Classification 1
2 I. Diversity of Life A) 13 billion known species of organisms B) This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! C) New organisms are still being found and identified
Why do we classify things? Supermarket aisles Libraries Classes Teams/sports Members of a family Roads Cities Money
4 II. What is Classification? A) CLASSIFICATION: placement of organisms into orderly groups (or taxa) based on similar characteristics B) TAXONOMY: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms C) Taxonomists: scientists that identify & name organisms
III. Benefits of Classifying A) Accurate, uniform and UNIVERSAL names for Sea horse?? organisms B) Prevents misnomers (Misnamed individuals) Ex. starfish & jellyfish aren't really fish at all! C) Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names 5
6 D) Confusion Using Different Languages for Names
7 E) Latin Names Understood by Taxonomists WORLD WIDE
8 IV. Carolus Linnaeus 1707 1778 A) 18th century taxonomist B) Classified organisms by their structure C) Developed naming system still used today
9 IV. Carolus Linnaeus D) Known as Father of Taxonomy E) Developed taxonomy & BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE used today (& advances!) F) Two-word names (Genus & species)
10 V. The Linnean system A) Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Domain BROADEST TAXON Kingdom Phylum (Division in plant kingdom) Class Order Family Genus Species
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12 B) Taxonomic Groups i. Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed ii. There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific iii.domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
4. Classification Pneumonic: Daring [Domain] Kids [Kingdom] Playing [Phylum] Catch [Class] On [Order] Freeways [Family] Get [Genus] Squashed [Species] Or make up your own D K P C O F G S
14 Demented King Phillip Came Over For Gooseberry Soup!
VI. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE A) Standardized B) 2-name naming system based on classification groups C) Genus species D) Latin or Greek E) Italicized in print F) Capitalize Genus, but NOT species G) Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin 15
Binomial Nomenclature Binomial = two-name Nomenclature = naming system Examples: Common house cat Felis domesticus Bobcat Felis rufus Mountain Lion Felis concolor
H) Rules to writing scientific names Homo sapiens An organism s genus is always written first; the organism s species is always written second Genus and species are the most specific levels of organization The genus is Capitalized; the species is written in lower case Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined
(I) Abbreviation of Scientific Names Homo sapiens First letter of genus (capitalized) followed by a period Write out entire name of species H. sapiens
Binomial Nomenclature 19
20 punxsutawney phil Ground hog Whistle pig Wood chuck Marmot ockqutchaun
21 punxsutawney phil Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Sciuridae Genus: Marmota Species: monax Binomial name Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Ursidae Genus Ursus Species maritimus Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo sapiens Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris The more levels of organization that two organisms share, the more closely related those two organisms are!
23 Common Name: Bonobo Scientific Name: Pan paniscus One of man s closest relatives 98.5% of the same DNA as humans Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Pan Species: paniscus
24 Common Name: Human Scientific Name: Homo sapiens sapiens Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens
25 Common Name: SKUNK Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mephitidae Genus: Mephitis Mephitis mephitis Species: mephitis
26 Common Name: Rat Rattus rattus Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Muridae Genus: Rattus Species: rattus
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