Name period date assigned date due date returned Vocabulary Match the 1. Sir Isaac Newton 2. ohannes Kepler 3. gravity 4. microgravity 5. weightlessness 6. slingshot A the force of attraction between objects due to their masses and the distance between them. B the apparent loss of weight of an object that is in free fall. contributed to space exploration by defining and describing gravity D small amount of gravity felt in space. E going around another planet and using it s gravity to gain speed Developed the laws of planetary motion describing how planets move in space. 7. Explain why astronauts should exercise daily. 8. Humans must eat, drink and sleep on the International Space Station. Describe the challenges of drinking and eating in space. How have astronauts adapted to the challenges? 1
9 What work of Sir Isaac Newton helped others to understand and overcome the obstacles of modern space travel. A The laws of Planetary motion. B The discovery of gravity. The invention of electromagnetism. 10 The floating sensation astronauts experience while in a space environment is due to zero gravity. G microgravity. H gravity. loss of gravity. D The construction of simple rockets. 11 Which statement best describes the effect of microgravity on an astronaut s bone health? A B D The amount of physical stress on bones increases, resulting in bone deterioration. The amount of physical stress on bones decreases, resulting in an increase in bone density. The amount of physical stress on bones increases, resulting in an increase in bone density. The amount of physical stress on bones decreases, resulting in bone deterioration. 2
12 Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the model? size of the Sun G size of the planets H distances between planets number of planets 13 How can a model of the solar system be used in planning a trip from Earth to another planet? A To estimate distance, travel time and fuel cost. B To anticipate the frequency and occurrence of meteorites and other objects in space. To map flight plans that avoid solar flare-ups and solar winds. D To predict possible emergencies astronauts may encounter during space travels. 3
14 How does the space suit backpack help astronauts breathe in a space environment? It maintains air pressure to keep bodily fluids from boiling. G It provides pure O 2 for inhaling and canisters to collect O 2. H It stabilizes and internal temperature of 22 (72 ). 16 Why do astronauts wear space suits in swimming pools before participating in manned space explorations? It allows them to work in a frictionless environment. G Gravity of water is similar to microgravity of space. H The load of the backpack is lightened by water, allowing astronauts to more easily practice space tasks. It collects urine and solid wastes. Wearing a spacesuit in water simulates the weightlessness of space. 15 The insulated feature of spacesuit layers are designed to - A protect from radiation. B trap excessive O 2. regulate temperature. D provide pure O 2. 17 How does pressure in the astronaut s space suit help the body work? A The suit forces blood to certain parts of the body to counteract the absence of gravity. B The suit acts as an external pacemaker to regulate the heartbeat. The suit regulates gas exchange between the oxygen pack and the astronaut. D The suit monitors the amount of O 2 to O 2 in the blood. 4
18 All of the following are ways that atmosphere makes the existence of life on Earth possible EXEPT - G H It shields the Earth from collisions. It offers protection from radiation. It maintains a constant temperature. It allows for gas exchange between plants and animals. 19 When NASA sends probes to distant planets they will normally go to another planet first, even though the probe will not collect any data from the first planet. Why do they do this? A B D To take pictures of both planets To make the trip longer To shorten the trip using the first planet s gravity to slingshot the satellite. NASA does not do this. 5
20 What is the correct term for the speed and direction a rocket must travel to break away completely from a planet s gravitational pull? 21 What will happen to a spacecraft that is traveling faster than orbital velocity? A It will not reach orbit. escape velocity B It will fall back to Earth. G terminal velocity H orbital velocity maximum velocity It will move away from Earth. D It will orbit in an elliptical pattern. 22 Which of the following accommodations that allow space exploration are required by the astronauts shown below as they work outside the International Space Station? G H water gravity oxygen heat protection 6
23 Spacecraft carrying humans must land safely. Which of these must a spacecraft carrying humans do to land safely? A It must slow down. 25 What will happen to the human body without air pressure? A It will shrink. B It will expand. B It must use a parachute. It will remain the same. It must land in the water. D It must land on a runway. D It will keep its shape but get bigger. 24 How does an astronaut on a space walk communicate with astronauts in the spacecraft? using sign language G by cellular phone H through radio waves from Earth through a radio transmitter and receiver 7
26 On a space mission, the gravitational environment can negatively affect the bone density of astronauts. Which accommodation will most likely protect the bone health of the crew on a space mission? G H Drinking extra fluids. Eating more calories. Wearing protective clothing while inside the space vehicle. Engaging in a daily routine using exercise equipment. 27 Which of the following spacecraft is designed to carry humans into space? A B D 8