GEOPHYSICS BEYOND 21iii

Association of Exploration Geophysicists Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar & Exhibition GEOPHYSICS BEYOND 21iii Promoted by Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited Oil India Limited Schlumberger CGG Pan India Limited Geometries, U.S.A. Geoforschungs Zentrum, Germany Sponsored by Department of Science and Technology, (Govt. of India) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited Medallion Oil Company, U.S.A. i Co-sponsored by National Remote Sensing Agency Schlumberger Geco Prakla, Mumbai, India Command Petroleum (India) Pty Limited Scintrex Limited, Canada Andhra Pradesh State Remote Sensing Application Centre UB/TIB Hannover 89 118 947 818

CONTENTS PLENARY SESSION PS-1 Education Pattern for Geophysics Beyond 2000 A.D. 1 Hari Narain PS-2 Future Geophysical Technology Trends 7 Fred Aminzadeh and Ravi Singh PS-3 Mining Geophysics Beyond 2000 13 Harold O. Seigel ECONOMICS : EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION Lead Paper EEE-C1 Economics : Oil Exploration and Exploitation 19 B.B. Sharma and D.N. Avasthi EEE-1 Seismic Artefacts - A Case History 21 N.C. Nanda, R.J. Singh ands. Chopra EEE-2 Stochastic Characterisation of Gold Mineralisation Using MEM Spectrum and Markovian Models 24 D.D. Sarma EEE-3 GIS Application in Structural Modelling and Zonation for Exploration of Natural Resources - A case Study of Jwalamuhi Area, Himachal Pradesh 25 AtulSahai, Bamdeo Tripathi andr.d.garg EEE-4 Opportunities and the Future Challenges to Upstream Oil Industries - A Perspective 27 A. Saha, R\K. Bhatt and A.K. Pandey» INTERLINKAGES WITH OTHER SCIENCES Lead Paper EOS-C1 Petroleum Geochemistry and Geophysics - Linkages 29 Kuldeep Chandra, N.J. Thomas and M.N. Pandey EOS-1 EOS-2 Sustainable Utilization of Water Resource in Lapasiya Watershed Siwane Sub-Basin, Hazaribagh, Bihar Using Geographic Information System - A Case Study 39 Ashok Kumar, Bharat Bhushan Prasad and Ranjan Sinha Tectonics of a Part of Northern Peninsular India Deduced from Mesoscopic and Macroscopic Crustal Structures 42 Vaibhava Srivastava and V.K. Gairola

EOS-3 Study of Pre-Earthquake Thermal Anomalies in KiHari Area Through Satellite Data 45 S.K. Srivastav, Manoj Dangwal, A. Bhattacharya andp.r. Reddy EOS-4 Delineation of an Active Fault by a MEQ Survey in Indian Peninsular Shield Area, Munger, Bihar 47 Reena De, S.N. Chowdhury and D. Banerjee EOS-5 Study of Uttarkashi Earthquake in Terms of Rupture Model and Isoseismals 49 A. Joshi EOS-6 Deep Tectonic Processes in the Cuddapah Basin and Eastern Ghats 51 V.K. Rao and H.C. Tewari EOS-7 K-T Boundary Asteroidal Impact, Geodynamic Events and Continental Breakup along the Western Margin of India 52 P.K. Agrawal, O.P. Pandey andj.g. Negi EOS-8 Nature of Chaos and Limits of Predictability of Length of the Day (LOD) Fluctuations 55 R.K. Tewari, J.G. Negi andk.n.n. Rao EOS-9 Seismotectonics of Earthquake Swarms and their Patterns Characterising the Slow-Spreading Mid-Indian Ocean Ridges 58 M. Radha Krishna and S.K. Arora EOS-10 A Note on Historical Seismicity and Strain Deformation in Indian Shield 59 B. Ramalingeswara Rao EOS-11 Entorpy of Bouguer Anomaly of India and Isostatic Evo lution 60 J.G. Negi, A.P. Singh andr. Khanna EOS-12 Seismic Resolution : A Review 62 S.N. Dalei, D. Chatterjee and L.K. Marwah EOS-13 Statistics in Geological Sciences 68 P.S. Moharir EOS-14 Environment andjgeoprotection 70 K.N. Khattri \ EOS-15 Conflicting Conclusions from Geological vis-a-vis Geophysical Studies on Gondwana Land Reconstructions and their Implications on Oil/Gas Exploration in East Coast of India 71 V.V.Sastri REMOTE SENSING Lead Paper RS-C1 Operationalisation of Remote Sensing for National Development 75 D.P. Rao RS-1 Digital Analysis for Oil Pipeline Route Planning Across Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat 82 K. Vinod Kumar, A. Bhattacharya, P.R. Reddy and P.K. Deb

RS-2 Remote Sensing Applications in Geomorphology for Water Resources 84 B.S. Chaudhary RS-3 Comparative Study of Aerial and Satellite Thermal IR Images for Mine Fire Mapping 87 C.S.S. Reddy, Manoj Dangwal and A. Bhattacharya RS-4 RS-5 Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Watershed Management - A Case Study of Kallar Basin, V.O. Chidambaranar District, Tamil Nadu 90 S.K. Subramanian, G. Hanumantha Rao ands. V.C. Kameswara Rao The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Internal Spectral Variability on Vegetation Cover Type Classification Accuracies 91./V. Uday Bhaskar and B.J. Devereux RS-6 ERS-1 SAR Data in Limestone Exploration in Arid Regions 96 Ashok Kumar Jos hi, Y.V.N. Krishna Murthy and K. Radhakrishnan RS-7 Development of Expert System for Classification of Soils Using Remote Sensing Techniques 99 B.R.M. Rao, N.K. Anasuya, L. Venkataratnam, T. Karunakar, H. Sukanya, P. Subhadra andjairam Hebbar RS-8 RS-9 Interpretation of Airborne Geophysical and Remotely Sensed Data for Mapping the Solid Geology in High Grade Metamorphic Terrains: A Case Study in Northern Orissa, India 101 W.A. Crowe, P.M. teeming, P.N. Chakravartula, C.R. Nash and I. Cook Artificial Groundwater Recharge and Rainwater Conservation Through Integrated Study of Resources Using Remote Sensing 105 A. Perumal, G. Hanumantha Rao, S. V.C. Kameswara Rao, S.K. Subramanian, N. Uday Bhaskar, G.Ch. Chenniah, G. Behera and D.P. Rao RS-10 Better Applications of Airborne Radiometrics 108 R.J. Smith and V. Vorobyev RS-11 A Review of Aeromagnetic Gradiometry and its Application to Diamond Exploration 111 J.D.H. Sump ton, DR. Cowan, M. Baigent and S. Cowan RS-12 \ Hydrocarbon Prospects and Challenges of Poorly Explored North Bank of River Brahmaputra in Parts of North-East India : An Integrated Approach 122 S. Rath, S.K. Singh ands.c. Sarma RS-13 Non-Linear Filter for Speckle Reduction of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data 127 K. V.S. Badarinath, M. Gopi Krishna and P. V.N. Rao SURFACE GEOPHYSICS (Oil Exploration) Lead Paper SG-C1 A Brief Review on Modern Seismic Industry 131 Kharak Singh SG-1 Hydrocarbon Prospect Evaluation in Khowai Kalyanpur Area, Tripura 135 S.B. Bansal

SG-2 Seismic Attenuation as a Hydrocarbon Indicator - A Case Study 137 Rahul Dasgupta and G.R. Saini SG-3 Seismic Attenuation - Estimation and Use in Hydrocarbon Exploration 141 Rahul Dasgupta SG-4 Emerging Trends in Seismic Data Acquisition 144 V. Vijaya Rao, B. Rajendra Prasad and P.R. Reddy SG-5 Utility of 3D Seismic Data for Delineating Stratigraphic Trap - A Case Study 149 S.K. Jain, J.D. Rao, O.P. Sinha and V. Rangaehari SG-6 Implication of Knowledge of Subsurface Velocity on Seismic - A Case Study 152 K.S. Sajwan, R.S. Nandi and A.B. Dehadrai SG-7 SG-8 Reservoir Delineation From 3D Seismic Amplitute Analysis Over an Oil and Gas Field in Cauvery Basin, India 156 N.C. Banik, S.K. Jain, J.D. Sarkar and Hasan Quidwai Experimental Comparison Between Single and Multi-Channel Telemetry Systems in Harsh and Mountainous Areas 159 Patrick Burger, Jean-Jacques Postel and Alberto Martinez SG-9 Advantages of Radio Telemetry for 3D-Seismic Data Acquisition on Land 162 Rene Graf SG-10 3-DPrestack Time Migration of the Ravva 3-D Data Set 165 Jim Montalbetti, Peter Whiting and Leigh Brooks SG-11 A System Approach for Skip Management in Land 2D Seismic Surveys 168 G.S. Chaturvedi, S. Panigrahi and R.K. Khanna SURFACE GEOPHYSICS (Minerals, Geological Mapping, Ground Water & Engineering Geophysics) Lead Paper! SG-C2 Geophysics in Mineral Exploration 173 T. Mohana Rao SG-12 Groundwater Exploration for Hard Coke Plant at Dhanbad 181 P.K. Gupta and T.N. Singh SG-13 Regional Heli-Borne Gravity Surveys Using a Suspended Automated Gravimeter 182 HO. Seigeland T. McConnell SG-14 Appraisal of Central Loop TEM Technique : A Case Study from Bijawar Basin, Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India 186 B. Narasimha Rao, P. Ramakrishna, B,V.L Kumar and K.K. Dwivedy SG-15 Direct Location of Massive Sulphides by Gravity Method - A Case Study in Aladahalli Area, Kamataka 187 V. Bhaskara Rao

SG-16 SG-17 SG-18 SG-19 SG-20 SG-21 SG-22 SG-23 SG-24 SG-25 SG-26 SG-27 SG-28 SG-29 Geophysical Exploration for Kimberlite Pipes - A Case Study from Maddur Area, Mahbubnagar District, Andhra Pradesh N. Sreerama Murthy, R. Ananda Reddy, D. Livingston, V.L. Raju and T. Mohana Rao Application of Magnetic, IP and Resistivity Methods in Delineating a Folded Sulphidic Gold - Quartz Vein in Thick Soil Cover : A Case Study from Chitradurga Schist Belt C. Ramachandran, H. V. Rao, V. Ramamurthy, S.A. Khan andn.c. Murali Targeting Areas for Gold Exploration by Potential Field Surveys - A Case Study from Hutti-Maski Schist Belt, Karnataka M. Appa Rao, R. Ananda Reddy, D. Chakravarthy and B.S.R. Murthy Potential Areas for Gold Mineralization from Airborne Total Count Maps in Chitradurga District: An Exploration Strategy for Gold. C. Ramachandran, H. V. Rao, V. Ramamurthy, S.A. Khan, N.C. Murali and T. Mohana Rao Geophysical Investigations for Manganese Ore in the Vizianagaram District of Andhra Pradesh - A Case Study T. Mohana Rao, K. Surya Bhanu, A. Lakshamipatiraju and K. Sreedhar Geoelectric Signatures of Crustal Reactivation in Central India - A Magnetotelluric Study S. V.S. Sarma, N. Nagarajan, M. Someswara Rao, T. Harinarayana, G. Virupakshi, D.N. Murthy, M. V.C. Sarma andk.r.b. Gupta Tectonic History Deduced from a Combined Study of Bouguer Gravity and Lineaments of Gondwana Basins in Maharashtra R.N. Padhi and T.S. Ramakrishna Structure and Seismotectonics of the Koyna Seismic Source Region Based on DSS and Seismo-Statistical Studies P.R. Reddy, P. Prasada Rao, N. Madhava Rao and D. Sarkar Seismicity Associated with Kopili Lineament and Adjoining Regions of North Eastern India N.K. Gogoi, P. Solomon Raju and C. V. Ramakrishna Rao An Integrated Crustal Model Along Nagaur-Jhalawar Geotransect D.C. Mishra, Bijendra Singh, V.M. Tiwari, S.B. Gupta, N. Kameswara Rao and M.B.S. Vyagreshwar Rao Direct Current Resistivity Traversing Across Singhbhum Shear Zone Near Ghatsila, Mosabani, Eastern India K.K. Roy, L.K. Das, H. Das, K.K. Mukerjee, P.S. Routh, R. Chunduru, D.K. Saha, M.K. RaiandD.C. Naskar Gravity-Geologic Investigation of Buried Bedrock Topography Revathi Nagarajan Electrical Delineation of Paleoslopes and Sedimentary Facies of a Substratum K. Veeraswamy and U. Raval Geoelcetrical Resistivity Studies for the Evaluation of Ground Water Resources Potential of Saptari District Naba Raj Shrestha and Nir Shakya

SG-30 SG-31 Hydrogeological Surveys in Drought Prone Bargarh District, Orissa Aided by Remote Sensing Studies, Groundwater Exploration and Application of GIS of Decipher Groundwater Potentials 228 S. Das, S.C. Behera, D.P. PatiandG. Prasad Joint Orientation Studies Using Electrical Resistivity Method at the Proposed Kudankulam Atomic Power Plant Site, Tamil Nadu 230 R.S. Wadhwa, M.S. Chaudhari andn. Ghosh SG-32 Graphite in the Earth Crust and the Nature of Crustal Anomalies of Electrical Conductivity 235 A.A. Zhamaletdinov SG-33 Electrical Resistivity and Anisotropy of Rocks in the Kola Super Deep Hole 237 A.A. Zhamaletdinov, L.D. Galitchanina and Yu.I.Kuznetsov SG-34 Two approaches to the problem of the Deep Electrical Soundings on the Baltic Shield in the Audiomagnetotelluric Frequency Band 239 A.A. Zhamaletdinov, M.I. Pertel, A.N. Shevtsov anda.d. Tokarev SUBSURFACE GEOPHYSICS Lead Paper SSG-C1 Ultra Sonic Imagery Tools, its Principle Uses and Case Studies 241 SSG-1 SSG-2 R. Thiagarajan, S.B. Paul and T.G. Deshmukh Sensitivity Analysis of Water Saturation Equations Used for L-III Carbonate Reservoir Evaluation 255 K. Suryanarayana Delineation of Coal Beds and Estimation of its Parameters from Well Log Data Using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 259 Raja Mukhopadfiyay and Bimalendu B. Bhattacharya i SSG-3 Solutions to thfe Stratigraphic Paradoxes of Chintalpudi Sub-Basin from Electro Logs 263 K V. Rao, G. Uday Bhaskar, K.A.V. L. Prasad and G. D. V. Durga Prasad SSG-4 SSG-5 Borehole Geophysical Logging for Assessment of in Situ Characteristics of Foundation at Erai Dam, Maharashtra 267 R.K. Kamble andp.j. Desai Stratigraphy and Facies Analysis from Electro Logs: An Example from Manuguru Coalfield, India 268 G. Uday Bhaskar, K. V. Rao, KA. V.L. Prasad and G.D. V. Prasad SSG-6 Objective Oriented Reprocessing of VSP Data - A Case Study 271 A.K. Sarkar and L.K. Marwah SSG-1 Processing of Walkaway VSP Data -An Optimised Approach 273 D. Chatterjee, L.K. MarwahandA.G. Pramanik

SSG-8 Application of VSP for Drilling Overpressure Wells in Tripura 277 Kharak Singh, A. Chaudhury and N. Bhattacharyya SSG-9 Cross Hole Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Mapping in Various Geological Environments 279 K. Prabhakar Rao, P.D. Sarafand K. Mallick SSG-10 Identification of Lithologies from Log Data by Simulated Neural Networks 282 S. Chakrabarti, S. Hazra, M.K. Sharma and R. Mohan MARINE GEOPHYSICS MG-1 Deep Water Exploration Efforts in Western Offshore-India 289 M.S.N. Murthy, S.S. Thakur, R.T. Arasu, V.S.R. Subrahmanyam, A.K. Srivastava and A. V.S. Murthy MG-2 Underwater Seismic Reflection Survey for Coastal Thermal Power Station at Chhara, Saurashtra, Gujarat 290 N. Ghosh, R.S. Wadhwa, M.S. Chaudhari, V. Chandrashekar ands. Bhowmick MG-3 Record of the Cretaceous Magnetic Quiet Zone in the Distal Bengal Fan and its Significance in Understanding the Evolutionary History of the Northeastern Indian Ocean 292 M.V. Ramana, V.Subrahmanyam, K.V.L.N.S. Sarma, Maria Desa, M.M.Malleswara Rao and C.Subrahmanyam SIGNAL PROCESSING AND MODELLING Lead Paper SPM-C1 Signal Processing: A Bird's Eye Review 297 P.S. Moharir. i SPM-1 Quality Sfismics and Ground Roll: A Case Study 305 S.K. Chandola, V. Singh, R.K. Chaturvedi andp. Kumar SPM-2 Fault Mapping Using Horizon Attribute Technique 309 M.N. Bhatnagar and CM. Varadarajan SPM-3 On the Correlation Phase in Dipmeter Data Processing 311 T. V.S. Rao SPM-4 Imaging Deep Crustal Seismic Reflection Data with Depth Migration 314 Suhas Phadke, M.J.A. Burianyk and E.R. Kanasewich SPM-5 The Effect of High Velocity Layers on Seismic Refraction Data: An Example from Mahanadi Basin, India 317 H.C. Tewari SPM-6 Criteria for 2D Seismic Survey Design 318 G.C. Katiyar and B. V.S.S.R. Murthy

SPM-7 Travel Time Approximationi Anisotropic Layered Media 320 V. Singh and Sanjay Kumar SPM-8 Imaging of Deeper Reflectors in Bombay Offshore : A Processing Target 322 Babanjee, M.S. Rawat, Abhay Sahai, D.P. Sinha and L.K. Marwah SPM-9 Application of Linear Digital Filtering Algorithm for the Computation of Electromagnetic Response of a Vertical Magnetic Dipole over Inhomogeneous Earth Models 326 Nagendra P. Singh and T. Lai SPM-10 Angular Spectrum for Detection of a Fault 329 Prabhakar S. Naidu and M.P. Mathew SPM-11 Spectral Analysis of Gravity Data over Gaussian Subsurface Relief 332 L. Roy, R.K. Shaw andb.n.p. Agarwal SPM-12 Interpretation of Self-Potential Anomalies by Nonlinear Inversion 334 Shalivahan, Bimalendu B. Bhattacharya and Mrinal K. Sen SPM-13 Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data by Very Fast Simulated Annealing 337 Bimalendu B. Bhattacharya, Sobhan Pathak, Mrinal K. Sen and Shalivahan SPM-14 Velocity Structure in Parts of NE India 341 Yogesh Gupta andr.k. Verma SPM-15 Simulation of Electrical Potential and Wenner Resistivity Anomalies by Analogue Fluid Flow Mapper 342 R.K. Majumdar and A. Parui SPM-16 Near Field/Transition Zone CSAMT Data Inversion 345 S. Srinivas, Ramraj Mathur and I.B. Ramaprasada Rao SPM-17 Approximate Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data 347 Mohammad Israil \ SPM-18 The Correlatioi Between the Parameters of the Plate Model for Various TEM Systems 351 M. Pirttijarvi, S.K. Verma ands.e. Hjelt SPM-19 SPM-20 Evaluation of Local and Global Optimization Methods in the Resolution of Fine Structures Employing Electrical and EM Data 354 S.K. Verma and S.P. Sharma Physical Modeling Results on Modified Pseudodepth Sections in Exploration of Highly Resistive Targets 357 A. Apparao, G.S. Srinivas and V. Subrahmanya Sarma SPM-21 Modelling of Water Table Fluctuation in Response to Transient Random Recharge 359 S.N. Rai and Kirti Srivastava SPM-22 2-D Finite Difference Modelling of Laterally Inhomogeneous Mineralised Target Ore Conductors in Afmag Range 360 P.D. Saraf, K.P. Rao andk. Mallick

SPM-23 Distortion ofmt Data Due to Coast Effect 362 Umesh K. Singh and Ramesh P. Singh SPM-24 Shear Wave Velocity Structure of China Region from Rayleigh Wave Dispersion 364 P. K. S. Chauhan and V. N. Singh COMPUTING AND MATHEMATICAL GEOPHYSICS CMG-1 Multifractals, Strange Attractors, Epicentral Patterns 367 Pradosh K Roy, Ajay K Chauhan, Sri Niwas, Kailash N Khattri CMG-2 Application of Fractal Dimension in Aeromagnetic Data Interpellation 370 M. Suryanarayana and C. V. K. V. P. Jagannadha Rao CMG-3 CMG-4 CMG-5 CMG-6 Finite Element Simulations of 2-D Intraplate Stress Distributions Associated with Topography and Crustal Density Inhomogeneities Beneath the Kavali-Parnapalle DSS Profile 374 Prantik Mandal and R.N. Singh The Effect of Lateral Heat Transport on the Relationship Between Surface Heat Flow and Heat Generation 377 D. V. Ramana and R.N. Singh A Parametric Analysis of EM Response of Elongated Covered Ore Deposits in Multifrequency Measurements 381 D. Indira Nagubai and P. D. Saraf Software Development for Seismic Sequence Attributes and their Usage in Estimating Porosities 384 J. V.S.S.N. Murty, B.S. Josyulu anda.g. Pramanik CMG-7 Rotation Invariant Magnetotelluric Tensors 389 K.K. Roy, A.K. Singh ands. Srivastava CMG-8 I Gravimetric Determination of High Resolution Geoid for India 390 B. Nagarajan CMG-9 Effect of Transition Layer on Electromagnetic Depth Sounding using Large Rectangular Loop 393 K. Mallick, K Prabhakara Rao and P.D. Saraf CMG-10 Parameterization of an Artesian Aquifer System in Neyveli Basin, Tamilnadu 395 V.S. Singh, M. Thangarajan and C.P. Gupta EMERGING TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGY ETT-1 PC Based Universal Chart Recorder for Geophysical Surveys 397 K. Kalyanaraman, M. Surender Reddy, K. Venkateswar Rao and G.G.K. Murthy

INTEGRATION OF SCIENCES IN EXPLORATION FOR EARTH RESOURCES IES-1 Comparative Analysis of Geoelectric and Lithologic Data in a Typical Khondalitic Terrain 403 B. Venkateshwara Rao and D. Ramadurgaiah IES-2 An Integrated Approach for the Delineation of Buried Paleochannel at Indira Sagar (Gosikhurd) Project, Maharashtra State, India. 406 J.M.Shirke, B.S.Shrotri, G.A.Panvalkar, M.Tripura and P. V.Akut ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ES-1 Environment of Dhanbad Area - A Preliminary Study 407 K.K.K. Singh, R.K.S. Chauhan And B.B. Dhar ES-2 ES-3 ES-4 Role of Geophysics in Town Planning - A Case Study of Rangapahar Area, Dimapur Town, Kohima District, Nagaland 410 Dinesh Gupta, Sagina Ram, B.C.Saikia and A.K.Mukherjee Environmental Change Detection in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area Using Remote Sensing Data 413 R.S. Dwivedi and K. Sreenivas Delineation of Groundwater Contamination at Two Industrial Sites in Visakhapatnam Using Geoelectrical Surveys and Factor Analysis 414 C.Subbarao, N. V. Subbarao, J. Purnima Priyadarshini and Anila Vijay Nair ES-5 Identification of Zones of Corrosive Groundwater Using Resistivity Method 415 K.K. Sharma and S. Jayashree LATE ARRIVALS j t PS-4 An Overview of Coalbed Methane Exploration and Exploitation 417 D. Majumder PS-5 Harvesting of Global Water Resources for the Growing Needs of the 21st Century 427 B. Sundara Rama Rao SG-35 Composite Gravity Maps of Krishna-Godavari and Cauvery Basins 429 B. K. Jain SPM-25 SG-36 Utilization of Seismic Modeling and Geostatistics for Prediction of Tight Zone in the Norphlet Formation 433 Rajendra K. Shrestha, WenlongXu, Fred Aminzadeh and Mrinal K. Sengupta Enhancement of Seismic Expression of Rift-Fill and Younger Sediments in an Area Southwest of Kaikalur on Kaza Horst of Krishna Godavari Basin 439 Rajendra Kumar, K.S.R.J. Rao and A. Sampat

EEE-5 Recent Trends in Production Systems for Marginal and Deepwater Field Developments 441 Sanjay Reddy, Chuck McCabe and Mike Cunningham MG-4 New High Resolution Satellite Derived Gravity for South East Asia 444 Christopher M. Green, Simon J. Campbell and J. Derek Fairhead SG-37 Estimation of Aquifer Parameters from Geoelectrical Soundings over Kalahandi District, Orissa 450 Basant Kumar, Bimalendu B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Adhikari ands. Das