Physical Properties of Matter SC.8.P.8.4 Classify and compare substances on the basis of characteristic physical properties that can be demonstrated or measured; for example, density, thermal or electrical conductivity, solubility, magnetic properties, melting and boiling points, and know that these properties are independent of the amount of the sample.
Before we can discuss physical properties of matter, we need to know What is Matter?
Is it matter or not? Make a T-chart sound glass cells wood balloons atoms water jello energy electricity copper thoughts light flame smoke oxygen ashes dust lead heat air
Pair Read Matter-Introduction answer questions below T-chart Correct T-chart
Is it matter or not? N sound Y glass Y cells Y wood Y balloons Y atoms Y water Y jello N energy N electricity Y copper N thoughts N light Y flame Y smoke Y oxygen Y ashes Y dust Y lead N heat Y air
So What is Matter? Matter is anything that: takes up space has mass made up of atoms or subatomic particles You don t always see it but it is there.
So why is energy NOT a form of matter? Energy is not matter, but it can move matter. Energy is in the form of waves, it does not have mass nor does it take up space.
Properties of Matter Properties are the qualities that a particular type of matter has. Can be referred to as traits or characteristics Include both physical and chemical properties
Physical Properties of matter Density malleability viscosity Thermal conductivity luster cohesion Electrical conductivity ductility elasticity Solubility Magnetism Melting point Boiling point hardness shape state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) can you think of any more?
Density density, mass, weight, volume video
Finding mass The best tool to find mass is a triple beam balance aka: balance beam how to use a balance beam video Balance beam practice virtual
We are going to be looking at physical properties of matter that are independent of the size of the sample, which is most of them. What does independent of the size of the sample mean? No matter how much of a specific piece of matter you have, certain physical properties of that type of matter remain the same.
Some physical properties of water and iron Example: pure liquid water Boiling point 100 C (212 F) Melting point 0 C (32 F) Density 1 g/ml Electrical conductivity: no It is cohesive to glass Example: pure iron Boiling point 3000 C (5400 F) Melting point 1536 C (2797 F) Density 7.87 g/cm 3 Electrical conductivity: yes No matter how much iron you have, it still has a density of 7.87 g/cm 3
density Mass per unit volume The amount of stuff (mass) packed in a space (volume) Examples: MATERIAL DENSITY (g/cm 3 or g/ml) Rubbing alcohol 0.79 Pure water 1.0 Baby oil 0.83 The more dense material The less dense material Vegetable oil 0.92
Thermal conductivity misconceptions about temperature video The ability of a material to transfer heat Metals are good conductors Nonmetals like Wood and foam are poor conductors (insulators) Heat transfers from hotter to colder
Electrical conductivity The ability of a material to allow the flow of electric current Metals conduct electricity How do batteries work?
solubility The amount of a substance that can dissolve in another substance at a specific temperature. phet solubility interactive
Magnetic properties The ability of a substance to attract a magnet How magnets are made
Melting point The temperature at which a substance changes from a Solid to a liquid. Melting Point = Freezing Point (liquid to a solid) How is water weird video
Boiling point The temperature at which a substance changes from a Liquid to a gas
Chemical vs Physical Properties Day 1 Property - qualities of a particular type of matter, traits, characteristics Chemical Property - the ability of a substance to change into a new substance Physical Property - an observable characteristic that does NOT change the identity of the substance
Physical Properties Review Used to describe matter Observed without changing the identity of the substance Every substance has a unique set of physical properties Different substances have different physical properties Different amounts of the same substance have the same physical properties / Properties are independent of the amount of the sample In fluids, substances settle out based on their relative densities (most dense sinks to the bottom) Comparison of physical properties is used to identify unknown substances.
Chemical vs Physical Properties Day 2 Venn Diagram 1. Boiling point 2. Burning 3. Change in state 4. Characteristic of matter 5. Density 6. Dissolving 7. Formation of a gas 8. Melting 9. New substance 10. Photosynthesis 11. Reaction 12. Rotting 13. Rusting 14. Substance does not change
Density Practice Problems The density of a substance is a measure of how much mass is packed into a certain volume of the substance. Substances with a high density, like steel, have molecules that are packed together tightly. Substances with a low density, like cork, have fewer molecules packed into the same amount of space.
1. What is the density of CO gas if 0.196 g occupies a volume of 100 ml?
2. A block of wood 4 cm on each side has a mass of 27 g. What is the density of the block? (Hint, don t forget to find the volume of the wood.)
3. An irregularly shaped stone was lowered into a graduated cylinder holding a volume of water equal to 2 ml. The height of the water rose to 7 ml. If the mass of the stone was 25 g, what was its density?
4. A 10.0 cm 3 sample of copper has a mass of 89.6 g. What is the density of copper?
5. Iron has a density of 7.87 g/cm 3. If you have a sample of iron with a volume of 12.71 cm 3, how much mass of the sample would you have?
6. You have a sample of 200g of gold which has a density of 19.32 g/cm 3, what is the volume of your sample?
7. Silver has a density of 10.5 grams/cm 3 and gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm 3. Which would have the greater mass, 5cm 3 of silver or 5cm 3 of gold?
Virtual lab - identify mystery substances using physical (density, boiling point, melting point) and chemical (flame color) properties