Chapter 32 Intro to Animals Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html
Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods
Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Animal Groups Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html
Characteristics of ALL Animals: 1. Are cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are made of many cells 4. Show different kinds of cells do different jobs
Characteristics of ALL Animals: 5. (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger 6. Contain which carries the genetic code 7. Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)
10 Body Systems : 1. OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) Covers and protects, ID, prevents heat & water loss Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpg Cardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/graphic/images/birds/northern%20cardinal.jpg
10 Body Systems : 2. Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm
NO OPENINGS: Food enters through skin
Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/digestio.gif Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening
Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/digestio.gif Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)
Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/digestio.gif Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization (Different parts can start to do different jobs)
10 Body Systems : 3. Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = loose inside body spaces = Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif
10 Body Systems : 4. Exchange gases with the environment take in oxygen get rid of waste gases (CO 2 &/or ammonia) Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif
10 Body Systems : 5. Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance ( )
NITROGEN WASTE : Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute
http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.jpg NITROGEN WASTE
ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! WHERE ITS MADE? Body system used? DIGESTIVE WASTE left over from undigested food Handled by digestive system NITROGEN WASTE made by cells from break down of proteins Handled by excretory system In what form? Feces (poop) ammonia, urea, or uric acid
10 Body Systems : 6. Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = Skeleton on outside = Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newfrontpage/animals/virtualzoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif
Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_nosw.html 10 Body Systems : 7. Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif
10 Body Systems : 8. - Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent = Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/parenet2parent/index.asp Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm
10 Body Systems : DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterfly Frog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.jpg
Sperm and egg join outside female s body = Sperm and egg join inside female s body = Animation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif
9. Receive sensory info about environment & send response signals http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg
10. Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals) Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg
Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry
No symmetry Doesn t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves. Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm
Symmetry Jelly fish image: http://www.redfishbluefish.com/bellaluz/jellyfish.jpg http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm Image from: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ Get 2 identical halves in several directions.
Symmetry If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images Image from: http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/documents/animals/symmetry.htm BUT only divides equally in ONE direction
3. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml 1. Where does BLASTOPORE end up? 2. What do embryos look like as they divide? 3. When do cells decide what they will be?
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm Becomes digestive system
1. Where does BLASTOPORE end up? Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm
What do embryos look like as they divide? SPIRAL CLEAVAGE RADIAL CLEAVAGE Images from: http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif
When do cells decide what they will become? Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg
Cells decide early Cells decide later Removing cell causes death Removing cell OK Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg
THAT S WHERE TWINS COME FROM!
ANIMALS PROTOSTOMES Blastopore becomes MOUTH Decide very early (DETERMINATE) SPIRAL cleavage ALL INVERTEBRATES except ECHINODERMS DEUTEROSTOMES Blastopore becomes ANUS Decide later (INDETERMINATE) RADIAL cleavage ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals) plus ECHINODERMS
EMBRYOLOGY are the exception to the rule! They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like Image from: http://www.bsac21.freeserve.co.uk/images/critters/starfish%20bloody%20henry.jpg
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm Becomes digestive system
All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Endoderm Digestive system, respiratory Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Outer skin, brain, nervous system
Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) No cavity (space) around organs Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm ACOELOM = without space
FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!
Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm PSEUDOCOELOM
ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!
Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums) EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM
EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!
3 Types of Coeloms ACOELOM ectoderm mesoderm endoderm PSEUDOCOELOM EUCOELOM Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg
Advantages of having a COELOM (body space): Provides space for internal organs In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells
WHY is a EUCOELOM the best? Digestive organ muscles and body wall muscles come from MESODERM in different places so organism can digest food and move at same time. Images from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/images/animal_images/coelomate.gif
Which way is up? Image from: http://www.ca4h.org/4hresource/clipart/animals/pics/dog.gif
Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)