Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems

Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems

Introductory Questions What are the common structures that make up all living things? CELLS What do you think are the basic materials involved in the metabolism of all cells? Food, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Water

What do you think happens when the cells use up their food and oxygen before there is time to replenish it? They cells can not function death. Blood Cell Cancer cell Plant cell

What are tissues? Tissues are groups of similar cells joined to perform the same function.

What is Cytology? The study of cells.

Cell alive animation tutorial Use Am I in a Plant cell or Animal Cell worksheet

Characteristics of Living Things

What are the eight characteristics of Living Things - GRAMMERS Grow Reproduce Adapt Movement Metabolism Excretion Respond Size and Shape

What is photosynthesis? This is a process where green plants use sun energy to make sugar and starch from carbon dioxide and water.

CELL THEORY A. Living things are composed of cells The cell is the basic unit of life. Every living thing is either a cell or contains cells. What is the function of a cell? A cell takes in fuel and builds material, transforms energy, grows and reproduces. The cells of all species are pretty much the same in the way they are built and the way they work.

CELL THEORY B. Cells come from previously existing cells

Page 17 Questions 1,2 and 3 Questions 1. What are the important differences between living and non-living things? 2. Are volcanoes living things? Explain. 3. Name at least one characteristic of living things that is shown in each of the following examples: a. A plant bends towards the light. b. A tadpole develops into a frog. c. Human lungs breathe out carbon dioxide. d. A blue jay feeds on sunflower seeds. e. A cat gives birth to kittens.

Answers to Questions 1. Living things are composed of cells, require energy, respond to environmental stimuli, reproduce, produce wastes and have a life span. 2. No, volcanoes are not living things. Although they appear to possess some of the characteristics of living things such as growth and breathing out waste gases, they do not possess all the characteristics. For example, volcanoes are not make of cells. 3. A. Plant is responds to environmental stimuli, the light. B. Living things produce offspring like themselves. Eventually, the tadpole matures into a frog. Also, living things have a life span. The tadpole represents one of the life-stages for the frog.

c. Living things produce wastes. Carbon dioxide is a waste that is expelled from the body. d. Living things require energy. The seed provides chemical energy for the blue jay. e. Living things produce offspring like themselves.

The Cell as a Living System The cell is a system yet part of a larger system The parts of the cellular system are called organelles Each organelle has a specific composition, structure, and function that contributes to the overall function of the cellular system

Structure of cells Plant Cell Animal Cell Tissues, Organs and Systems Cell Division

What are Procaryotic and Eucaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or organelles enclosed within membranes. Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus or organelles that are surrounded by membranes. Each organelle does a specific cell function. Example: Plant and Animal cell

Organelles of the Cell Nucleus Cell wall Chromosomes Vacuole Ribosomes Cell Membrane Chloroplast Cytoplasm Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes On pages 20-21 & 26-27 and your notes have definition for each organelle. You can also refer to the website: Structures of plant and animal cells

Plant and Animal Cell What is it?

What is missing in a Procaryotic Cell?

Using the link below cell alive review the plant and animal cell. Click on each organelle and read its description. Once you have explored each cell continue on and complete the quiz on cell biology Cell alive animation tutorial

How do cells move? Some cells have tails called flagellum. Flagellum is a whip-like tail that helps some cells move. Sperm Bacteria

Flagellum are often found on sperm and during the early evolution of seed plants. Cilia are tiny hairs surrounding the cells. These short hairs moving together allow the cell to move around.

Comparing plants and animals Some differences between plants and animals: Animals can t make their own food like most plants can. Most animals can move from place to place due to their nervous, muscular and skeletal systems. Most plants are immobile due to the cellulose in their cells and their roots which anchor them firmly in the soil. Most plant cells have cellulose, a strong,elastic material, in their cell walls while most animals do not. Animals have a limited growth scheme. Once they have attained a particular size and shape, they change very little after maturity. On the other hand, maximum size and shape of plants within a given species is variable and depends on the environment.

Misconceptions of plant and animal cells Not all plants contain chloroplasts but these of course are absent in the onion skin cells since this section of the onion is part of the bulb which grows under the soil. All cells are not the same size and shape. Cells make tissues, organs, skeletons.

Cells in Their Environment What is found in a cell membrane? The cell membrane is composed of two layers of long molecules that are fluid and slide around one another. The cell membrane controls the entrance and exit of molecule to and from the cell.

What is diffusion in the cell theory? Diffusion is the spreading of the molecules of one substance throughout the molecules of another. Moving from an area of high concentration to a place where their is a low concentration. The diffusing material always tries to reach a balance though equally distributing itself within a given space

For Example: If a bottle of perfume is left opened in an enclosed room, eventually the molecules of the perfume will become evenly distributed throughout the space inside the bottle and the room. Once the doors and windows are opened, the perfume molecules spread out further, always trying to reach equal distribution throughout the space in which they can move. Air freshener Activity

Key Question: Diffusion 1. How does the process of diffusion occur at the cell membrane?

Osmosis The transfer of water through a membrane from dilute solutions to more concentrated solutions is osmosis Osmosis doesn't require energy. The particles of water move higher to lower concentration. In this case, the water moves through the root cells to give life to the plant. Interactive Osmosis animation. Follow the instructions and complete worksheet. Osmosis animation #2