Radio-HPLC Flow Cells
Innovative Technology Expands the Limits of Radio-HPLC Detection The Most Versatile Flow Cells Packard s Radiomatic TM flow scintillation analyzers and flow cells have been integrated into research laboratories worldwide for the analysis of biological samples separated by liquid chromatography. Whether used for the metabolic profiling in drug metabolism and toxicology studies or for radiochemical purity and environmental fate studies, Radiomatic detectors have proven their ability to quantitate low level radiolabeled metabolites. The technological advances such as multichannel full spectrum analysis (MCA), time-resolved liquid scintillation counting (TR-LSC) technology, and an innovative flow cell design provide up to a 300% increase in sensitivity. Packard s flow cells are an integral part of the flow scintillation analyzer. They provide exceptional system performance to meet your analytical requirements. A variety of flow cell sizes and cell types are available to fit your application: High sensitivity and high efficiency. Reduction of radioactive waste and recovery of a portion or all of your sample. Analysis of samples labeled with low and high energy gamma emitters. Micro-volume or in-line mass spectrometry analysis. Radiopharmaceutical purity validation. TR-LSC Flow Cell Special flow cell windows made of a scintillating material form the basis to distinguish beta from background events. All Packard Quick Change flow cells are interchangeable within the same instrument. Therefore, only one Radiomatic flow scintillation analyzer needs to be purchased. A Radiomatic will change the way you conduct your radio- HPLC studies. Now, you can quantitate samples directly and be confident with your DPM results because they correlate exactly with the results on your liquid scintillation counter.
Choose the Flow Cell that Meets Your Needs Homogeneous Heterogeneous High Performance Gamma PET Homogeneous flow cells with volumes from 100 µl to 5000 µl provide the lowest backgrounds, highest signalto-noise ratio, and highest sensitivity of all flow detection schemes. The liquid scintillation cocktail such as Packard s Ultima-Flo TM environmentally safe cocktail is mixed with the column eluate in ratios as low as 1:1 without compromising performance. Exclusive Packard MCA technology eliminates interference due to background, chemiluminescence, and the effects of chemical quenching by spectral stripping. Micro-volume flow cells with volumes from 3 µl to 99 µl for homogeneous detection applications can be used for super fluid critical chromatography (SFC) and mass spectrometry. Heterogeneous flow cells with volumes from 50 µl to 300 µl are packed with fine grains of solid scintillating material within the coiled Teflon tubing of the flow cell. Heterogeneous detection eliminates consumable costs, reduces waste, and, because the sample is not mixed with liquid cocktails, allows total sample recovery. High performance flow cells with volumes of approximately 35 µl, 100 µl, 200 µl and 400 µl offer heterogeneous detection for applications that require high back pressure and high flow rates. These flow cells withstand pressures of up to 2000 psi. The unique packed cartridge design makes cartridge replacement easy. This may be necessary if the scintillating material becomes contaminated. Gamma flow cells for low and high energy gamma emitters are ideally suited for the high performance flow scintillation analysis of samples labeled with low and high energy gamma emitting nuclides. The Gamma-C flow cell is ideal for low energies below 70 kev such as 125 I and 109 Cd with counting efficiency better than 85% for 125 I. The Gamma-B flow cell is suited for mid to high energy nuclides above 70 kev such as 99m Tc, 131 I, and 201 Tl. Since the scintillator is in the window, there is no need for liquid cocktail, thus eliminating cocktail consumption and reducing waste generation. The PET flow cell is especially suited for the analysis of radiolabeled pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) applications. This flow cell provides PET centers with selective, highly sensitive detection of positron emitters such as 11 C, 13 N, 15 O, and 18 F. A unique flow cell design incorporates optically isolated bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillating windows resulting in signal-to-noise ratios unmatched by any other PET flow cell. Teflon is a registered trademark of E.I. Dupont Company.
Homogeneous Counting For High Sensitivity and High Efficiency Homogeneous methods provide the lowest backgrounds, highest sensitivity, highest efficiency and the best MDA for all isotopes. The homogeneous flow cell consists of Teflon tubing which is coiled between two scintillating windows. Teflon tubing is chosen because of its inertness and transparency characteristics to maximize light output yielding the highest counting efficiency. The scintillating windows form the basis of TR-LSC to achieve unprecedented low backgrounds and the highest signal-to-noise ratio. With homogeneous techniques, the column eluate is mixed with the liquid scintillation cocktail and passed through the flow cell. Homogeneous techniques are preferred to heterogeneous techniques for low energy isotopes such as 3 H and molecules with high molecular weight. Chemical quenching that may be introduced by homogeneous counting of eluates, such as solvent gradients, peptides, proteins, lipids, saccharides, and phenolic compounds, can be minimized by characterizing the sample. Display and analyze radiolabeled samples using Spectrum Analysis to accurately set energy windows and optimize counting conditions. Quench correction curves are automatically generated to obtain the most accurate DPM results. A 1024 channel MCA allows characterization of the sample to eliminate contributions including background and luminescence and to minimize effects of chemical quenching. Integrated Flow Path Reduces Cocktail Consumption and Minimizes Waste Generation Unlike other radio-hplc detectors, Radiomatic flow scintillation analyzers feature a built-in flow control system. An integrated cocktail pump delivers precise and accurate flow rates from 0.4 ml per minute to 20 ml per minute. The cocktail pump can be programmed to be activated only on demand. When you require sample recovery, simply program the electronic stream splitter to send any portion from 0%, 2% to 98%, and 100% to a fraction collector while the remainder is directed to the flow cell for counting. There is more. A waste management system separates cold waste from hot waste, dramatically reducing the volume of radioactive waste. The integrated flow control system also features a pressure sensor and flow diverter to monitor overpressure conditions. Flow is diverted away from the flow cell into the waste container.
Heterogeneous Detection Reduces Waste and Recovers Sample Packard s proprietary SolarScint TM cocktail provides superb resolution without the memory effects of many other packed scintillators. For applications that require total sample recovery, Packard offers a wide range of heterogeneous flow cells. Now, you can reduce radioactive waste with cocktail free counting for a wide range of applications. Your Choice of Solid Scintillators Choose from a variety of solid scintillators compatible with many applications. Particle sizes vary from 35 µm to 250 µm. Small particle sizes mean maximum light output and high counting efficiency. Choose from cerium activated lithium glass, cerium doped yttrium silicate, and a new advanced proprietary scintillator, SolarScint. SolarScint: A New Advanced Scintillator The inertness of SolarScint means compounds with complex matrices will not adsorb to the scintillating particles. No peak broadening, no contamination, and no memory effects. SolarScint is TR-LSC compatible resulting in low backgrounds and high signal-to-noise ratio. With small particle sizes of 35 µm to 60 µm, efficiency is better than 65% for 14 C. High Performance Flow Cells for Normal and Micro-Volume Applications Packard s high performance flow cells are packed with scintillating particles for normal HPLC and micro-volume HPLC. For mass spectrometry applications where peak resolution and minimizing dead volume are important, this specially constructed flow cell provides less than 1 µl dead volume. In addition, the glass cartridges are replaceable. All packed scintillator flow cells, whether in Teflon tubing or glass cartridges, will eventually become contaminated. Replacing cartridges is more cost effective than replacing the entire flow cell. Packard also offers Calcium Fluoride solid scintillator cells through special order.
Gamma Flow Cells with the Performance of a Discrete Gamma Counter Packard s Gamma-C and Gamma-B flow cells are ideally suited for high performance flow scintillation analysis of samples labeled with low and high energy gamma emitters. The exclusive design of the gamma flow cells with special scintillating windows Gamma-C, Gamma-B, and provides high PET flow cells counting efficiency, without the expenditure of cocktail. The Gamma-B flow cell for mid to high energy gamma emitters such as 111 In, 22 Na, and 99m Tc use special BGO scintillating windows. The high specific gravity of the Gamma-B flow cell nears and sometimes exceeds the performance of a discrete gamma counter using a 3 inch NaI detector. The Gamma-C flow cell incorporates europium doped calcium fluoride scintillating windows to yield better than 85% efficiency for 125 I and other soft gamma emitters. Packard s unique use of the multichannel analyzer allows an accurate spectra of the sample to be displayed and analyzed. Background and other interferences are eliminated. Use Spectrum Analysis to characterize the 99m Tc labeled sample. Accurately set a counting window from 10 to 85 kev to surround the photo peak and double-photon artifact.
PET and Specialty Flow Cells Expand Radio-HPLC Applications Packard s unique PET flow cell design optically isolates the BGO windows to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. PET Flow Cell The exclusive design of the PET flow cell is especially suited for the analysis of radiolabeled pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in PET applications. The PET flow cell incorporates optically isolated BGO windows resulting in superior signal-to-noise ratios. The high density and thickness of the BGO windows allow the 511 kev gamma rays to be more efficiently converted to photons. Packard s exclusive multichannel analyzer allows you to accurately set energy windows around the photo peak. The combination of MCA and the PET flow cell: 32 P Flow Cell For applications with high energy beta emitters such as 32 P, a Cerenkov flow cell provides high performance counting. For Cerenkov counting, efficiencies greater than 35% and backgrounds of only 1 to 2 CPM can be achieved. This flow cell utilizes cocktail free counting and requires high specific activity. This flow cell is ideal for preparative HPLC. Eliminates all crosstalk. Reduces background to 10-13 CPM. Delivers superior signal-to-noise ratio. Rejects external radiation.
Worldwide Chemical and Technical Support for Any Application The Ultima-Flo family of environmentally safer cocktails. Packard s Flow Scintillation Analyzer Application Bibliography Recognizes Researchers Worldwide Packard s Radiomatic systems are the most cited radio- HPLC systems worldwide. Our current bibliography, available on request, cites over 1400 articles in open scientific literature describing results of research conducted using Radiomatic flow scintillation analyzers. Topics include chemical synthesis, drug metabolism, toxicology, other pharmaceutical studies, and agricultural/ industrial quality control. Packard Instrument Company 800 Research Parkway Meriden, CT 06450 U.S.A. Tel: 203-639-2598 Toll Free: 1-800-323-1891 Customer Support: 1-800-445-7426 Fax: 203-639-2172 Web site: http://www.packardinstrument.com E-mail: webmaster@packardinstrument.com Packard International Offices: Australia +(61)-3-95434266; Austria +(43)-1-2702504; Belgium +(32)-2-4818530; Canada (Main Office) +(1)-905-673-8028; Central Europe +(43)-2-23037000; Denmark +(45)-43-909023; France +(33)-1-46862775; Germany +(49) 6103 385151; Italy +(39)-02-33910796; Japan +(81)-3-38665850; Netherlands +(31)-50-5445900; Russia +(7095)-7880934; Switzerland +(41)-1-4816944; United Kingdom +(44)-118-9844981 M3671 8/00 Printed in U.S.A. Safer Flow Detection Cocktails Packard's biodegradable cocktails for use in flow scintillation analyzers, the Ultima-Flo TM family, were developed to address the concerns of environmental safety. These environmentally safer cocktails satisfy all of the applications covered by the original, classical solvent based Flo-Scint cocktails. The high loading capacity of the Ultima-Flo cocktails means less cocktail required, longer residence times and higher sensitivity. Each cocktail has low viscosity and nongelling properties even at high sample loads ensuring trouble free counting and lower back pressures. Ultima-Flo cocktails resist quench, providing higher counting efficiencies and more counts per peak. Features High sample load capacity High counting efficiency and quench resistance Low viscosity Nongelling Compatible with TR-LSC technology Biodegradable High flash-point of approximately 140 C The Ultima-Flo Family Ultima-Flo M For multipurpose applications Ultima-Flo AF For Ammonium Formate gradients Ultima-Flo AP For Ammonium Phosphate gradients and multipurpose applications Finding New Ways to Provide a Quality Solution Packard s team of sales, service, and support personnel are ready to assist you. We strive for customer satisfaction by understanding applications and providing the best instrumentation and technologies to help our customers achieve their goals. Packard s products are designed and manufactured under an ISO 9001 certified system. They are designed, built, and tested in conformance with appropriate CSA, FCC, and IEC standards. Radiomatic, SolarScint, Ultima-Flo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Packard BioScience or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. 2000, Packard BioScience Company. All rights reserved.