A. CLASSIFYING LIFE FORMS Students will understand that there are similarities within the diversity of all living things. 1. Compare systems of classifying organisms including systems used by scientists. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 16-25, 26-29 ANIMALS SE/TE: 6-11 TR: GRSW Classifying Organisms, Domains and Kingdoms TECH: T A4-A7, B3; GO More on classifying living things, Links on kingdoms; VFT Living Things 2. Decipher the system for assigning a scientific name to every living thing. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 16-25 TR: GRSW Classifying Organisms TECH: T A4, A5 3. Describe some structural and behavioral adaptations that allow organisms to survive in a changing environment. EXAMPLE Use Internet resources to research and report on bird migration. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 104-111 ANIMALS SE/TE: 94-98, 99-106, 118-125, 148-154, 156-165 CELLS AND HEREDITY SE/TE: 141 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 24-31 TR: GRSW Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, What is Behavior?, Patterns of Behavior, Interactions Among Living Things TECH: T B27- B31, B35-B39, B43-B46, E6, E7; GO More on the frog life cycle, Respiration and Circulation activity, More on reptiles, Links on animal behavior, Pheromones activity, More on population interactions; VFT Introduction to Plants, Reptiles, Animal Behavior, Populations and Communities 1
B. ECOLOGY Students will understand how living things depend on one another and on non-living aspects of the environment. 1. Describe in general terms the chemical processes of photosynthesis and respiration. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 114-121 CELLS AND HEREDITY SE/TE: 44-48, 49-53 TR: GRSW Photosynthesis and Light, Photosynthesis, Respiration TECH: T A29-A31, C12-C17; GO The Photosynthesis Process activity, Links on cellular respiration 2. Analyze how the finite resources in an ecosystem limit the types and populations of organisms within it. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 82-88 TR: GRSW Environmental Issues TECH: T E26; GO Links on the environment 3. Describe succession and other ways that ecosystems can change over time. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 32-37 TR: GRSW Changes in Communities TECH: T E8-E10; GO Links on succession 4. Generate examples of the variety of ways that organisms interact e.g., competition, predator/prey, parasitism/mutualism. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 74-83, 88-95 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 24-31 ANIMALS SE/TE: 26-32, 47-54, 86-93, 156-165 TR: GRSW Protists, Fungi, Worms, Characteristics of Arthropods, Fishes, Patterns of Behavior, Interactions Among Living Things 2
TECH: T B9-B11, B15-B17, B24-B26, B45, B46, E6, E7; GO Links on fungi, More on worms, Links on arthropods, Pheromones activity, More on population interactions; VFT Populations and Communities 5. Describe various mechanisms found in ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE the natural world for transporting living and SE/TE: 54-57 non-living matter and the results of such movements. TR: GRSW Biogeography TECH: T E20; GO Continental Drift activity C. CELLS Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. 1. Compare and contrast human organ systems with those of other species. ANIMALS SE/TE: 26-33, 40-45, 47-54, 55-59, 70-73, 80-83, 86-92, 94-98, 99-106, 118-125, 132-141 HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SE/TE: 12-19, 24-29, 30-37, 60-67, 68-71, 78-84, 85-89, 91-97, 112-121, 127-131, 176-180, 182-189, 216-221, 224-231 TR: GRSW Worms, Mollusks, Characteristics of Arthropods, What is a Vertebrate?, Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Characteristics of Birds, Mammals, The Skeletal System, The Muscular System, The Skin, The Digestive Process Begins, Final Digestion and Absorption, The Cardiovascular System, A Closer Look at Blood Vessels, Blood and Lymph, The Respiratory System, The Excretory System, How the Nervous System Works, Divisions of the Nervous System, The Endocrine System, The Male and Female Reproductive Systems 3
TECH: T B9-B11, B13-B22, B24-B31, B35, B37- B39, B41, D2-D5, D7-D10, D17-D19, D21-D28, D31-35, D37-D39, D48-D53, D59-D65; GO More on worms, Links on arthropods, Water Vascular System activity, Links on vertebrates, Respiration and Circulation activity, More on reptiles, Links on mammals, Movable Joints activity, More on muscle types, Links on the skin, Links on digestion, More on the digestive system, The Heart activity, Links on blood, Respiratory System, Links on organs of excretion, More on nerve impulses, Nervous System activity, Links on the reproductive system; VFT Bones, Muscle and Skin, Circulation, Respiration and Excretion 2. Prepare and examine microscope slides of single-celled and multi-celled organisms. 3. Describe the structure and function of major organs in human systems. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 50, 74, 79, 80, 158-159, 202-203 ANIMALS SE/TE: 15, 19 CELLS AND HEREDITY? SE/TE: 11, 22, 63 HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SE/TE: 91, 224 HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SE/TE: 12-19, 24-29, 30-37, 60-67, 68-71, 78-84, 85-89, 91-97, 112-121, 127-131, 176-180, 182-189, 216-221, 224-231 TR: GRSW The Skeletal System, The Muscular System, The Skin, The Digestive Process Begins, Final Digestion and Absorption, The Cardiovascular System, A Closer Look at Blood Vessels, Blood and Lymph, The Respiratory System, The Excretory System, How the Nervous System Works, Divisions of the Nervous System, The Endocrine System, The Male and Female Reproductive Systems TECH: T D2-D5, D7-D10, D17-D19, D21-D28, D31-D35, D37-D39, D48-D53, D59-D65; GO Movable Joints activity, More on muscle types, Links on the skin, Links on digestion, More on the digestive system, The Heart activity, Links on blood, Respiratory System, Links on organs of excretion, More on nerve impulses, Nervous System activity, Links on the reproductive system; VFT Bones, Muscle and Skin, Circulation, Respiration and Excretion 4
4. Identify the causes and effects of diseases, explain their transmission, and identify prevention strategies. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 46, 60-67, 93 ANIMALS SE/TE: 53 HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SE/TE: 140-144, 145-153, 154-158, 159-165, 166-169 TR: GRSW Bacteria, Viruses, and Your Health; Infectious Disease, The Body s Defenses, Preventing Infectious Disease, Noninfectious Disease, Cancer and the Environment TECH: T A16, D41-D46; GO Links on infectious diseases, More on bacterial resistance, More on infectious diseases, Immune Response activity, More on disease prevention, Links on cancer; VFT Viruses and Bacteria Fighting Disease 5. Describe how body systems work together. HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SE/TE: 6-11 TR: GRSW Body Organization and Homeostasis TECH: T D1; GO Links on body systems EXAMPLES Identify the functions of different cells in multi-celled organisms. Use models to compare and contrast the structure and function of the circulatory system with the structure and function of the skeletal system. 5
D. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE Students will understand the basis for all life and that all living things change over time. 1. Describe how fossils can be used by scientists to trace the history of a species. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 32, 110, 146 ANIMALS SE/TE: 107-111 CELLS AND HEREDITY SE/TE: 138-145, 148-153, 155-163 EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE SE/TE: 110-116 TR: GRSW Vertebrate History in Rocks, Darwin s Theory, Evidence of Evolution, The Fossil Record, Fossils 2. Explain how scientists use fossils to prove that life forms, climate, environment, and geologic features in a certain location are not the same now as they were in the past. TECH: T B32, B33, C40, C41-C45, G33, G34; GO Links on fossils, Links on Charles Darwin, Links on evolution; VFT Changes Over Time FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 32, 110, 146 ANIMALS SE/TE: 107-111 GENES AND HEREDITY SE/TE: 138-145, 148-153, 155-163 EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE SE/TE: 110-116 TR: GRSW Vertebrate History in Rocks, Darwin s Theory, Evidence of Evolution, The Fossil Record, Fossils TECH: T B32, B33, C40-C45, G33, G34; GO Links on fossils, Links on Charles Darwin, Links on evolution; VFT Changes Over Time 3. Provide examples of the concept of GENES AND HEREDITY natural and artificial selection and its role in SE/TE: 123-128, 138-145, 148-153 species changes over time. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 24-31 TR: GRSW Advances in Genetics, Darwin s Theory, Evidence of Evolution, Interactions Among Living Things 6
TECH: T C37, C38, C40-C42, E6, E7; GO Links on fossils, Links on Charles Darwin, Links on evolution, More on population interactions; VFT Changes Over Time, Populations and Communities 4. Compare how sexually and asexually reproducing species transfer genetic information to offspring. FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 48-57, 82, 88-95, 104-111, 126-129, 136-145, 146-150, 151-159 ANIMALS SE/TE: 6-11 CELLS AND HEREDITY SE/TE: 92-96, 97-103 HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SE/TE: 224-231 TR: GRSW Bacteria, Fungi, The Plant Kingdom, Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants, The Characteristics of Seed Plants, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, The Cell and Inheritance, The DNA Connection, The Male and Female Reproductive Systems TECH: T A15, A24, A28, A34, A35, A37, A38, A43, A45, C27-C31, D62-D65; GO Links on meiosis, Protein Synthesis activity, Links on the reproductive system; VFT Genetics: The Science of Heredity EXAMPLES Explain how sexual reproduction can lead to offspring that have traits different from the traits of their parents. Describe how new varieties of plants and animals have been produced by humans through selective breeding for certain traits. Choose an animal and describe how environmental pressures may lead to changes in that species over time. 7
E. STRUCTURE OF MATTER Students will understand the structure of matter and the changes it can undergo. 1. Predict and test whether objects will float or sink based on a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the concepts of density and buoyancy. MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY SE/TE: 82-89 TR: GRSW Floating and Sinking TECH: T M25-M28; VFT Forces in Fluids 2. Describe the evidence that all matter consists of particles called atoms that are made up of certain smaller particles. CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 11, 74-79 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS SE/TE: 6-11 TR: GRSW Introduction to Atoms, Elements and Atoms TECH: T K20-K22, L1-L3; GO More on Atoms, More on atomic structure 3. Use the Periodic Table to group elements based on their characteristics. CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 80-87, 88-95, 98-107 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS SE/TE: 12-21 4. Describe how a substance can combine with different substances in different ways, depending on the conditions and the properties of each substance. TR: GRSW Organizing the Elements; Metals; Nonmetals and Metalloids; Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table TECH: T K23-K28, L4, L5; GO Periodic Table Activity, Links on metals, Links on nonmetals; VFT Atoms and Bonding CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 22-27 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS SE/TE: 12-21, 22-29, 30-35, 46-55, 56-65, 66-73 TR: GRSW Changes in Matter; Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table; Ionic Bonds; Covalent Bonds 8
TECH: T K4-K6, L4-L12; GO Conserving Matter activity, Links on ionic compounds, Links on molecular compounds; VFT Atoms and Bonding 5. Describe how the motion of the particles of matter determines the state of that matter e.g., solid, liquid, gas, plasma and vice versa. CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS TE: 42-47, 48-54, 109 6. Explain how the relatively small number of naturally occurring elements can result in the large variety of substances found in the world. TR: GRSW States of Matter, Changes of State TECH: T K9-K12; GO Data Sharing CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 22-27 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS SE/TE: 12-21, 22-29, 30-35, 46-55, 56-65, 66-73 TR: GRSW Changes in Matter; Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table; Ionic Bonds; Covalent Bonds TECH: T K4-K6, L4-L12; GO Conserving Matter activity, Links on ionic compounds, Links on molecular compounds; VFT Atoms and Bonding 7. Investigate the similarities and differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures. 8. Demonstrate the law of conservation of matter. CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 6-15 TR: GRSW Describing Matter TECH: T K1; GO Links on describing matter; VF Introduction to Matter CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 22-27 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS SE/TE: 56-65 TR: GRSW Changes in Matter, Describing Chemical Reactions TECH: T K4-K6, L19-L21; GO Conserving Matter activity, Balancing Equations activity 9
F. THE EARTH Students will gain knowledge about the earth and the processes that change it. 1. Demonstrate how the earth's tilt on its axis results in the seasons. WEATHER AND CLIMATE SE/TE: 114 ASTRONOMY SE/TE: 6-15 2. Describe how soils are formed and why soils differ from one place to another. TR: GRSW Earth in Space TECH: T I42, J1-J3; GO Seasons activity EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE SE/TE: 48-55 TR: GRSW How Soil Forms TECH: T G14-G16; GO Soil Layers activity 3. Explain the evidence scientists use when they give the age of the earth. EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE SE/TE: 130-133 TR: GRSW Early Earth TECH: T G44, G45; GO Links on Precambrian Earth 4. Describe factors that can cause shortterm and long-term changes to the earth. INSIDE EARTH SE/TE: 44-50, 51-59, 82-86 EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE SE/TE: 66-71 TR: GRSW Forces in Earth s Crust, Earthquakes and Seismic Waves, Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics, Changing Earth s Surface TECH: T F14-F17, X, Y, G19, G20; GO Links on faults, Seismic Waves activity, More on volcanoes, Mass movement activity; VFT Earthquakes 10
5. Classify and identify rocks and minerals based on their physical and chemical properties, their composition, and the processes which formed them. INSIDE EARTH SE/TE: 114-123, 124-127, 144-147, 148-151, 152-156, 157-159, 160-163 TR: GRSW Properties of Minerals, How Minerals Form, Classifying Rocks, Igneous Rocks, Sedimentary Rocks, Rocks From Reefs, Metamorphic Rocks TECH: T F35-F38, F42-F49; GO Crystal systems activity, More on mineral formation, More on igneous rocks, Links on sedimentary rocks, More on coral landforms, Links on metamorphic rocks; VFT Rocks 6. Describe the many products used by humans that are derived from materials in the earth's crust. INSIDE EARTH SE/TE: 130-137 TR: GRSW Using Mineral Resources TECH: T F39, F40; FO Links o mining minerals; VFT Minerals 7. Demonstrate factors affecting the flow of groundwater. EARTH S WATERS SE/TE: 34-39, 78 TR: GRSW Water Underground TECH: T H11-H13; GO Links on water underground EXAMPLES Collect and analyze soil samples from various locations in the community. Study weather fronts as well as shortterm catastrophic events e.g., hurricanes and tornadoes. 11
G. THE UNIVERSE Students will gain knowledge about the universe and how humans have learned about it, and about the principles upon which it operates. 1. Compare past and present knowledge about characteristics of stars e.g., composition, location, life- cycles and explain how people have learned about them. ASTRONOMY SE/TE: 126-135, 136-140 TR: GRSW Characteristics of Stars, Lives of Stars TECH: T J37-J43, J49-52; GO More on types of stars, The Lives of Stars activity; VFT Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe 2. Describe the concept of galaxies, including size and number of stars. ASTRONOMY SE/TE: 141-147 3. Compare and contrast distances and ASTRONOMY the time required to travel those distances SE/TE: 141-147 on earth, in the solar system, in the galaxy, and between galaxies. TR: GRSW Star Systems and Galaxies TECH: T J44; GO Links on galaxies TR: GRSW Star Systems and Galaxies TECH: T J44; GO Links on galaxies 4. Describe scientists' exploration of ASTRONOMY space and the objects they have found e.g., SE/TE: 48-52, 53-57, 104-107, 139 comets, asteroids, pulsars. TR: GRSW The Space Program; Exploring Space Today; Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors TECH: T J18, J19, J31, J32; GO More on lunar exploration, Links on space exploration; Links on comets, asteroids, and meteors; VFT Exploring Space 12
5. Describe the motions of moons, planets, stars, solar systems, and galaxies. ASTRONOMY SE/TE: 16-19, 20-29, 72-77, 84-91, 94-103, 141-147 TR: GRSW Gravity and Motion; Phases, Eclipses, and Tides; Observing the Solar System; The Inner Planets; The Outer Planets; Star Systems and Galaxies TECH: T J4-J11, J22, J25-J30, J44; GO Links on gravity, Moon Phases and Eclipses activity, Solar System activity, Links on the planets, More on the planets, Links on galaxies; VFT The Solar System EXAMPLE Use available satellite pictures to identify objects found in space. H. ENERGY Students will understand concepts of energy. 1. Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of energy conversions e.g., in electricity generation. MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY SE/TE: 158-165, 166-169 TR: GRSW Energy Transformations and Conservation, Energy and Fossil Fuels TECH: T M48-M50; GO Energy Transformations activity, Links on energy transformations; VFT Energy 2. Demonstrate that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changed from one form to another. MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY SE/TE: 158-165 TR: GRSW Energy Transformations and Conservation TECH: T M48, M49; GO Energy Transformations activity, Links on energy transformations 13
3. Compare and contrast the ways energy MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY travels e.g., waves, conduction, convection, SE/TE: 151-155, 183-189 radiation. SOUND AND LIGHT SE/TE: 6-10 TR: GRSW Forms of Energy, The Transfer of Heat, What Are Waves? TECH: T M54, O1-O4; GO Links on forms of energy, Links on heat transfer, Links on waves 4. Describe the characteristics of static and current electricity. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM SE/TE: 34-43, 44-53 TR: GRSW Electric Charge and Static Electricity, Electric Current TECH: T N12-N18; GO Links on static electricity, More on electric current; VFT Electricity 5. Categorize energy sources as renewable or non-renewable and compare how these sources are used by humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 117, 158-164, 165-173 TR: GRSW Fossil Fuels, Renewable Sources of Energy TECH: T E45, E46, E47, E48, E49, E50; GO Links on fossil fuels, Links on renewable resources; VFT Energy Resources 6. Describe how energy put into or taken out of a system can cause changes in the motion of particles in matter. CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 22-27, 48-54 TR: GRSW Changes in Matter, Changes of State TECH: T K4-K6, K10-K12; GO Conserving Matter activity 14
I. MOTION Students will understand the motion of objects and how forces can change that motion. 1. Describe the motion of objects using knowledge of Newton's Laws. MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY SE/TE: 51-54, 55-63 TR: GRSW Newton s First and Second Laws, Newton s Third Law TECH: T M15-M19; GO More on Newton s Laws; VFT Forces 2. Use mathematics to describe the motion of objects e.g., speed, distance, time, acceleration. MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY SE/TE: 6-17, 22-29 TR: GRSW Describing and Measuring Motion, Acceleration TECH: T M1-M3, M6-M9; GO Motion activity, Data sharing, Links on acceleration; VFT Motion 3. Describe and quantify the ways machines can provide mechanical advantages in producing motion. MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY SE/TE: 114-123, 124-139 J. INQUIRY AND PROBLEM SOLVING TR: GRSW How Machines Do Work, Simple Machines TECH: T M37-M44; GO Links on mechanical efficiency, Types of Pulleys activity, More on automation in the workplace; VFT Work and Machines Students will apply inquiry and problem-solving approaches in science and technology. 1. Make accurate observations using appropriate tools and units of measure. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 6-12, 13-23, 44-59 TR: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry, Measurement A Common Language 15
2. Design and conduct scientific investigations which include controlled experiments and systematic observations. Collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions fairly. TECH: T P1, P2, P7-P15; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity, More on measurement, More on going metric; VFT What is Science?, The Work of Scientists THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 6-12, 13-23, 44-59, 60-67, 68-76 TR: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry, Measurement A Common Language, Mathematics and Science, Graphs in Science TECH: T P1, P2, P7-P26; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity, More on measurement, More on going metric, Links on math and science, Plotting a line graph, Data sharing; VFT What is Science?, The Work of Scientists 3. Verify and evaluate scientific investigations and use the results in a purposeful way. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 13-23, 24-29 TR: GRSW Scientific Inquiry, Why Study Science? TECH: T P2, P3; GO The Nature of Inquiry activity, Links on scientific literacy; VFT What is Science? 4. Compare and contrast the processes of scientific inquiry and the technological method. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 88-96 TR: GRSW Understanding Technology TECH: T P32-P34; GO Links on Technology 5. Explain how personal bias can affect observations. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 6-12 TR: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist TECH: T P1; GO More on scientific thinking 6. Design, construct, and test a device invention that solves a special problem. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 97-107 16
TR: GRSW Technology and Society TECH: T P37, P38; GO Links on technology and society EXAMPLE Given temperature data from hot liquids contained in a variety of cups, predict the relative insulating capacity of each. Then, test the prediction and formulate additional questions based on a comparison of the results. K. SCIENTIFIC REASONING Students will learn to formulate and justify ideas and to make informed decisions. 1. Examine the ways people form generalizations. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? 2. Identify exceptions to proposed generalizations. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? 3. Identify basic informal fallacies in arguments. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry 17
TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? 4. Analyze means of slanting information. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? 5. Identify stereotypes. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 6. Support reasoning by using a variety of evidence. TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 7. Show that proving a hypothesis false is easier than proving it true, and explain why. TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? 18
8. Construct logical arguments. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? 9. Apply analogous reasoning. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 6-12, 13-23 EXAMPLES Use logical connectors such as "if...then" to accurately reflect cause and effect. Recognize the intermingling of fact and opinion in scientific explanations. TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Thinking Like a Scientist, Scientific Inquiry TECH: Can be developed from: T P1, P2; GO More on scientific thinking, The Nature of Inquiry activity; VFT What is Science? L. COMMUNICATION Students will communicate effectively in the application of science and technology. 1. Discuss scientific and technological ideas and make conjectures and convincing arguments. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 13-23 TR: GRSW Scientific Inquiry TECH: T P2; GO The Nature of Inquiry activity 2. Defend problem-solving strategies and solutions. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 97-107 TR: GRSW Technology Design Skills 19
TECH: T P35, P36; GO Technology Design Process activity; VFT Technology and Engineering 3. Evaluate individual and group communication for clarity, and work to improve communication. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 97-107 TR: GRSW Technology Design Skills TECH: T P35, P36; GO Technology Design Process activity; VFT Technology and Engineering 4. Make and use scale drawings, maps, and three-dimensional models to represent real objects, find locations, and describe relationships. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 97-107 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Technology Design Skills TECH: Can be developed from: T P35, P36; GO Technology Design Process activity; VFT Technology and Engineering 5. Access information at remote sites using telecommunications. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 97-107 6. Identify and perform roles necessary to accomplish group tasks. TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Technology Design Skills TECH: Can be developed from: T P35, P36; GO Technology Design Process activity; VFT Technology and Engineering THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 97-107 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Technology Design Skills TECH: Can be developed from: T P35, P36; GO Technology Design Process activity; VFT Technology and Engineering 20
EXAMPLE Given actual census data on populations and species in a wetland, present arguments in support of and against a proposition to develop the area. M. IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE Students will understand the historical, social, economic, environmental, and ethical implications of science and technology. 1. Research and evaluate the social and environmental impacts of scientific and technological developments. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 108-117 TR: GRSW Technology and Society TECH: T P37; GO Links on technology and society 2. Describe the historical and cultural conditions at the time of an invention or discovery, and analyze the societal impacts of that invention. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 108-117 TR: GRSW Technology and Society TECH: T P37; GO Links on technology and society 3. Discuss the ethical issues surrounding a specific scientific or technological development. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 108-117 TR: GRSW Technology and Society TECH: T P37; GO Links on technology and society 4. Describe an individual's biological and other impacts on an environmental system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 6-12 TR: GRSW Living Things and the Environment TECH: T E1, E2; GO Links on biotic and abiotic factors 21
5. Identify factors that have caused some countries to become leaders in science and technology. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: Can be developed from: 30-37, 108-117 TR: Can be developed from: GRSW Careers in Science, Technology and Society TECH: Can be developed from: T P4, P37; GO Links on branches of science, Links on technology and society, Links on the internet 6. Give examples of actions which may have expected or unexpected consequences that may be positive, negative, or both. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 82-87 TR: GRSW Environmental Issues TECH: T E26; GO Links on the Environment 7. Explain the connections between ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE industry, natural resources, population, and SE/TE: 82-87 economic development. TR: GRSW Environmental Issues TECH: T E26; GO Links on the Environment 22
8. Recognize scientific and technological contributions of diverse people including women, different ethnic groups, races, and physically disabled. EXAMPLES Investigate the events and technology that led to the discovery of microorganisms and to the subsequent changes in medicine. Identify an historical human problem, describe the possible solutions available at the time the problem was discovered, explain how the problem was solved, and evaluate the positive and negative effects of the solution. REPRESENTATIVE PAGES FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SE/TE: 116-117 ANIMALS SE/TE: 108-109 CELLS AND HEREDITY SE/TE: 8-9 HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SE/TE: 100-101, 156-157 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SE/TE: 84-85 INSIDE EARTH SE/TE: 132-133 EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE SE/TE: 14-15 EARTH S WATERS SE/TE: 50-51 WEATHER AND CLIMATE SE/TE: 18-19 ASTRONOMY SE/TE: 8-9 CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS SE/TE: 76-77, 122-123 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS SE/TE: 18-19, 138-139 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM SE/TE: 96-97, 126-127 SOUND AND LIGHT SE/TE: 94-95, 134-135 THE NATURE OF SCIENCE SE/TE: 46-47 23