BIO 2125 - Animal Form and Function Midterm examination Worth either 10% or 15% of your final grade Tuesday February 7, 2006 a) Place your name and student number in the space provided below. Be sure that your name is on the top of each page because the exam will be separated to facilitate marking b) Circle the lab section for your lab. c) Check to be sure that your exam is complete with a total of 12 pages including this one d) Answer all questions in the space provided on the exam. Do not transfer answers to the back of the page e) The exam is out of 80 pts. Name:... Student No:... Circle your lab section: Thursday: A1-BSC312, A3-BSC330, A5-BSC335. Friday: A2-BSC312, A4-BSC330 A6-BSC335 Page 1 of 12
15 pts Part 1. Briefly explain what each of the following biological terms means. Where possible include an example in your definition from a group or an organism to which the term applies. Siphonoglyphs {anthozoa/anemone}{paired/ciliated structures/cause biradial symmetry}{drive water into gastrovascular cavity/for hydrostatic skeleton/inflate the anthozoan} 1,1,1, Rhabdites {Free-living flatworms/platyhelminthes}{in epidermis/swell with water}{defensive/toxic/distasteful mucous that covers surface} 1,1,1 Enterocoely {formation of the coelom}{by pouches of primitive gut/archenteron}{tripartite/three coelomic spaces/protocoel, mesocoel, metacoel}{bryozoa as an example} Homology {Similar evolutionary/embryological origins}{different functions}{classic example modification of the vertebrate limbs an version} Pellicle {Microtubule/thicken membrane stucture}{strengthens the cell surface/anchors for against forces} {flagella/cilia}{ciliated of flagellated protozoans} 1,1, and 1 for either of the last two a maximum of 3 Page 2 of 12
20 pts Part 2 Answer each of the following multiple choice questions by placing an in the space to the left of the correct choice. There is only one correct answer for each question and questions have either 4 or 5 answers to choose from 2.1 Multiple fission of a fertilized egg in the host is also called A. Endogony B. Gametogony C. Schizogony D. Exogony E. Sporogony 2.2 All ciliates have a large nucleus that controls the daily functions of the cell A. Diploid B. Polypolid C. Haploid D. Monoploid E. Heteroploids 2.3 The Apicomplexa move by means of: A. Cilia. B. Filopodia. C. Flagella. D. Muscular contraction. E. Its host. 2.4 Skeletons of some sponges are composed of proteinaceous fibers called A. Spiculin B. Mysoin C. Spongin D. Scleotin E. Actin Page 3 of 12
2.5 The acoelomate body is characteristic of which animal taxon: A. Ecdysozoa B. Platyzoa C. Lophotrochozoa D. Deuterostomia 2.6 A colony of bryozoans is collectively called A. Zooecium B. Zooarium C. Avicularia D. Ancestrula E. None of the above 2.7 Between the two layers of cells that make up a Cnidarian is a jellylike layer referred to as the A. Mesoderm B. Mesoglea C. Mesohyl D. Endocyme 2.8 The non-living casing of a bryozoan A. Statoblast B. Cystid C. Polypide D. Avicularia E. Zooecium Page 4 of 12
2.9 Freshwater protists constantly gain water by osmosis; these special organelles remove the excess water. A. Contractile vacuoles B. Autophages C. Lysosomes D. Protonephridia E. Microfilaments 2.10 This cnidarian stage of the life-cycle uses cilia as a means of locomotion A. Polyp B. Scyphostoma C. Ephyra D. Planula E. Medusa 2.11 These protists live in glass shells formed from silica salts. A. Rhizopoda B. Euglenozoa C. Radiozoa D. Granuloreticulsea E. Apicomplexa 2. 12 The reproductive polyps in a hydroid colony are called A. Hydranths B. Gonozoids C. Gastrozooids D. Statocyts E. Statoblasts Page 5 of 12
2.13 In the classification scheme after Kingdom, Phylum, Class comes this taxon. A. Family B. Genus C. Species D. Order 2.14 The statocyst in a cnidarian is part of which functional system: A. Digestive B. Respiratory C. Reproductive D. Circulatory E. Nervous and sensory 2.15 Which of the following is a properly written binomen. A. Homo Sapiens B. Homo sapiens C. Homo sapiens D. homo spaiens E. homo sapiens 2.16 A continuous layer of fused cells with no lateral cell membranes is called a/an A. Syncytium B. Glycocalyx C. Integument D. Cuticle E. Microvillus 2.17 In sponges reproduction A. is asexual by budding B. is by asexual gemmules C. is sexual with sperm and eggs D. All of the above Page 6 of 12
2.18 The lophophore forms from this coelomic space A. Protocoel B. Hemocoel C. Mesocoel D. Metacoal 2.19 The highly branched digestive system in the free living flatworm planaria (Dugesia) partially compensates for the A. lack of an anus for defication B. Absence of a circulatory system C. Absence of digestive enzymes D. Inability to digest food extracellularly 2.20 A sponge sclerocyte makes the A. Choanoderm B. Pinacoderm C. Mesohyl D. Spicules Page 7 of 12
10 pts Part 3: Indicate whether the following statements are True or False by placing a T for true and an F for False in the space next to the question. F 3.1 The sexually mature stage in hydra's life cycle is the strobila. 3.2 T The blastopore froms the anus in flatworms. 3.3 F The phylum Porifera is limited to marine environments. 3.4 F The protozoan phyla are monophyletic. 3.5 T The trichocysts in a ciliate are used in defense. 3.6 F A taxon is monophyletic if it includes the most recent common ancestor of a group of animals and some but not all of the descendents of the ancestor. 3.7 F Paramecium wouldn't be able to back up and go around obstacles if it were not for its nervous system. 3.8 T Comparative biochemical data are sometimes useful for estimating the ages of different lineages on a phylogentic tree 3.9 F A more technical term for the hermaphrodite condition is dioecious. 3.10 F If a character is described as primitive zoologists mean it is relatively crude and poorly adapted to an animal's habitat. 20 pts Part 4: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms. Place the term in the space in the sentence or at the end of the sentence. 4.1 This cavity is lined with choanocytes in asconoid sponges but they're missing in the same cavity in the syconoid form. Spongocoel 4.2 Horizontal divisions of this stage of the schyphozoan life cycle make it resemble a stack of plates. Strobila 4.3 This stage follows the miracidium in the fluke life cycle. Sporocyts 4.4 These polyps on a colonial hydrozoan are responsible for feeding. Gastrozooid 4.5 Located at the base of an anemones (Anthozoa) gastrovascular cavity, these help kill the ingested prey. Acontia/Filaments Page 8 of 12
4.6 Like the trigger of a gun, this structure is responsible for firing the cnidarian's cnidocyte. Cnidocil 4.7 Most species of flatworms have this type of life cycle. Parasitic 4.8 Every bryozoan colony starts from one of these. Ancestrula 4.9 Like other lophophorates, a bryozoan coelom is described as this. Tripartite 4.10 These are also called flame cells. Protnephridia 4.11 This organ system is missing in tapeworms. Digestive 4.12 Planaria feeds by using this structure to get food into its digestive tract. Pharynx 4.13 The vas deferens transports gametes from this organ to the seminal vesicle. Testes 4.14 Free-living flatworms use this sense to sample the chemical environment around them. Taste/Chemoreception 4.15 Sponge architecture consisting of choanocytes in the spongocoel and a single osculum. Asconoid 4.16 Undigested food exits from the same point on a ciliate; it's referred to as this. Cytoproct 4.17 This stage of the malarial life cycle is found in the salivary glands of the mosquito host. Sporozoite 4.18 Sporogony increases the number of malarial parasites in this host. Mosquito 4.19 Amoebas consume this type of food by using phagocytosis. Solid 4.20 These help freshwater bryozoans get through harsh environmental conditions-- winter, for example. Statoblast Page 9 of 12
15 pts Part 5: Answer 3 of the following 6 questions in the space provided each answer is worth 5 points. If you answer more than three on the first three will be counted. 5.1 What are the advantages of having a coelom? {functions a hydrostatic skeleton}{fluid in cavity can be a transport/circulatory fluid}{space for expansion on organ systems}{independent movement of organs/gut without moving body wall}{greater internal complexity by increasing surface area of organs} Don t need to find all 5. 2,2,1 in any order -- but to get the two points it must be clear that the concept is understood 5.2 What mechanism explains amoeboid movement? {conversion of stiff to fluid and back to stiff}{endo to ecto at front and Ecto to endo at back}{contraction squeezes endo forward}{bounces off/streams backwards after hyaline cap}{same proteins and mechanism as muscle, actin/mysosin, ATP and calcium} 1,1,1,1,1 the concepts for the first two may be mixed the grading scheme is edentifying the liquid to solid conversion and where each is happeing for the first two points. Page 10 of 12
5.3 How do free living flatworms like Dugesia move? {Two methods cilia and muscles} [{Cilia explanation includes mucous/beating cilia propel the animal} {result gliding motion}] [{Muscles circ, long and dorsoventral (at least he first two) act to change the shape of the animal} {that anchors by sticking to the substrate and pulling and pushing itself along}]. [1],[2],[2] 5.4 What are the similarities and differences between the tentacles in Cnidarians and Bryozoans. Cnidaria Bryozoa Similarities Both tentacles hollow Both tentacles feeding Both surround the oral opening/mouth Cavity in tentacle gastrovascular/gut Cavity in tentacles cavity coelom Food trapped by cnidocytes Food trapped by cilia Minor diffusion role -,like rest of the Main site for diffusion of gases and body wastes A point for each identified but with the differences each side of the difference must be present. 1,1,1,1,1 Page 11 of 12
5.5 What are rhopalia, what do they detect and how do they function? {sensory in Cnidaria}{{detect light} with a {pigment cup/ocellus}}{{detect gravity} with a {statocyst}} 1,{1,1},{1.1}, 5.6 Structurally and functionally, how do cilia differ from flagella structurally and functionally? Structure: {Flagella long Cilia short} {Only one sometimes two flagella Many lots cell covered in cilia} Functional Flagella {Beat in planar} or {Helicoid} pattern Cilia {power and recovery stroke in different planes} or {metachronal wave} There are more than five possible points, score to a maximum of five Page 12 of 12