Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfiction Draw Conclusions Captions Glossary Matter Scott Foresman Science 2.8 ì<(sk$m)=bdhjbg< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U ISBN 0-328-13791-X
Vocabulary gas liquid mass mixture property solid states of matter by Kim Fields Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13791-X Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Matter All things are made of matter. Matter has mass and takes up space. Think about your bedroom. Your bed, clothes, and toys are made of matter. Even things you cannot see are made of matter. Air is a kind of matter. 2 3
All things made of matter have mass. Mass is how much matter is in an object. Matter is made of tiny parts. You can see the tiny parts of matter through a microscope. Properties of Matter Matter has different properties. You can observe a property using your senses. Some properties are color, size, shape, and weight. One property of matter is weight. Which of these is light? Which of these is heavy? 4 5
You can see and touch some properties of matter. Matter can feel smooth or rough. This seashell feels smooth. Sandpaper feels rough. The seashell has a spiral shape. The sandpaper is shaped like a square. Another property of matter is size. This beach ball is big. The golf ball is small. Color is a property of matter. What colors can you see on this beach ball? 6 7
States of Matter The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. You can measure the size of some solids with a ruler. Solids A solid has its own shape and size. A solid also has mass and takes up space. A table is a solid. Your pencils and erasers are also solids. They all have a size, shape, and weight. A notebook is made of solid matter. You can find out how long, tall, and wide it is. 8 9
Liquids A liquid is a kind of matter without a shape. A liquid takes the shape of the container that holds it. Liquids have mass and take up space. Milk is a liquid. It takes the shape of the carton or jug that holds it. Pour milk into a glass. Now it takes the shape of the glass. A liquid can be measured using a measuring cup. You can pour milk into a measuring cup to find its volume. The amount of space a liquid takes up is called its volume. A measuring cup measures the amount of space taken up by a liquid. 10 11
Gases Gas is also a kind of matter. Gas can change size and shape. Gas takes the size and the shape of whatever holds it. Gas also has mass. The air you blow into a balloon is made of gases. You cannot see the gases. They take up space, but they have no shape of their own. 12 13
Matter can change in shape. It can become round or square. It can become flat or bumpy. Changing Matter There are many ways to change matter. Matter can change in size. It can get bigger or smaller. The size of matter can change. Take some bites out of an apple. Now the apple is a different size! You can change dough into many shapes. 14 15
Mixing and Separating Matter A mixture is something made of two or more things. The things you put in a mixture do not change. These marbles are a mixture of colors. The marbles are also a mixture of sizes. You can separate a mixture into its parts. Each marble can be taken out one at a time. You can separate the yellow marbles from the green marbles. 16 17
Mixing with Water Water is used to make some mixtures. You can separate these mixtures in different ways. Put oil and water together. The water sinks and the oil floats. Mix sugar and water. If you heat this mixture, the water can separate by evaporating. Cooling Matter Fruit juice is liquid matter. It can change when you cool it. Pour juice into molds. Put the molds into the freezer. The juice in each mold will turn into a frozen treat. Then it will be a solid. Oil floats on water. Sugar mixes with water. 18 19
Water vapor from a kettle touches cold glass and changes into drops of water. Water can also change from a liquid to a solid. This liquid rain changed to solid ice when it got very cold. Air contains water vapor. Water vapor is a gas. Water vapor can change from a gas to a liquid. When water vapor touches something cold, it changes to liquid drops of water. Rainwater drips from the roof and freezes. It changes into solid ice. 20 21
Heating Matter Heating can change a solid into a liquid. Chocolate is a solid. When chocolate is heated, it melts. Melted chocolate is a liquid. Heating can change a liquid into a gas. When you light a candle, the candle wax gets hot. It melts and turns into liquid wax. The liquid wax gets hotter and turns into a gas. This is why the candle gets smaller! 22 23
Glossary gas matter that has mass and takes the shape of its container What did you learn? 1. What are some properties of matter that you can observe by seeing? 2. How is a solid different from a gas? liquid mass mixture property solid matter that has mass and takes the shape of its container the amount of matter in an object two or more things with different properties that can be separated something about matter that you can observe with your senses matter that has mass and its own size and shape 3. Water can change from a gas into a liquid. Write to explain how this happens. Use the words water vapor, gas, and liquid as you write. 4. Draw Conclusions What could you do to change milk into a solid? states of matter the different forms matter can take: solid, liquid, or gas 24