USAGE AND PLANS OF HOTSPOT INFORMATION IN INDONESIA Orbita Roswintiarti Natural Resources and Environmental Monitoring Division Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) http://www.rs rs.lapan.go.id/simba LEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANTARIKSA NASIONAL INDONESIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
Background The forest/land fires in Indonesia occur every year, while the severe fires often associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY AT NINO 3.4 REGION (5 N-5 S; 170-120 W) 3.0 2.5 1982/83 1997/98 2.0 1.5 1986/87 1991/92 1994/95 2002 1.0 2006 Nino 3.4 SSTA 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year
Usage of Hotspot Information - Past Hotspot information as the fire potential information has been produced by LAPAN since 1987: Source: NOAA/AVHRR data Ground receiving station: Jakarta (West Java) Main user: Dep. of Forestry Jakarta Pare-Pare
Usage of Hotspot Information - Now Source: NOAA/AVHRR and Terra/Aqua MODIS data Ground receiving stations: Jakarta (West Java) and Pare-Pare (South Sulawesi) Users: National Coordinating Board for Disaster Management Dep. of Forestry Dep. of Agriculture Min. of Environment Min. of Research and Technology Dep. of Home Affairs Statistics Indonesia UN World Food Programme ASEAN Secretariat EU South Sumatera Forest Fire Management Project WWF and CARE International Central Kalimantan Public through http://www.rs rs.lapan.go.id/simba etc.
NOAA/AVHRR Algorithms A pixel is classified as a hotspot if: Tb 3 320 K (nighttime) Tb 3 330 K (daytime) Tb 3 Tb 4 20 K Ch. 3 Ch. 4 Tb 3 : The brightness temperature of Ch. 3 Tb 4 : The brightness temperature of Ch. 4
Terra/Aqua MODIS Algorithms Fire (hotspot) and Vegetation Index algorithms are taken from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. A detailed description of the algorithm may be found in: Giglio,, L., J. Descloitres,, C. O. Justice, and Y. J. Kaufman, 2003: An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment,, 87, 273-282. 282.
Hotspot from NOAA/AVHRR
Hotspot from Terra/Aqua MODIS
Monthly Hotspot Sumatera and Kalimantan 6000 Number of Hotspots in 2006 - Sumatera Island 5000 AVHRR MODIS 4000 3726 4094 No. of hotspot 3000 2856 2905 2000 1000 0 6000 5000 4000 1113 908 964 568 428 406 440 176 74 156 254 219 37 119 66 98 131 12 95 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec AVHRR MODIS Month Number of Hotspots in 2006 - Kalimantan 5792 5622 3756 The difference between the no. of hotspots obtained by the AVHRR and MODIS could be caused by the different: acquisition time threshold method No. of hotspot 3000 2567 2460 2000 1564 1699 1000 0 613 614 483 222 110 97 0 84 110 18 40 8 7 50 6 90 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month
Information Dissemination Website http://www.rs rs.lapan.go.id/simba Monthly report. Seminars, Workshops, Meetings, Trainings, etc. WFP-LAPAN Indonesia Early Warning Bulletin on Natural Hazards International links with: Sentinel Asia Disaster Management Support System in the Asia-Pacific Region Digital Asia Network ASEAN Secretariat Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC- GOLD) LAPORAN PEMANTAUAN CUACA DAN IKLIM DI INDONESIA BULAN DESEMBER 2006
Link to Digital Asia Network http://geoinfo1.scf.keio.ac.jp/mymap/mymap/debrowser/index.jsp?lang=eng ang=eng Month No. of days No. of hotspots Jul 2006 16 4,490 Aug 2006 28 13,681 Sep 2006 27 18,313 Oct 2006 19 12,678 Nov 2006 25 5,014 Dec 2006 17 1,794 Jan 2007 2 124 Problems: Some technical problems related with MODIS receiving systems at LAPAN. Slow access to the Digital Asia Network server provider (send and view).
Usage of Hotspot Information - Plans To upgrade the existing acquisition systems (receiving and processing systems) To process the hotspot information automatically To validate the hotspot algorithms: Sentinel Asia: Joint Project Team (JPT) activities Results from Hotspot Validation Campaign in Central Kalimantan (October 2006) To extend national, regional, and international collaborations (e. g. GOFC/GOLD, GFMC, Department of Land Information - Gov. of Western Australia, etc)
Recommendation To support the wildland fire prevention at the national and regional levels, the assistances from the regional and international institutions/organizations are needed, particularly in: The upgrade of the acquisition, monitoring, and information management systems. The improvement of climate prediction that are likely to results in fires. The methods of the validation. The implementation of the Global Wildland Fire Early Warning System.