How Supernova Progenitors Affect the Explosions Progenitor System Single vs. Double Degenerate Circumstellar Material Progenitor Composition Metal Abundance
Sullivan et al. 21
Sullivan et al. 21
Patat et al. 27 Time
High-Resolution Spectra Probe Gas A 1.2 B 1.2 1 1 Normalized Flux.8.6.4.2 Blue SN28ec Na D2 Jul 18, 28 Na D1 Jul 18, 28 Normalized Flux.8.6.4.2 SN27sa Na D2 Jan 23, 28 Na D1 Jan 23, 28 Red 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 C 1.2 1 D 1 Normalized Flux.8.6.4.2 Single SN27sr Na D2 Jan 17, 28 Na D1 Jan 17, 28 Normalized Flux.8.6.4.2 Sym SN27fs Na D2 Jul 19, 27 Na D1 Jul 19, 27 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 Relative Velocity [km s 1 ] 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 Relative Velocity [km s 1 ] 1 Sternberg et al. 211
Equal Blue/Redshifted Fraction for ISM
Many SN Ia Progenitors Have Winds SNe Ia Blueshifted Redshifted Single/Symmetric 22.7% 54.6% 22.7% Sternberg et al. 211
Optical Spectrum to Measure Velocity 1 8 High Velocity Flux + Constant 6 4 2 Low Velocity 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 Rest Wavelength (Å) Silicon
Measure Silicon Velocity 1 High Velocity: ~ -13, km s -1 8 Flux + Constant 6 4 2 Low Velocity: ~ -1, km s -1 Wider Lines With Higher Velocity 59 6 61 62 63 Rest Wavelength (Å)
Si II Velocity at Maximum Brightness (1 3 km s 1 ) 16 14 12 1 8 1. 1.5 2. Δm 15 (B) (mag) Foley, Sanders, & Kirshner 211
2 Values of RV? -2-19 High Velocity Low Velocity AV -18-17 -16 Figure 4. Wang et al. 29 Vol. 699 RV = AV/E(B-V)
2 Values of RV? M V.75(Δm 15 1.1) (mag) 19.6 19.4 19.2 19. 18.8 18.6 Normal SNe Ia High Velocity SNe Ia 121 SNe 2 Classes Raises RV (More like Milky Way) 18.4.1..1.2.3.4 E(B V) host (mag) Foley & Kasen 211
B V Color.4.2 App.Color Inferred.Intr.Locus Inferred.Intr.Color.2.6 B R Color.4.2.2.5 B I Color.5 1 11 12 13 Si II velocity (1 km/s) 14 15 16
Si II Linear Function versus Constant Mean Color Si II vel (1 km/s) 1 12 14 16 2 Number of SN Ia 15 1 5.2.1.1 Change in Modal A V Estimate
B V Color.4.2 Inferred.Intr.Locus App.Color Inferred.Intr.Color B R Color.2.6.4.2.2.5 B I Color.5 1 11 12 13 Si II velocity (1 km/s) 14 15 16
9 Si II Step Function versus Constant Mean Color 1 Si II vel (1 km/s) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2 Number of SN Ia 15 1 5.14.12.1.8.6.4.2.2.4.6 Change in Modal A V Estimate
2 Values of RV? -2-19 High Velocity Low Velocity AV -18-17 -16 Figure 4. Wang et al. 29 Vol. 699 RV = AV/E(B-V)
Si II Velocity at Maximum (1 3 km s 1 ) 16 14 12 1 Full SN Ia Sample Blueshifted Redshifted..5 1. 1.5 B Max V Max (mag) Foley et al., 212a
Ca II Velocity at Maximum (1 3 km s -1 ) -2-15 -1 2.4 σ Result Low High Mass 8 9 1 11 12 Host-Galaxy Mass (log M O ) 2 4 6 8 1 Number Foley 212b
Wang et al. 213
Wang et al. 213
Wang et al. 213
Outer and Inner Layers Linked a 21 Expectation b 21 v Si (km s 1 d 1 ) 18 15 12 9 6 4dt Faint 7on 86G 94D 9N 9ab 4eo 2er 6X HVG 2bo 97bp 7sr 2dj 18 15 12 9 6 Redshift 3 3hv 98aq 98bu 5cf 3du cx LVG 1el 3 Blueshift Low c 6 3 2 1 1 2 3 2 4 6 8 Number Velocity Gradient Number 4 2 LVG HVG 3 2 1 1 2 3 v neb (1 3 km s 1 ) High Velocity Gradient
Metallicity Changes 56 Ni Yield Timmes et al. 23
Metallicity a (Big?) Systematic Different Metallicity, Same Light-Curve Shape, Different Luminosity Increased Scatter Bias with Redshift? Mazzali & Podsiadlowski 26
Metallicity Changes UV, Not Optical 15.5 15 14.5 14 13.5 Log F λ 13 12.5 12 11.5 11 1.5 ζ=1 ζ=3 ζ=1 ζ=1/3 ζ=1/1 ζ=1/3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 λ (Angstroms) Lentz et al. 2
Twin SNe Same in Optical 1 8 SN 211fe SN 211by Relative f λ 6 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rest Wavelength (Å) Foley & Kirshner 213
Twin SNe Same in Optical 8 9 I 2 Apparent Brightness (mag) 1 11 12 13 14 R 1 V B + 1 15 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Rest frame Days Relative to B Maximum Foley & Kirshner 213
Twin SNe Different in UV 3. 2.5 Relative log(f λ ) 2. 1.5 1..5 2 4 6 8 Rest Wavelength (Å) Foley & Kirshner 213
Twin SNe Different in UV 3. 2.5 Relative f 2. 1.5 1. SN 211fe SN 211by.5 2 25 3 35 4 Rest Wavelength (Å) Foley & Kirshner 213
Different Metallicity Progenitors 4 1 / 2 =1/1 Flux Ratio 3 2 1 1 / 2 =1/3 1 / 2 =1/1 1 / 2 =1/3 11fe/11by 2 25 3 35 4 Rest Wavelength (Å) Foley & Kirshner 213