ENTOMOLOGY FOR MASTER GARDENERS Jean R. Natter 2011 Terminology Anatomy of insects & spiders Development 8 Insect Orders Insect ID key 2 Scientific name Genus name (genera) species name (species) Common name (Larry Hodgson, Utah State University) 3 4 soldier fly larvae Worm Grub (Jean R. Natter) Grub-worm worm grub grub-worm Complete (4 life stages) egg larva pupa adult hatch emerge Incomplete (3 life stages) egg nymph adult hatch 5 6 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 1
wing pads wings (Black cutworm David Shetlar, Ohio State University) egg 1 st - 6 th instars pupa adult (Hairy chinch bug: David Shetlar, Ohio State University) egg 1 st - 5th instars (nymphs) adult 7 8 1. Dorsal 2. Ventral 3. Lateral 4. Proximal 5. Distal 6. Anterior 7. Posterior 1 6 7 2 4 3 5 compound eyes ocellus (ocelli) antenna (L: NCSU; R: Shutterpoint) 9 10 beetle big-eyed bug ten-lined beetle aphid (mateo86 Flickr) University of Sydney 11 dragonfly (Insectimages.org) carpenter ant 11 (WDFW) 12 12 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 2
head thorax abdomen 13 14 attached to thorax forewings hindwings attached to thorax 15 16 (J.R. Natter) 17 18 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 3
head thorax abdomen SPIDER ANATOMY (THE ORDER ARACHNIDA) true legs (Evergreen College) 19 20 cephalo-thorax abdomen female male 21 22 attached to thorax Araneus diadematus 23 24 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 4
golden argiope crab spider jumping spider (UCI) wolf spider (J. R. Natter) 25 26 (Utah State University) 2-spot spider mite; a pest predatory mite Flattened body with 2 parts head trunk Legs: 1 pair/segment Antennae No wings Beneficial (University of Sydney) 27 28 Rounded body with 2 parts head trunk Legs: 2 pair per segment Antennae No wings Scavenger (Ken Gray Images, OSU) (University of Sydney;) 29 MOUTHPARTS 30 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 5
Chewing Sucking piercing-sucking siphoning Rasping-sucking Chewing-lapping black vine root weevil (Ken Gray Images) ground beetle tiger beetle 31 (UMN) 32 (University of Alberta) 32 (Utah Fruit Pests) Fruit damage Dimple or pit w/corky bump at base Damage at flowering or shortly afterward Sporadic 33 34 aphids honeydew scale distortion aphid sooty mold (Ken Gray Images, OSU) ( UC Davis) ( UC Davis) 35 36 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 6
spider mite (fine) leafhopper (coarse) Butterflies; moths; skippers Mouth is a coiled tube lace bug (luky) 37 38 Thrips Leaf surface silvery; a salt-and-pepper effect Flowers scarred (W. Cranshaw) Request samples The critters The damage Next Ask lots of questions UF 39 40 8 INSECT ORDERS coleo = sheath Metamorphosis: complete Larva (some are called grubs) 3 pair of legs, usually Mouth: chewing 41 42 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 7
Adult grub (Diagrams: NCSU; photo: UKY) Wings: 2 pair Forewings: hard; meet in straight line Hindwings: membranous Mouth: chewing 43 (Top: David R. Maddison, U AZ; Bottom: Parks Canada) 44 1 2 (Ken Gray Images, OSU) 3 3. larvae 4. pupa (TAMU) (bugguide.net) (nutmeg86 Flickr) 45 46 derm = skin; leathery Metamorphosis: simple Larva (nymph) Resembles adult Wing pads Adult Wings: 2 pair Forewings short, squared Hindwings under forewings Exposed abdomen Cerci ( pincers ) Mouth: chewing (Ken Gray Images) 47 48 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 8
di = two Metamorphosis: complete mosquito Larva (maggots & more) Maggots are worm-like Some larvae without legs Some lack head capsule Mouthparts chewing or hooks (NCSU) flesh fly fly maggot (NCSU) (UNL) 49 50 Adult Wings: 1 pair 2 nd pair = halteres Mouth: sponging; piercing haltere Spotted wing Drosophila (spotted wing fruit fly) Jean R. Natter (Wikipedia) G. Arakelian, Los Angeles County Agricultural Commission 51 (now = Heteroptera) hemi = half Metamorphosis: simple Larva (nymph) Resembles adult Wing pads Adult Wings: 2 pair Forewings: half = hard, half not Hindwings: membranous Triangle at base of forewings Mouth: piercing-sucking Antennae 53 54 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 9
green stink bug adult nymph 55 (Rutgers) (backyardnature.net) 56 harlequin bug Aphids Mealybugs Whiteflies Adelgids adult nymph ( Peter J. Bryant, UCI) 57 Scales Cicadas homo = same (mirror images) Metamorphosis: simple 58 Larva (nymph) May resemble adult May have wing pads Adult Wings: 2 pair, or none Membranous May be held tent-like Mouth: sucking The producers: Aphids Mealybugs Soft scale Adelgids Whiteflies Sooty mold grows on honeydew 59 60 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 10
aphid honeydew sooty mold (D J Mackean) 61 (J.R. Natter) (Missouri Botanic Garden) 62 ( ask.com) (NCSU) adult egg mass crawlers ( (Ken Gray Images) Photos, OSU) (Ken Gray Images) 63 64 hymen = membrane Metamorphosis: complete Larva Ants; bees; wasps: no legs Sawflies: 3 pair true legs, and 6-8 pair prolegs prolegs true legs 65 66 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 11
Adult Wings: 2 pair, or none Membranous Mouth: Chewing or sucking Pollinators; natural enemies; plant pests; & more honey bee bumble bee (Wikipedia) mason bee yellowjacket 67 (Ken Gray Images, OSU) (Ken Gray Images, OSU) 68 iso = equal Metamorphosis simple (Troy Bartlett) Larvae resemble adults Broad waist Wings: 2 pair; equal length; longer than body (HowStuffWorks) 69 70 ( Ken Gray Images, OSU) subterranean termite dampwood termite Verify: Antennae Waist Wings (J.R. Natter) ( Ken Gray Images, OSU) 71 72 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 12
lepido = scale Metamorphosis: complete cabbageworm inchworm Larva (caterpillar) 3 pair true legs; also, 2-5 pair prolegs Mouth: chewing prolegs looper (NCSU) prolegs true legs (wikipedia) true legs true legs prolegs 73 74 larva: polyphemus moth head true legs prolegs (2-5 pair) spiracles prolegs with crochets (Flickr; Lord V) (http://www.dpughphoto.com/moths.htm) 75 76 Adult (butterfly; moth) Wings: 2 pair; Colorful scales Mouth: siphoning Adults important as pollinators (NCSU) (California Academy of Sciences) 77 78 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 13
Predators Parasites Pathogens Purchase, or not? Aphid enemies: Lady beetle Ken Gray Images egg USING A DICHOTOMOUS KEY empty skin 84 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 14
box elder bug leaf-footed bug stink bug The key page 1 85 (Source: Insects, a Peterson s Field Guide) 86 The key page 2 (Source: Insects, a Peterson s Field Guide) 87 (Source: Insects, a Peterson s Field Guide) 88 -- 2011 ENTOMOLOGY Jean R. Natter 15