1. Glaciers often form parallel scratches and grooves in bedrock because glaciers A) deposit sediment in unsorted piles B) deposit rounded sand in V-shaped valleys C) continually melt and refreeze D) drag loose rocks over Earth s surface 2. Which erosional agent typically deposits hills of unsorted sediments? A) glaciers B) streams C) winds D) ocean waves 3. A landscape region that has broad, U-shaped valleys with polished and grooved bedrock was most likely formed by A) glaciers B) wind C) wave action D) running water 4. Which landscape characteristic best indicates the action of glaciers? A) few lakes B) deposits of well-sorted sediments C) residual soil covering large areas D) polished and scratched surface bedrock 5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram which represents a profile of a mountain glacier in the northern United States. 6. Which evidence suggests that a landscape surface has been eroded by glaciers? A) large coral reefs B) layers of sorted round pebbles C) parallel grooves in polished bedrock D) cross-bedded piles of frosted sand grains The downhill movement of mountain glaciers such as the one shown in the diagram is primarily caused by A) evaporation of ice directly from the glacier B) snow blowing across the top of the glacier C) the force of gravity pulling on the glacier D) water flowing over the glacier
7. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a coastal area with a variety of landforms. Points A and B are reference points along a meandering stream. Which landscape best represents the shape of the valleys occupied by glaciers? A) B) C) D) 8. Which landscape surface resulted primarily from erosion by glaciers? A) 9. The diagram below represents a section of the Earth's crust. B) C) D) This surface landscape was most likely caused by A) folding of the crust B) sinking of rock layers C) erosion by valley glaciers D) deposition of stream sediments 10. The bedrock at a certain location is deeply scratched, and in some places is covered by a layer of unsorted sediment. Which erosional agent was probably responsible for these features? A) ocean waves B) running water C) wind D) glaciers
11. The diagram below represents the surface topography of a mountain valley. Which agent of erosion most likely created the shape of the valley shown in the diagram? A) wind B) glaciers C) ocean waves D) running water 12. Shaded areas on the diagrams below show the part of New York State that was covered by glacial ice during the last ice age. The best inference that can be made from these diagrams is that this glacial ice A) was about 1 mile thick at New York City B) advanced and retreated more than once C) moved more slowly than the glaciers of earlier ice ages D) changed the shape of Lake Ontario
13. Base your answer to the following question on map below, which shows areas where certain minerals were mined in significant amounts during 1989. What is a common use for the mineral that is mined at the southern end of the two largest Finger Lakes? A) making talcum powder B) vulcanizing rubber C) polishing jewelry D) melting ice
14. Base your answer to the following question on the map below. In which landscape region of New York State are the Finger Lakes located? A) the Catskills B) Allegheny Plateau C) Erie-Ontario Lowlands D) Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands 15. Which agent of erosion formed the long U-shaped valleys now occupied by the Finger Lakes in central New York State? A) running water B) ocean currents C) wind D) glacial ice 16. Which statement provides the best evidence that New York State s Finger Lakes formed as a result of continental glaciation? A) The lake surfaces are above sea level. B) The lakes fill long, narrow U-shaped valleys. C) The lakes are partially filled with sorted beds of sediment. D) The lakes are surrounded by sharp, jagged peaks and ridges. 17. Which agent of erosion was primarily responsible for forming the long, narrow, U-shaped valleys in the Finger Lakes region of New York State? A) wind B) landslides C) meandering streams D) continental glaciers
Base your answers to questions 18 through 20 on the map and cross section below. The map shows the shapes and locations of New York State's 11 Finger Lakes and the locations of some major glacial deposits (moraines) left behind by the last ice age. The cross section shows surface elevations, valley depths, and water depths of the Finger Lakes. 18. The general shape of the Finger Lakes and the pattern of moraine deposits found across Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York are evidence that the continental glacier was advancing from A) south to north B) north to south C) east to west D) west to east 19. In which New York State landscape region are the Finger Lakes located? A) Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands B) Erie-Ontario Lowlands C) Allegheny Plateau D) the Catskills 20. Which statement provides the best evidence that New York State's Finger Lakes formed as a result of continental glaciation? A) The lake surfaces are above sea level. B) The lakes fill long, narrow, U-shaped valleys. C) The lakes are partially filled with sorted beds of sediment. D) The lakes are surrounded by sharp, jagged peaks and ridges.
21. The diagram below represents a side view of a hill (drumlin) that was deposited by a glacier on the Atlantic coast. This hill is most likely composed of A) cemented sediments B) unsorted sediments C) vertically layered sediments D) horizontally layered sediments 22. The cross sections below show a three-stage sequence in the development of a glacial feature. Which glacial feature has formed by the end of stage 3? A) kettle lake B) finger lake C) drumlin D) parallel scratches
Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the map below, which shows a portion of a drumlin field. Elevations are in feet. 23. These drumlins are composed of sediments transported and deposited directly by glacial ice. These sediments are likely to be A) well-rounded, sand-sized particles B) well sorted in horizontal layers C) unsorted and not in layers D) found underwater, mixed with organic materials 24. What is the contour interval of this map? A) 5 ft B) 10 ft C) 20 ft D) 25 ft 25. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a landscape in which sediments were deposited by a continental glacier. Letters A, B, C, D, and E represent locations in this area. A terminal moraine that marks the farthest advance of the glacier is found at location A) A B) B C) C D) D
26. The diagram below shows rock material being transported by a mountain glacier. The moraine deposits left when this glacier melts will generally be A) sorted by size and layered B) sorted by size and unlayered C) unsorted by size and layered D) unsorted by size and unlayered 27. The diagram below shows a glacial landscape feature forming over time from a melting block of ice. This glacial landscape feature is best identified as A) a kettle lake B) an outwash plain C) a finger lake D) a moraine