Standard 1: Science as Inquiry Benchmark 1 Techniques Math and technology Lab procedures Designs investigations, including developing questions, gathering and analyzing data, and designing and conducting research 1.1.2 Develops and evaluates research questions. 1.1.1 Correctly uses the appropriate technological tools and mathematics in their own scientific investigations 1.1.3 Actively engages in conducting an inquiry, formulating and revising his or her scientific explanations and models (physical, conceptual, or mathematical) using logic and evidence, and recognizing that potential alternative explanations and models should be considered. 1.1.4 Communicates (reports) and defends the design, results, and conclusion of his/her investigation. 1.1.5 Understands methods used to test hypotheses about the cause of a remote past event (historical hypothesis) that cannot be confirmed by experiment and/or direct The student will demonstrate abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry. Designs and investigations, including developing questions, gathering and analyzing data, and designing and conducting research. 1.1.2 Correctly uses the appropriate technological tools and mathematics in their own scientific investigations. 1.1.3 Actively engages in conducting an inquiry, formulating and revising his or her scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence, and recognizing that potential alternative explanations and models 1.1.4 Designs and investigations, including developing questions, gathering and analyzing data, and designing and conducting research. 1.1.2 Correctly uses the appropriate technological tools and mathematics in their own scientific investigations. 1.1.3 Actively engages in conducting an inquiry, formulating and revising his or her scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence, and recognizing that potential alternative explanations and models 1.1.4 Design and perform investigations using math and technology, data collection and analysis, and report results. 1.1.1 Design and perform investigations using math and technology, data collection and analysis, and report results. 1.1.1 Black represents new revisions Applies scientific inquiry techniques to the design and development of scientific experiments and the reporting of results. (RED is former) Uses technology and mathematics to develop, analyze, and defend scientific models. Evaluates laboratory procedures through peer review and replication. Design and perform investigations using math and technology, data collection and analysis, and report results. 1.1.1 Uses technology and mathematics to develop, analyze, and defend scientific models. Evaluates laboratory procedures through peer review and replication. Applies scientific inquiry techniques to the design and development of scientific experiments and the reporting of results. Uses technology and mathematics to develop, analyze, and defend scientific models. Evaluates laboratory procedures through peer review and replication. Updated June 29, 2007 1
observation by formulating competing hypotheses and then collecting the kinds of data (evidence) that would support one and refute the other. 1.1.6 Standard 2A: Chemistry Benchmark 1: The student will understand the structure of the atom. Atoms atoms, the fundamental organizational unit of matter, are composed of subatomic particles, organized in a small, dense, positively charged nucleus (containing protons and neutrons which determines the atomic mass) and surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud (containing electrons, which determines the size of the atom). 2a.1.1 atoms, the fundamental organizational unit of matter, are composed of subatomic particles, organized in a small, dense, positively charged nucleus (containing protons and neutrons which determines the atomic mass) and surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud (containing electrons, which determines the size of the atom). 2a.1.1 Diagrams the structure of atoms and identifies charges of subatomic particles. 2a.1.1 Benchmark 2: The student will understand the states and properties of matter. Isotopes Periodic table Understands chemists use kinetic and potential energy to explain the physical and chemical properties of matter on earth. Matter may exist in any of these three states: solids, liquids, and gases. 2a.2.1 periodic table lists elements according to increasing atomic periodic table lists elements according to increasing atomic Kinetic and potential energy determines the states of matter. 2a.2.1 The periodic table organizes the elements by trends. 2.a.2.2 Diagrams the structure of atoms and identifies charges of subatomic particles. 2a.1.1 Defines isotopes and radioactivity and describes the uses of each. 2a.1.2 Kinetic and potential energy determines the states of matter. 2a.2.1 The periodic table organizes the elements by trends. 2.a.2.2 Updated June 29, 2007 2
Energy Gases number. This table organizes physical and chemical trends by groups, periods, and categories. 2a.2.2 chemical bonds result when valence electrons are transferred or shared between atoms. Ionic compounds result from atoms transferring electrons. Molecular compounds result from atoms sharing electrons. 2a.2.3 number. This table organizes physical and chemical trends by groups, periods, and categories. 2a.2.2 chemical bonds result when valence electrons are transferred or shared between atoms. Ionic compounds result from atoms transferring electrons. Molecular compounds result from atoms sharing electrons. 2a.2.3 Benchmark 3: The student will gain a basic concept of chemical reactions. Elements and compounds Reactions Reactions Conservation of a chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances (reactants) react to form a different chemical substance(s) (products). 2a.3.1 Understands there are different types of chemical reactions all of which demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass (e.g., synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single and double replacement, acid/base, and oxidation/reduction). 2a.3.2 a chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances (reactants) react to form a different chemical substance(s) (products). 2a.3.1 Updated June 29, 2007 3
mass Reactions Reactions Acids and bases Standard 2B: Physics Benchmark 1: The student will understand the relationships between force and motion. Motion Newton s 3 Laws Attracting forces Electricity Understands physicists use conservation laws to analyze the motion of objects. 2b.1.2 Newton s Laws and the kinematic variables of time, position, velocity, and acceleration can be used to describe the position and motion of particles. 2b.1.1 Newton s Laws and the kinematic variables of time, position, velocity, and acceleration can be used to describe the position and motion of particles. 2b.1.1 Understands physicists use conservation laws to analyze motion of objects. 2b.1.2 *Understands Newton s Laws and the variables of time, position, velocity, and acceleration can be used to describe the position and motion of particles. 2b.1.1 Compares and contrasts the attractive forces created by gravity and/or charged particles. Analyzes the relationship between electricity and magnetism and the impact of both on electromagnetic forces. Describes motion of objects in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Analyzes and applies Newton s Three Laws of Motions. Updated June 29, 2007 4
Circular motion Benchmark 2: The student will understand the conservation of mass and energy, and the First & Second Laws of Thermodynamics. Energy Conservation of matter Understands matter has energy. Mass and energy can be interchanged. The total energy in the universe is constant, but the type of energy may vary. 2b.2.1 first law of thermodynamics states the total internal energy of a substance (the sum of all the kinetic and potential energies of its constituent molecules) will change only if heat is exchanged with the environment or work is done on or by the substance. In any physical interaction, the total energy in the universe is conserved. 2b.2.2 Understands the Second Law of Thermodynamics states the entropy of a system isolated from transfer of matter and/or energy will not decrease. 2b.2.3 first law of thermodynamics states the total internal energy of a substance (the sum of all the kinetic and potential energies of its constituent molecules) will change only if heat is exchanged with the environment or work is done on or by the substance. In any physical interaction, the total energy in the universe is conserved. 2b.2.2 Matter has energy. 2b.2.1 Conservation of energy. 2b.2.2 Energy flows from hot to cold. 2b.2.3 Investigates circular motion and the forces creating such motion. Matter has energy. Mass and energy can be interchanged. The total energy in the universe is constant, but the type of energy may vary.2b.2.1 *Understands the first law of thermodynamics states the total internal energy of a substance will change only if heat is exchanged with the environment or work on or by the substance. In any physical interaction, the total energy in the universe is conserved. 2b2.2 Understands the second law of thermodynamics that states the entropy of the universe is increasing. 2b.2.3 Heat Investigates through laboratory Investigates circular motion and the forces creating such motion. Describes and differentiates among different types of energy (kinetic, potential, heat, electromagnetic). Identifies realworld examples of the laws of conservation of matter and energy. Investigates through laboratory Updated June 29, 2007 5
Benchmark 3: The student will understand the nature of the fundamental interactions of matter and energy. Waves Electromagnetic waves have energy and can transfer energy when they interact with matter. 2b.3.2 electromagnetic waves result when a charged particle is accelerated or decelerated. 2b.3.3 waves have energy and can transfer energy when they interact with matter. 2b.3.2 electromagnetic waves result when a charged particle is accelerated or decelerated. 2b.3.3 Attraction/repulsion properties of atoms. 2b.3.1 procedures aspects of heat including temperature, flow, and thermodynamics. *Understands waves have energy and can transfer energy when they interact with matter. 2b.3.3 *Understands electromagnetic waves result when a charged particle is accelerated or decelerated. 2b.3.5 procedures aspects of heat including temperature, flow, and thermodynamics. Compares and contrasts all aspects of transverse and longitudinal waves. Light Electromagnetic spectrum. 2b.3.3 Electric Circuits Conductors Standard 3: Life Science Benchmark 1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. Cell function cell functions involve specific chemical reactions. 3.1.2 cell functions involve specific chemical reactions. 3.1.2 Explains how cells function and replicate as a result of information stored Evaluates both theories used to explain the behavior of light (particle theory vs. wave theory). Identifies the types of electrical circuits and their components. Evaluates conductors and insulators on a continuum. Identifies the types of electrical circuits and their components. Updated June 29, 2007 6
in DNA and RNA molecules. Benchmark 2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of chromosomes, genes, and the molecular basis of heredity. Heredity living organisms contain DNA and RNA as their genetic material, which provides the instructions that specify the characteristics of organisms. 3.2.1 DNA hereditary information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell. 3.2.3 living organisms contain DNA and RNA as their genetic material, which provides the instructions that specify the characteristics of organisms. 3.2.1 hereditary information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell. 3.2.3 Benchmark 3: The student will understand the major concepts of the theory of biological evolution. organisms vary widely within and between populations. Variation allows for natural selection to occur. 3.3.4 organisms vary widely within and between populations. Variation allows for natural selection to occur. 3.3.4 Describes how DNA and RNA provide the instructions that specify the characteristics of organisms. Describes how genetic traits carried on genes and chromosomes influence inherited characteristics. Benchmark 4: The student will understand the interdependence of organisms and their interaction with the physical environment. Biodiversity Interdepende nce Energy in ecosystems atoms and molecules on the earth cycle among the living and nonliving components of the biosphere. 3.4.1 distributions and abundance of organisms and populations in ecosystems are limited by the carrying capacity. 3.4.3 atoms and molecules on the earth cycle among the living and nonliving components of the biosphere. 3.4.1 distributions and abundance of organisms and populations in ecosystems are limited by the carrying capacity. 3.4.3 Updated June 29, 2007 7
Benchmark 5: The student will develop an understanding of matter, energy, and organization in living systems. sun is the primary source of energy for life through the process of photosynthesis. 3.5.2 food molecules contain biochemical energy, which is then available for cellular respiration. 3.5.3 sun is the primary source of energy for life through the process of photosynthesis. 3.5.2 food molecules contain biochemical energy, which is then available for cellular respiration. 3.5.3 Benchmark 6: The student will understand the behavior of animals. animals have behavioral responses to internal changes and external stimuli 3.6.1 animals have behavioral responses to internal changes and external stimuli 3.6.1 Explains how the energy contained in food nutrients is made available through cellular respiration. Benchmark 7: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of structure and function in organisms. Photosynthesis Respiration Organization Understands differences in structure and function among organisms and can identify the charac-teristics of relevant life forms. 3.7.1 Outlines the levels and organization of human body systems. Anatomy Describes the anatomy and physiology of each of the eleven body systems: Integumentary (skin) Skeletal Muscular Endocrine Respiratory Circulatory Digestive Updated June 29, 2007 8
Excretory Reproductive Immune Nervous Benchmark 8: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of structure and function in organisms & their human relationships and medical effects. Research Standard 4: Earth and Space Science Benchmark 1: The student will develop an understanding of the sources of energy that power the subsystems and cycles of the dynamic Earth: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Energy sources Drift Crusts Tectonic plates Tectonic stress Circulation Climate Understands constructive and destructive processes dynamically reshape the surface of the Earth. 4.1.1 theory of plate tectonics explains that internal energy drives the Earth s ever changing structure. 4.1.2 theory of plate tectonics explains that internal energy drives the Earth s ever changing structure. 4.1.2 Understands that the ultimate source of atmospheric and oceanic energy comes from the Sun. Energy flow determines global climate and weather which is influenced by geographic features, cloud cover, and the Earth s rotation. 4.1.3 Benchmark 2: The student will develop an understanding of the origin and development of the dynamic Earth system. geological Diagrams and Updated June 29, 2007 9
time is used to understand the Earth s past. 4.2.1 geological time is used to understand the Earth s past. 4.2.1 explains the water cycle. Benchmark 3: The student will develop an understanding of dynamics of our solar system. Understands gravitational attraction of objects in the solar system keeps solar system objects in orbit. Solar system 4.3.1 relationship between the Earth, Moon, and Sun explains the seasons, tides and moon phases. 4.3.2 Understands the relative sizes and distances of objects in the solar system. 4.3.3 Understands the Sun, Earth, and other objects in the solar system formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas. 4.3.4 relationship between the Earth, Moon, and Sun explains the seasons, tides and moon phases. 4.3.2 Benchmark 4: The student will develop an understanding of the organization of the universe and its development. Origin of universe Star life current scientific explanation of the origin and structure of the universe. 4.4.2 current scientific explanation of the origin and structure of the universe. 4.4.2 Understands stellar evolution. 4.4.1 Standard 5: Technology Benchmark 1: The student will develop an understanding that technology is applied science. technology is the application of scientific knowledge for functional purposes. 5.1.1 technology is the application of scientific knowledge for functional purposes. 5.1.1 technology is the application of scientific knowledge for functional purposes. 5.1.1 Technology is the application of science for functional purposes. 5.1.1 Summarizes and reports on current events in science and technology. Summarizes and reports on current events in science and technology. Technology is the application of science for functional purposes. 5.1.1 Creativity and Creativity and Summarizes and reports on current events in science and technology. Updated June 29, 2007 10
imagination, broad knowledge base. 5.1.2 Science advances technology. 5.1.3 imagination, broad knowledge base.5.1.1 Science advances technology. 5.1.3 Standard 6: Science in Personal and Environmental Perspectives Benchmark 1: The student will develop an understanding of the overall functioning of human systems & their interaction with the environment in order to understand specific mechanisms & processes related to health issues. Hazards Personal choices severity of disease symptoms is dependent on many factors. 6.1.2 severity of disease symptoms is dependent on many factors. 6.1.2 severity of disease symptoms is dependent on many factors. 6.1.2 Hazards and accidents can be avoided through safety. 6.1.1 Accidents can be prevented, controlled, or cured. 6.1.2 Decisions for health and fitness. 6.1.3 Eating patterns affect emotional and physical well-being. 6.1.4 Identifies possible hazards that might be encountered during experiments with chemicals. Uses knowledge of chemistry to make and evaluate personal choices related to health and fitness. Analyzes the ingredients of a chemical product in an effort to use it effectively. Uses knowledge of biology to make evaluate personal choices related to health and fitness. Benchmark 2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of population growth. Benchmark 3: The student will understand that human populations use natural resources and influence environmental quality. natural resources from the lithosphere and ecosystems are required to sustain human populations. 6.3.1 natural resources from the lithosphere and ecosystems are required to sustain human populations. 6.3.1 natural resources from the lithosphere and ecosystems are required to sustain human populations. 6.3.1 Natural resources sustain populations. 6.3.1 Earth has finite resources. 6.3.2 Hazards and accidents can be avoided through safety. 6.1.1 Accidents can be prevented, controlled, or cured. 6.1.2 Decisions for health and fitness. 6.1.3 ting patterns affect emotional and physical well-being. 6.1.4 Natural resources sustain populations 6.3.1 Earth has finite resources. 6.3.2 Benchmark 4: The student will understand the effect of natural and human-influenced hazards. Natural processes are Natural processes Updated June 29, 2007 11
hazardous to humans. 6.4.1 Benchmark 5: The student will develop an understanding of the relationship between science, technology, and society. Social issues influence science and technology. 6.5.1 are hazardous to humans. 6.4.1 Social issues influence science and technology. 6.5.1 Standard 7: History and Nature of Science Benchmark 1: The student will develop an understanding that science is a human endeavor that uses models to describe and explain the physical universe. explains how science uses peer review, replication of methods, and norms of honesty. 7.1.2 Explains how science uses peer review, replication or methods, and norms of honesty. 7.1.2 Explains how science uses peer review, replication or methods, and norms of honesty. 7.1.2 Peer review and replication. 7.1.2 Issues involve morals, ethics, values or spiritual beliefs. 7.1.5 Benchmark 2: The student will develop an understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge. Science explains the natural world. 7.2.1 Data observation is the first step to knowledge. 7.2.2 Scientific method. 7.2.3 Evidence supports a hypothesis. 7.2.4 Benchmark 3: The student will develop science from historical perspectives. Significant contributions of scientists. 7.3.1 Peer review and replication. 7.1.2 Issues involve morals, ethics, values or spiritual beliefs. 7.1.5 Science explains the natural world. 7.2.1 Data observation is the first step to knowledge. 7.2.2 Scientific method. 7.2.3 Evidence supports a hypothesis. 7.2.4 Describes the influence of significant people and events on the development of science. Describes the influence of significant people and events on the development of science. Significant contributions of scientists. 7.3.1 Describes the influence of significant people and events on the development of science. 33 objectives 17 objectives 31 objectives 19 objectives 14 objectives 25 objectives 15 objectives Updated June 29, 2007 12