The International year of light 2015 The Open University animation Swahili translation United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization In support of International Year of Light 2015 2015 has been declared by the United Nations General Assembly as the International Year of Light and Light-based Technology (IYL2015). By proclaiming the IYL2015, the United Nations, together with 100 partners over 85 countries, is recognising the importance of light and light based technology in the lives of the citizens of the world and for the future development of global society on many levels. 2015 also coincides with the anniversaries of a series of milestones in the history of the science of light that are celebrated during the year: 1000 years of The book Of Optics by Ibn Al Haytham (1015), 200 years of the Wavelength s Theory of Light by Fresnel (1815), 150 years of the Electromagnetic Theory of Light by Maxwell (1865), 100 years of General Relativity by Einstein (1915), 60 years of the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Penzias & Wilson and the implementation of Fibre Optics in communication by Charles Kao (1965). All these scientists have changed the world with their revolutionary ideas and the Open University, Gold sponsor for IYL2015, is now proud to present them in a way that you have never seen before. Thanks to volunteers from all around the world we are now able to provide a translated transcript of this animation in a variety of languages in the hope that it can be used to inspire the children worldwide. Please find the translated text in Swahili, together with the original English version and the visual description. Cartoon details & credits: Executive production: Lucia Marchetti & Sas Amoah, The Open University (UK) Production company: Damn Fine Media Illustrations: Dan Evans Supporters: The Open University, South East Physics Network (SEPnet) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) Credits: The Open University (executive production), Dan Evans (illustrations) Swahili translation: Mponda Malozo, Joeline Ezekiel & Adelina Mkami (UNAWE-Tanzania) For any special enquiries, comments or feedbacks please send an email to: lucia.marchetti@open.ac.uk; marchetti.lu@gmail.com 1
VISUAL Hand assembles title. Hand draws stage. Enter our 7 famous scientists. They wave. Hand adds fridge magnet number 1, adds Ibn Al- Haytham with name beneath. Then text saying: The Book of Optics and 1015 slides on. Hand creates Egyptian landscape backdrop. Enter Al-Haytham. Water floods in carrying furniture, underwear, a goat. The water fills up to his neck. Speech bubble appears from person off camera Sort it out. Hand creates lab interior. Add Al-Haytham working on machine. Water floods in, including pants. He picks them up and puts them on his head. He speaks gibberish: Marmalade! Catnip! Titchmarsh! Hand creates home interior. Add Al-Haytham in straightjacket. He is sat at a table with a candle on it and a book. He writes with pen in his teeth. He shuts book to reveal it is The Book of Optics. We see light shine from the candle into his eyes. The door opens and he quickly puts pants on head (with foot) and says Helipad, Bozo, Pancakes. TEXT The International Year of light Celebrating seven scientists who changed the world, and our understanding of light. Mwaka wa Kimataifa wa Mwanga Kusheherekea wanasayansi saba walioweza kubadilisha ulimwengu na uelewa wetu wa mwanga. Katika karne ya 11 In the 11th Century, Arab mwanasayansi Ibn Alscientist, Ibn Al-Haytham, was Haytham kutoka Arabuni, told to work out how to aliambiwa atafute namna regulate the erratic flooding ya kudhibiti mafuriko of the River Nile. yasiyotabirika katika mto Nile. He soon realised it was utterly impossible and, fearing execution, he pretended to be insane. He was placed under house arrest: bad news for Al- Haytham, good news for civilisation. He suddenly had a lot of free time to continue his studies. Eventually he wrote The Book of Optics, which showed how vision takes place when light enters the eye. Ndani ya muda mfupi aligundua kuwa jambo hilo haliwezekani, na kwa kuhofia kunyogwa alijifanya kiachaa. Alipewa kifungo cha nyumbani. Hii ilikuwa habari mbaya kwa Al- Haytham, lakini habari njema kwa ustaarabu wetu. Mara akawa na muda mwingi wa kuendelea na tafiti zake. Hatimaye aliandika kitabu cha "mwanga" kilichoonyesha jinsi kuona hutokea pale mwanga uingiapo jichoni. 2
The door closes. The speech bubble vanishes. Al- Haytham smiles. Hand creates racetrack. Al- Haytham runs on in straightjacket holding candle in mouth. We go to close up of him. When we return to a wide shot, Augustin-Jean Fresnel is waiting in front of him, in Victorian swimsuit. Al Haytham s candle pings to appear in Fresnel s hand. Fresnel runs off screen. Hand creates sea with lighthouse background. Fresnel dives into the water and swims toward lighthouse. Hand adds fridge magnet number 2, adds Augustin- Jean Fresnel with name beneath. Then text saying Wave nature of light and 1815 slides on Hand assembles interior of lighthouse with inferior unattractive lens mirror. Enter Fresnel in Victorian swimwear holding big unwieldy Fresnel lens. He swaps them. Hand assembles sea and lighthouse at night. Light bursts out of lighthouse. The Fresnel lens appear in front of the light and separates it Al-Haytham had furthered our understanding of light s nature and 800 years later Augustin-Jean Fresnel, while discovering the wave nature of light, would create something truly illuminating, with his aptly named, Fresnel lens. The Fresnel lens can project light for miles around; and soon became the big thing in keeping-ships-off-rocks. And Fresnel s ground breaking studies into wave theory have seen him become just as popular with scientists as sea captains Al-Haytham aliboresha uelewa wetu juu ya asili ya mwanga, na miaka 800 baadae Augustin-Jean Fresnel, wakati akigundua asili ya mawimbi ya mwanga, alitengeneza kitu chenye kumulika sana na kwa fahari alikiita lensi ya Fresnel. Lensi ya Fresnel ilikuwa na uwezo kumulika mwanga kwa umbali mrefu na kuifanya iwe muhimu katika kuzuia meli kugonga miamba. Na tafiti za kipekee za Fresnel za nadharia ya mawimbi ya mwanga, zilimfanya awe mtu maarufu miongoni mwa wanasayansi na manahonda wa meli. 3
Hand places down magazine called Science Hunks with Fresnel on cover, then a magazine on top called Naval Gazer with Fresnel on front. Hand adds Fresnel on podium. Text enters above scene saying SLOW LEARNER. It zooms offscreen and is replaced by text saying THE FATHER OF THE WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT We see the sea with rocks. Real hand places lighthouse on it with light shining out. The lighthouse changes into a big question mark shape:?, same colours as lighthouse, as if it has stretched and morphed. Hand adds fridge-magnet number 3, adds James Clerk Maxwell with name beneath. Then text saying Electromagnetic waves and 1865 slides on. Hand creates dark dungeon. Enter Maxwell with lamp shining. The light from lamp changes into the electromagnetic wave Hand creates lab background. Icons representing electricity and magnetism are on shelf. Enter Maxwell holding sack. He grabs both and throws them in bag. The bag rattles about. He looks worried. A slow learner, who couldn t read at aged 8, he is now considered the Father of the wave theory of light. Although Fresnel had laid the foundations... The nature of light remained a mystery until James Clerk Maxwell discovered the deep connection between electricity and magnetism. In discovering electromagnetic force he proved that light is in fact an electromagnetic wave. Mtu mwenye uelewa wa taratibu, ambae hakuweza kusoma katika umri wa miaka 8, sasa anajulikana kama Baba wa nadharia ya mawimbi ya mwanga. Ingawa Fresnel aliweka misingi... Asili ya mwanga haikujulikana hadi James Clerk Maxwell alipogundua uhusiano wa kina kati ya umeme na usumaku. Katika kugundua nguvu za umeme na usumaku alithibitisha kuwa, mwanga ni mawimbi ya umene na usumaku. 4
Hand add fridge magnet number 4, adds Albert Einstein with name beneath. Then text saying General Relativity and 1915 slides on. Einstein holds up ring and looks proud. Hand creates Observatory background with telescope. Enter female scientist character. She looks into telescope. We see view through telescope with one galaxy as ring round another. Hand creates the gravitational lensing image. First add earth, then lens, then distant galaxy Maxwell was the first scientist to unify any of nature s fundamental forces and a great influence on our next hero, Albert Einstein, whose theory of General Relativity gave us (Epic Voice) One ring to rule them all. With General Relativity Einstein theorised the phenomenon known as gravitational lensing. It explains why distant galaxies sometimes appear shaped like a ring wrapped around a closer galaxy. During gravitational lensing, a heavy object bends the space around it making a lens. This can magnify the light of a distant galaxy, presenting it as a ring around the closer one. Maxwell alikuwa ni mwanasayansi wa kwanza kuunganisha nguvu za msingi za asili na kutoa ushawishi kwa shujaa wetu anaefuata, Albert Einstein, ambaye nadharia yake ya General Relativity ilitupa (Sauti) 'pete moja ya kutawala vyote'. Kwa kutumia nadharia ya General Relativity Einstein alielezea nadharia inayojulikana kama gravitational lensing. Inayoeleza kwanini galaxi za mbali wakati mwingine huonekana kama pete iliyofungashwa kwenye galaxi ya karibu. Wakati wa gravitational lensing, kitu kizito hupindisha anga linalokizunguka na kutengeneza lensi. Hii huweza kukuza mwanga unaotoka katika galaxi ya mbali, na kuifanya ionekane kana pete iliyofungashwa kwenye galaxi ya karibu. 5
Hand creates space with huge Einstein head in centre and ring of lots of little Einstein heads all around it. The ring of heads are a different colour to the one in the centre. The big Einstein winks. Hand add number 5, adds Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson with names beneath. Then text saying Cosmic Microwave Background and 1965 slides on. A microwave appears in their hands. They throw it aside. Hand creates Bachelor flat with microwave. Add Robert Wilson in vest waiting by microwave which is on. It beeps and opens as if finished. We zoom into microwave and see the cosmic microwave background Hand adds their antenna Enter Penzias and Wilson on top of it wearing aprons. They mop it. They look up and smile. Einstein alikuza uelewa wetu kuhusu mwanga Einstein had taken our katika anga za mbali na understanding of light far into muda si mrefu Arno outer space and soon Arno Penzias na Robert Wilson Penzias and Robert Wilson waliweza kugundua sauti would detect the earliest hum za mwanzo kabisa kutoka of the cosmos using a... anga za mbali kwa kutumia... Microwave (Clears throat)... using microwaves! Microwave (Safisha koo)...miale ya microwaves! Ndio, kwa ugunduzi wa Yes by detecting the very mwanga unaowasaidia same light that warms many a makapera wengi wenye bachelor s lonely heart, Arno mioyo ya ukiwa, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson Penzias na Robert Wilson discovered the echo of the waligundua mwangwi wa big bang mlipuko wa big bang At first they thought the strange radio signal was caused by pigeon poo in their antenna. But with the poo removed... the signal remained. Mwanzoni walifikiri kuwa kelele za ajabu walizosikia zilikuwa zinasababishwa na kinyesi cha njiwa kwenye antena zao. Lakini hata baada ya kusafisha kinyesi kwenye antena...sauti hizo zilibakia. 6
Hand creates awards event background. Enter Penzias and Wilson. A shared Nobel Prize appears in their hands. Pigeon poo lands on it. They both look up angrily. Hand adds number 6, adds Charles Kao with name beneath. Then text saying Optical fibre technology and 1965 slides on. Hand creates psychedelic pattern background with psychedelic text saying Glass ain't groovy Text leaves scene. Enter Charles Kao carrying chunk of glass and copper. He throws copper over shoulder and kisses glass comically. Hand makes 60s British office backdrop and adds Kao at device that resembles spaghetti machine. He puts chunk of glass into the device and churns out glass fibres. He says Fiber-optics! Hand assembles desk and laptop. Skype style window appears with Kao in it. He waves. They won a Nobel Prize for their work, an accolade they share with our last hero of light, Charles Kao. Back in the 60s, most engineers thought glass was an inefficient medium for carrying Telecommunications. But Charles Kao (and George Alfred Hockham) believed it could be better than copper. He found that by purifying glass and bundling it into fibres, it could carry huge amounts of information over long distances using light. And thanks to Kao, we can now communicate from one side of the world to the other in an instant. Walishinda Tuzo ya Nobel kwa kazi yao, sifa ambayo wanashirikiana na shujaa wetu wa mwisho wa mwanga, Charles Kao. Katika miaka ya 60, wahandisi wengi walifikiri kioo ni maada duni katika kupeleka mawasiliano. Lakini Charles Kao (na George Alfred Hockham) waliamini kuwa kioo kinaweza kuwa bora kuliko shaba. Aligundua kuwa kwa kukitakasa kioo na kukifunga katika nyuzi nyuzi, kinaweza kubeba kiasi kikubwa cha taarifa kwa umbali mrefu kwa kutumia mwanga. Na shukrani kwa Kao, hivi sasa tunaweza kuwasiliana kutoka upande mmoja wa Dunia hadi mwingine papo kwa hapo. Hand assembles stage. All seven scientists enter smiling. Neon text slides on above them saying International Year of Light. It flickers and comes on. We hear cheering. They wave. All these scientists have made history in the field of light and in 2015 we re celebrating the anniversaries of their discoveries as part of the International Year of Light. Wanasayansi wote hawa, wametengeneza historia katika elimu ya mwanga na katika mwaka 2015 tunasheherekea gunduzi zao kama sehemu ya Mwaka wa Kimatatifa wa Mwanga. 7
The IYL logo appears, then the website link and the sponsor logos small in the bottom of the screen. 8