Ml Pp M Ay f Pl S Ed by Hd A R Lv M. Nk, Hh, Ld., Jp; S. K, Hh-GE Nl Ey, Ld., Jp; Y. Kk, Y. Tk, Tky El Pw Cpy, Jp; J. K, K vy, Jp; T. Ow, Ay Gk vy, Jp ABSTRACT A b f p hv b pfd vl h l y f p Khwzk-Kw Nl Pw Pl f h Ch-Ok Ehqk N, Jp. Th p ld h vl f xpd pl h hd. Sl l lly hdd by pl, whh hh yl f lf wh ppl f pl, whl d lw yl f lf. S h hqk l ppld, whwhl lfy h llwbl pl lvl whh f d f lw yl f lf. Sh v l vy p f d h y f d pl lvl. Hd d lw yl f w pfd lfy h llwbl lvl whh h lw yl f lf f p-d l ffd. Th hd f f l d l l d wh h pl w h 2-4%, whl h lw yl f lf bd f w ffd wh h pl p- w l h 8%. Th l h h f pl f h l hd ffly f h f lf f h p l pw pl. INTRODCTION N p fllw h Ch-Ok Ehqk h k N Pf, Jp, 27 hwd h h l y f h l p h Khwzk-Kw Nl Pw Pl w vly dd. Nvhl, h qp d p, whh dd b w pbly bjd xv ld d h xpd hh l. Rdl pl y hv b dd h ll p f h p v hh df d fl w dd by h vl p. Sl l lly hdd by pl, whh h hh yl f lf wh h ppl f pl. A pl p-, hwv, d lw yl f lf. Appp p hd h dd f pl, d h llwbl pl lvl whh h lw yl f lf f p-d l ffd b lfd. Sh v l vy p f d h y f d pl. Th dy fd h hd f p' l p f d pl p-. Hd l l d f l w d by y kd f hd, d h pl hd p hd w dfd h b f h hd l d h p d l l pw pl. Th l f l l d f l w pfd lfy h ff f yl p- h hl pp d lw yl f h. Cyl pl p-, whh b dd hd p hd, w dd h p p h. Th ld d d by h yl p- d f w d f h f,. Th f w hw by v b vld f yl p-d l h lw-yl f. Th f w fd b fl f h dl f lf f yl p-d l d h fl f d whh h p l pw pl b d f b bjd xv ld d by hqk.
METHODS OR DETECTING PLASTIC STRAIN Ply x Th vl -dv hd f pl h l pw pl fld h d v h p. Th bd h hd f h l f. Th bd h llph h f h l f..., ph bv f Ld bd lp bd Th bd h ph f f h l f..., ddy x, x-y dff hd, f Th bd f h l f..., x-y dff hd, py hd, Bkh ly, vly hd Ply x f h hd hwd h h hd f l l lly wh h pl. M dld x f h hd hd w h dd. Dld x f hd hd T l d hd Hd p-d f l d l l w d d h hd hd. Th l w b l SS4, b lw lly l SQA, d Typ SS36L l l. All ly d h l pw pl. Th hd w d pbl k hd, b l hd, d p-yp Eqp hd. I f h hw.. Th pl p- dd h l p 7%; h l p- w lld f h d f h lh. Th f f h l w fhd by bff b wh d h l pw pl. Th hd w d 3 pl. I dd, vl k hd f -fh f h h p w dd d p h hd bd h h hd d vl hd. Pbl k bl hd Ip-yp hd hd - I f k hd
T l A hw. 2, h hd dvd f h hd w ly ld wh h d f h pl p-. A h f h pl p- h hd f h l. Th hd d wh h pbl k d l hd w l ql h 9 H 7 SS4 b l d h k 5 3 Pbl k hd Ip- yp hd l hd Cvl k hd 9 2 4 6 8 2 P- % SS4 24 SQA lw y l H 22 d h k 2 8 6 Pbl k hd Ip- yp hd l hd Cvl k hd 4 2 4 6 8 2 P- % b SQA 25 Typ SS36L l l H d h k 23 2 9 7 5 3 Pbl k hd Ip- yp hd l hd Cvl k hd 2 4 6 8 2 P- % SS36L 2 - Rlhp bw k hd d p- f h l. d wh vl k hd f h l. Th hd d wh h p hd w lhly hh h wh h vl. Th l f h hd vd dpd h yp f l d f p-.
Th pbl k hd v h l h vl l. Th l hd l v l h vl. Th, hwv, h b lbd bfhd, d h l dpd h hk f h l. Th pbl k hd, hf, h ppp f h h vld f pl p- l pw pl. S hd w lly hw f 2-4% p-, h 2-4% b dd wh h hd. MECHANICAL AND LOW CYCLE ATIGE STRENGTH O CYCLIC PRE-STRAINED MATERIALS M ppd h fllw q pd f h f l..53.832.55 σb.56 σb.9 =.266 f N f +. 7 N f, E E wh,, f f dly, N f b f yl fl, σ B l h, E Y' dl. Th q -lld Mdfd M' q. Th f h h v lw yl f lf, d d v hh yl f lf. Wh pl p- dd h l, l h, σ B, ld h hh yl f h f h l 23. O h h hd, h dly dd by h pl p-, ld d h lw yl f h. Mhl d lw yl f w pfd lfy h ff f yl p h hl pp. T l d p Th l h w Typ SS34, SS36L d SS36 l-d l l d SQA, STS48, STPT4, SC2B d SS4 f l. All d xvly l pw pl. Th d f h p hw. 3. Hl-hpd p wh d f 8 w d pv bkl d p d d f yl pl p-. Th f, K, w.5 4. K=.5 5 3 R M6 P 8 φ 4 φ 3 3 35 4 35 3 - D f p
A Ld L/C T p D 4 - Cf f l d f h. Hydl- v- yp f- D dpl 5 - I f l d f. T p T hdly Th f f h h d f l d f hw. 4. I f h hw. 5. A hydl-v f- h w d f d h yl p- d f h l h d lw yl f. All w d d dpl l. Th xl, x, d h l d f w lld h h d: d x = 2 l, 2 d wh, d l d d d d d h. Th l w ld h l. Tbl d Tbl 2 hw h x f l d f, d pd lld. 6. Th pld f h yl p- ppld h p w 2, 4 d 8%. Th 2% p- w h d l wh h hd hd. wh pld hw Tbl 2 w d f d yl p- h p d h vldy f l lv f d l f p-d l. Th f,, w lld h b f h f lf f v l. Th x d yl p- w.2. Tl d f l Eff f p- hl pp 7 d 8 hw ypl l f h yl p- d d h l f l l d f l. Th p- w 6%
T l SS36NG SQA SS34 STPT4 SC2B STS48 SS4 T vl N Cyl p- p % Cyl 8.5-5 6 2.5 2 8 5 3 4 S f l.4%/ Tbl - Tl x f yl p-d l T l N Cyl p- S f f p % Cyl p % 6.25~2.5 2.5 SS36NG 2 8.25~5 2.5 3 4 5~3 6.75~2.5 2.5 SS34 2 8 3.75~5 2.5 3 4 5~7 SS36L 6 2 SQA STPT4 SC2B STS48 SS4 6.25~2.5 2 2 8.25~5 2 6 2.5 2 2 8 5 2 3 4 Tbl 2 - x f yl p-d l. Cyl p- Δ p Tl Cyl p- Δ p Δ N f T T 6 T pd.
- 5 P M 5 5 l - 5 - N SS34TP, RT - 5 - - 5 5 5 Axl, % T- 34-2 Cyl p- 6%, 2.5 yl P M l N 5 5-5 - - 5 P- Tl T- 34-2 l Cyl p- 6%, 2.5 yl - 5 5 5 2 25 Axl, % Cyl p- d b Tl f p-d l 7 - Expl f yl p- d d l l f l l Typ SS34 l l, p = 6%, 2.5 yl. 5 5 P M 5 l - 5 - N STS48, RT T- 48-2 Cyl p- 6%, 2.5 yl P M 5 l - 5 N - P- Tl T- 48-2 l Cyl p- 6%, 2.5 yl - 5-5 - 5 - - 5 5 5 Axl, % - 5 5 5 2 25 Axl, % 8 - A xpl f yl p- d l l f f l STS48 l, p- 6%, 2.5 yl. d b f yl w 2.5. Th l h f l l w d by h p-, b h f dly dd. Th l h f f l w d lhly by h p-, d h f dly w l ql h f p-d l. / σ B B h l T 2.5.5, RT p.4-.6....3 : SS36NG σ B =655 MP : SS34TP σ B =67 MP f f yl p-, p - f f/, y l d f T 2..5..5, RT p.4-.6.85 : SS36NG f =.94 : SS34TP f =2.3.... f f yl p- p, - Tl h b T f dly
9 - Rlhp bw f f yl p- d hl pp f l l. / σ B B h l T 2.5.5, RT p.4-.6....3 : SQA σ B =655 MP : STS48 σ B =633 MP : STPT4 σ B =524 MP : SC2B σ B =536 MP : SS4 σ B =536 MP f f yl p-, p - f f/, y l d f T 2.5.5, RT p.4-.6 : SQA f =.36 : STS48 f =.343 : STPT4 f =.9 : SC2B f =.34 : SS4 f =.95.85... f f yl p-, p - Tl h b T f dly - Rlhp bw f f yl p- d hl pp f f l. Th lhp bw hl pp l h d f dly d f f l l d f l zd. 9 d. Th w bd f b-f S-N v f v l, dbd l. A hw. 9, h l f h SS34 l l w dff f h f h SS36NG l l. A h by d p- d h l h d dd h f dly. Th b l l h kbl wk hd h. Th dff bw h l f v l d f p-d l w.3 f l h d.8 f f dly. Th dff, hwv, f f l h. d h h wk hd f f l ll pd wh h f l l. Th l h d d lhly wh d by yl p-. Th f dly d dd lhly wh. Th h dd fly ff h l h f h l b h v h l h d f dly f f l w ll h h f l l, hw bv. Eff f yl p- f lv Th f l f yl p-d l l hw.. Th l l ql h pdd Mdfd M' q wh l h σb =68 MP, f =2. d f φ=.879 d Y' dl E = 92 GP, bd f h p f f yp SS34 l l. Th S-N v. hw h lhp bw h d h qvl b f yl fl. I vl h, l h f f yl p- h.2 p.2, h d h f lf vy ll. b hw h lhp bw p d l = p + p, wh p h f f h f. Th f w lld h b f h b-f S-N v f f. Th l d f.7.4, l ql h f v l. k f ll p w d f h l f. Thh h f w d h, h f h yl p-d l w h l h h f f h v l. Th l f lv, hwv, w ly ql, h h f lf h lw yl vd by h.
Th f l f yl p-d f l hw. 2. Th l l ql h pdd h dfd M' q wh l h σb =475 MP, f =.3 d f φ=.642 d Y' dl E =22 GP, bd f h p f f STPT4 l. Th S-N v. 2 hw h lhp bw h d h qvl b f yl fl. Th w vy ll d h f lf f h yl p-d l f p.2. 2b hw h lhp bw p d l. Th l f p-d f l lld h b f h b f S-N v f v l w l ql, d h l, d f.7.4. Th l ql h f p-d f l. All f k w d f h l f. D h f, lk h l l, h hy lp f d w dw whh h w p-. Th S-N v l dd h h f f lf by h f vld ly f v l b l f h pl p-d l l d f l f p.2. I dd, f l vld h l p-d by ld ll hv ff h f lf. I h pv, h hd w fd b wh pl w h 2-4%. Th lw yl f lf, hwv, w ffd by yl pl p- l h 8%. Th pl h b f hd, hf, ffly f h f lf f p. -, S..., RT M' pd SS34TP D f : SS36NG : SS36L : SS34TP Op:Wh p- Sld:Wh p- - p, RT Wh p- : SS36NG : SS36L + p.4 =.7, f.... Eqvl b f yl fl, N f yl f f yl p-, p - S-N v b Tl f l. - l f l l. -, S..., RT M' pd STPT4 D f v : SQA : STS48 : STPT4 : SC2B : SS4 Op:Wh p- Sld:Wh p- Eqvl b f yl fl, N f yl - p + p, RT Wh p- : SQA : STS48 : STPT4 : SC2B : SS4.4 =.7, f.... f f yl p-, p - S-N v b Tl f l. 2 - l f f l.
SMMARY Hd l l d f l w d dfy h ppp hd f pl p- l pw pl p h hv b bjd xv ld. A hd pbl k hd w dd b h ppp h b f h hd l d h wk d l l pw pl. Tl d lw yl f w pfd vl h ff f yl p- h hl pp d f lf f p-d l. A h p- w fd l h d d f dly. Th dff h hl pp, hwv, w f f l h. E f h f h by f w fd b fl f h p-d l f p.2. Th f l d h h p-d l wh p.2 hv ff f f lf. Th hd w fd b wh pl w h 2-4%. Hwv, h lw yl f lf w fd b ffd by yl pl p- l h 8% f bh f l d l l. Th pl h b f hd hf ffly f h f lf f p. Th dd h p f Khwzk-Kw Nl Pw S by h Ch-Ok Ehqk h b d b q ll f. Th l f h dy d h h p ll hv ff hl d f h f h b d. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Th dy w pfd by h Sl Iy A C f Nl Cp dd by Ehqk SANE f Jp Nl Thly I. Th h wld lk xp h d ll h vlvd wh h d d. REERENCES M, S.S., D f Lw Cyl, Lw Cyl, ASTM STP 942, 988 5-39. 2 Tkhh, K d Ow, T, Evl f G-yl Pp f A Sl Sl l T, Jl f Sld Mh d Ml, 28 23 366-373. 3 Ow, T.,. l. Iv f ff f P-S y Hh-Cyl Sh f A Sl Sl, Jl f Pw d Ey Sy, 29 3 38-5. 4 Id, K. l., Eff f Tl Cpv P y Lw Cyl Lf, Jl f h Sy f Nvl Ah f Jp, 985 56 485-492.