X 342 gc 12H 22 O 11 1 molc 12 H 22 O 11 = 5.46 g C 12 H 22 O 11
Calculate the number of moles in 350.0g of potassium chlorate(kclo 3 ). 350 g KClO 3 X 1 mol KClO 3 122.54 g KClO 3 = 2.86 moles KClO 3
Determine the molar mass of KC 2 H 3 O 2. 98.1 grams
Determine the number of moles in 25.50 g Ag. 25.50 g Ag X 1 mol Ag 107.9 g Ag = 0.24 mol Ag
How many atoms of Cu are in 3.00 moles? 3.00 mol Cu X 6.02 X 1023 1 mol Cu =
How many grams of CCl 4 are in 6.00 moles? The formula mass of carbon tetrachloride is 153.8 g/mol. 6.00 mol CCl 4 X 153.8 g CCl 4 1 mol CCl 4 = 922.8 g CCl 4
How many moles are in 1.2 X 10 24 molecules of water? 1.2 X 1024 molecules H 2 O X 1 mol H 2 O 6.02 X 10 23 molecules
A reaction in which oxygen combines with a substance and releases heat and light can be classified as what type of reaction? Combustion Reaction
A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound can be classified as what type of reaction? Single Replacement Reaction
The following reaction : AgNO 3(aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO 3(aq) can be classified as what type of reaction? Double Replacement Reaction
The following reaction :2Hg + O 2 2HgO can be classified as what type of reaction? Synthesis Reaction
Given the following combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon, balance the equation and determine the coefficient of H 2 O. 2 C 4 H 6 + O 11 2 CO 8 2 + H 6 2 O
Balance the following equation. C 3 H 8 + O 5 2 CO 3 2 + H 4 2 O
What are the coefficients to correctly balance the formula equation? Cr 2 + Fe(NO 3 3 ) 2 Fe 3 + Cr(NO 2 3 ) 3
The following reaction : Cr + Fe(NO 3 ) 2 Fe + Cr(NO 3 ) 3 can be classified as what type of reaction? Single Replacement Reaction
The following reaction : H 2 O H 2 + O 2 can be classified as what type of reaction? Decomposition
What is the balanced equation when aluminum reacts with copper(ii)sulfate? According to reactivity series, Aluminum is MORE reactive than copper so it will replace it. 2 Al + CuSO 4 3 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + Cu
A compound contains 36.1 g calcium and 63.9 g chlorine. What is the empirical formula of the compound? 36.1 g Ca X 63.9 g Cl X 1 mol Ca 40.08 g Ca 1 mol Cl 35.45 g Cl = 0.90 mol Ca/ 0.90 = 1Ca = 1.8 mol Cl/ 0.90 = 2 Cl CaCl 2
A compound is composed of 82.68% mercury, (Hg), and 17.32% nitrogen, (N). What is the compound's empirical formula? 82.68 g Hg X 17.32 g N X 1 mol Hg 200.59 g Hg 1 mol N 14.01 g N = 0.41 mol Hg / 0.41 =1 Hg = 1.23 mol N / 0.41 = 3 N HgN 3
The elemental analysis of a sample of ionic compound gave the following results: 2.82 g Na, 4.35 g Cl, and 7.83 g O. The empirical formula of this compound is: 2.82 g Na X 4.35 g Cl X 7.83 g O X 1 mol Na 22.99 g Na 1 mol Cl 35.45 g Cl 1 mol O 16 g O = 0.123/0.123 = 1 Na = 0.123/0.123 = 1 Cl = 0.489/0.123 = 3.97 = 4 O NaClO 4
What is the molecular formula of a compound that is composed of 83.64% tin (Sn) and 16.36% phosphorous (P)? The compound's experimental molar mass is: 567.80 g/mol. 83.64 g Sn X 1mol = 0.70mol = 1.3 Sn X 3 = 4 Sn 118.7g 0.53 16.36 g P X 1mol = 0.53mol =1 P X 3 = 3 P 31 g 0.53 Sn 4 P 3
Find the percent composition of MgS. Mass of MgS = 56.4 g % comp of Mg = 24.3 X 100 = 43.1 % Mg 56.4 % comp of S = 32.1 X 100 = 56.9 % S 56.4
Find the percent composition of MgSO 4. Mass of MgSO 4 = 120.4 g % Mg = 24.3 X 100 = 20.2 % Mg 120.4 % S = 32.1 X 100 = 26.6 % S % O = 120.4 64 120.4 X 100 = 53.2 % O
What is the percentage of chromium in BaCrO 4? Compound Mass = 253.2 % Cr = 51.9 253.2 X 100 = 20.5% Cr
What is the percentage of barium in BaCrO 4? Compound Mass = 253.2 Barium = 137.3 253.2 X 100 = 54.2% Ba
What is the percentage of oxygen in BaCrO 4? Compound Mass = 253.2 Oxygen = 64 253.2 X 100 = 25.3% O
If the pressure exerted by a gas at 25.0 o C in a volume of 0.0440 L is 3.81 atm, how many moles of gas are present? (Hint: R = 0.0821 L-atm/mol- K) PV=nRT 25+273 = 298 K 3.81atm 0.0440L = n 0.0821 (298 K) 0.16764 = n 24.4658 0.00685 OR 6.85 X 10 3 moles
Calculate the volume that a 0.323-mol sample of a gas will occupy at 265 K and a pressure of 0.900 atm. PV = nrt 0.900 atm V = 0.323 mol 0.0821 265K 0.900V = 7.027 V = 7.81 L
Determine the Kelvin temperature required for 0.0470 mole of gas to fill a balloon to 1.20 L under 0.988 atm pressure. PV = nrt (0.988atm)(1.20 L) = (0.0470 mol) (0.0821) T 1.1856 = 0.003857 T 307.4 K
A sample of gas at 1.50 atm and 4.0 L is compressed to 2.5 L at a constant temperature. What is the new pressure? P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 (1.5atm)(4.0L) = P 2 (2.5L) 2.4 atm = P 2
A sample of gas at 313 K occupies a volume of 2.32 L. If the temperature is raised to 348 K what will be the new volume? V 1 T 1 = V 2 T 2 2.32 L = V 2 313 K 348 K 807.36 = 313 V 2 2.6 L = V 2
What is the final pressure in atm, if 5.25 L of gas at 75.0 C and 1.33 atm pressure is compressed to 2.75 L at 155 C? P 1V 1 T 1 = P 2V 2 T 2 75+ 273 = 348 K 155 +273 = 428 K 1.33atm 5.25L 348 K 2988.51 = 957 P 2 3.12 atm = P 2 = (P 2)(2.75L) 428 K
A sample of SO 2 gas has a volume of 9.50 L at a temperature of 320K. At what temperature will the gas have a volume of 2.55 L? V 1 T 1 = V 2 9.5 L 320 K T 2 = 2.55 L T 2 (9.5L)T = 816 85.9 K
What type of reactions release energy into its surroundings? Exothermic
What type of energy change is shown in the following reaction Sn +Cl 2 SnCl 2 DH= -325KJ Negative H = exothermic reaction
A 50.6 g sample of iron metal is heated from 19.7 o C to 24.3 o C. How many joules of heat will be absorbed? (specific heat of iron is 0.4494(J/g o C) q = mc T q = (50.6g)(0.4494J/g o C)(24.3-19.7) q = 104.6 Joules of heat absorbed
A sample of an unknown metal has a mass of 120.7 g. As the sample cools from 90.5 o C to 25.7 o C, it releases 7020 J of energy. What is the specific heat of the sample? q = mc T T = (25.7-90.5)=-64.8 7020 J = (120.7g) C (-64.8) 7020 J = -7821.4 C C = -0.9 J/g o C
The specific heat of ethanol is 2.44 J/g C. How many joules of energy are required to heat 50.0 g of ethanol from -20.0 C to 68.0 C? q = mc T T = 68.0 (-20.0) = 88.0 C q = (50.0g) (2.44J/g C) (88.0 C) q = 10,736 Joules
How much heat does it take to warm 16.0 g of pure water from 90 C to 100 C? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g C. q = mc T T = 100 90 = 10 C q = (16.0g) (4.18 J/g C) (10 C) q = 668.8 Joules of heat
How much heat does it take to warm 50.00 g of pure water from 20.00 C to 80.00 C? The specific heat of water is 4.180 J/g C. q = mc T T = 80.00 20.00 = 60.00 C q = (50.00g) (4.180 J/g C) (60.00 C) q = 12,540 Joules
The temperature of a sample of water increases from 20.0 C to 46.6 C as it absorbs 5650 J of heat. What is the mass of the sample? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g C. q = mc T T = 46.6 20 = 26.6 C 5650 J = m (4.18 J/g C) (26.6 C) 5650 = 111.19 m 50.9g = m
Predict the type of bond formed: Na + + Cl - NaCl Ionic
Predict the type of bond formed: Cl + Cl Cl 2 Covalent
Predict the type of bond formed between lithium and fluorine Ionic
Predict the type of bond formed between carbon and hydrogen Covalent
Predict the type of bond formed between copper and chlorine Ionic
Predict the type of bond between sodium and fluorine Ionic
Predict the type of bond between sulfur and oxygen Covalent
Given: nitrogen, sulfur, boron, or chlorine, which would tend to form an ion with a -3 charge? Nitrogen
Given: carbon, oxygen, barium, or potassium, which would tend to form an ion with a +2 charge? Barium
What is the charge of the phosphate in K 3 PO 4? 3-
What is the name of H 2 SO 4? Sulfuric Acid
What is the formula for copper (II) chloride? CuCl 2
What is the formula for aluminum sulfate? Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
What s the correct formula for carbon disulfide? CS 2
What is the correct name for CCl 4 Carbon Tetrachloride
What is the correct name for MgSO 4 Magnesium Sulfate
What is the correct formula for (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 Ammonium phosphate
What is the correct name of Li 2 CO 3 Lithium Carbonate
What is the correct name for NaOH Sodium Hydroxide
What is the correct formula for potassium permanganate KMnO 4
What is the correct formula for hydrochloric acid? HCl
What is the correct formula for phosphorous acid? H 3 PO 4
Predict the type of bond formed by sharing 4 electrons. Covalent (shared)