World Geography 3202 Mid-term Review 1. Which statement is true of water erosion processes in rivers? a. Vertical erosion is the main direction of erosion in youthful rivers. b. Abrasion involves the dissolving of minerals in rocks. c. Meanders form as a result of vertical erosion in Old Age Rivers. d. Lateral erosion occurs mainly in rivers with steep slopes. 2. Which features result from continental glaciation? a. horn, lateral moraine c. hanging valley, medial moraine b. erratic, drumlin d. cirque, arête 3. Identify the glacial feature at letter X in the graphic. a. fiord c. arête b. cirque d. horn 4. Which of the following categories of organisms are able to live off the energy they find in plants alone? a. 2 nd order consumers c. 1 st order consumers b. producers d. decomposers 5. Under which environmental conditions would the rate of physical weathering be fastest? a. hot, dry conditions year-round b. hot, dry summers; cold-wet winters c. warm, wet conditions year-round d. warm, wet summers; cold, dry winters 6. The height of a region above sea level a. latitude c. elevation b. longitude d. evaporation 7. Which term refers to the increase in the accumulation of toxins in the higher trophic level of the food chain? a. energy transfer c. biological amplification b. pollution transfer d. climax vegetation 8. In the Prairie provinces, grasses are the chief type of plant life that has established itself in this particular climatic region over the long term? Grasses are best defined as: a. primary consumer c. food chain b. climax vegetation d. primary producer
9. Which wind condition is illustrated in the diagram? a. coriolis force c. land breeze b. cyclone d. sea breeze 10. Which defines ocean current? a. permanent or semi-permanent, vertical movement of the top 100 m of surface water b. permanent or semi-permanent, horizontal movement of the top 100 m of surface water c. seasonal, horizontal movement of the top 1000 m of surface water d. seasonal, vertical movement of the top 1000 m of surface water 11. Which would best describe the effect of the coriolis force on wind direction? a. deflects wind to the right in the North and to the right in the South b. deflects wind to the left in the North and to the right in the South c. deflects wind to the left in the North and to the left in the South d. deflects wind to the right in the North and to the left in the South 12. Which of the following categories of organisms are able to make their own food from the suns energy by converting it to chemical energy for the remainder of the ecosystem? a. producers c. decomposers b. 2 nd order consumers d. 1 st order consumers 13. Which forest ecosystem is described below? broad-leaf trees loses leaves in winter warm summer temperatures a. boreal c. tropical rain b. coniferous d. temperate deciduous 14. Which statement refers to climate? a. Winnipeg, Canada has a temperature range of 38 o C and average annual precipitation of 526mm. b. Tourists visiting Brazil enjoyed daily temperatures of 25 o C during their two week stay. c. Residents of Nova Scotia prepared for Hurricane Juan. d. Heavy snowfall in December resulted in 125 vehicle accidents. 15. Which statement is true regarding the development of sea breezes? a. high pressure developing over land b. ocean heating up much faster than land c. cool air over the land moves out towards the ocean d. warm air above the land is rising 16. Which refers to atmospheric conditions of a particular region over a short period of time? a. radiation c. temperature range b. weather d. climate
17. Which is true regarding toxins and biological amplification? a. toxins must be soluble in water. b. occur with toxins that are stored in fat tissue of organisms. c. toxins are at the highest concentrations at the producer level. d. approximately 10-15% of toxins are passed on to the upper levels. 18. Under which environmental conditions would the rate of physical weathering be fastest? a. hot, dry conditions year-round c. hot, dry summers; cold-wet winters b. warm, wet conditions year-round d. warm, wet summers; cold, dry winters 19. Which describes Earth s rotation? a. daily movement of Earth on its axis b. annual movement of Earth around the sun c. tilt of Earth on its axis d. changing distance of Earth from the sun 20. Which of the following features would help determine the direction in which a glacier moves? a. Terminal moraine and truncated spur c. Erratic and terminal moraine b. Drumlin and erratic d. Drumlin and terminal moraine 21. The process whereby forced water and air pressure cause sections of rock to break down or apart is called: a. Corrosion c. Chemical Weathering b. Hydraulic Action d. Abrasion 22. Which glacial feature is formed at Z in the drawing? a. lateral moraine c. esker b. terminal moraine d. arête 23. What accounts for differences in temperature as the seasons change? a. Directness of the sun s rays and length of days b. Longer days and the sun is closer to Earth c. Sun s closeness to Earth and regular variation in the sun s output d. Regular variation in the sun s output and more direct sun s rays 24. What is a ridge of sand, with an edge that may be curved, running away from the coastline, and developed by the long shore drift? a. Bay bar c. Spit b. Stack d. Bay beach 25. Which of the following affect the length of day as seasons change? a. Tilt on the earth s axis & revolution of the earth around the sun b. Closeness of the earth to the sun & the speed earth rotates on its axis c. Tilt on the earth s axis & closeness of the earth to the sun d. Closeness of the earth to the sun & revolution of the earth around the sun
26. In the diagram below, what season is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing when Earth is in the position indicated by X? a. summer c. winter b. fall d. spring 27. Higher trophic levels have fewer organisms because: a. The energy loss between each trophic level reduces the amount available for the upper trophic levels b. There is not enough room for a lot of the big predators in a region c. There is not enough water for all levels and plants take it first d. The energy gained between each trophic level increases the amount available at the upper trophic levels 28. Which best describes the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere? a. equal length of day and night b. noontime sun directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn c. noontime sun directly overhead at the Equator d. noontime sun directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer 29. Which of the following is the best definition for Ecosystem? a. The natural system of energy flow in a given region b. The natural system of interactions between plants, animals and their physical environment c. The natural system of plants, animals, consumers and decomposers in the living environment. d. The natural system of water flow in a given region 30. This term refers to a time in the earth s orbit where there is 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. It occurs twice in one orbit. a. Revolution c. Rotation b. Equinox d. Solstice 31. What is formed when a glaciated valley is filled by the sea? a. Hanging valley c. Outwash Plain b. Delta d. Fiord 32. Which ecosystem has plants such as epiphytes or trees with buttress roots as adaptations? a. Tropical Rain Forest c. Coniferous Forest b. Desert d. Temperate Deciduous Forest 33. Which type of volcanic cone results from violent explosions of ash and cinders followed by quiet eruptions of liquid lava? a. Shield c. Intrusive b. Composite d. Ash & cinder 34. What type of plate movement is caused by tensional forces? a. reverse fault mountain c. overthrust fault mountain b. fold mountain d. normal fault mountain
35. What stage in its life cycle does a river have flat relief, little or no slope, very little velocity, and elaborate meanders? a. Maturity c. Youth b. Old age d. Early maturity 36. Which of the following are land features of an emergent coastline? a. Spit and bay bar c. Bay bar and sea stack b. Sea stack and sea cave d. Sea stack and spit 37. Which process results in the peeling of rock layers resulting from pressure release? a. Exfoliation c. Oxidation b. Hydrolysis d. Frost fracture 38. Which best describes the climate represented by the climate graph below? a. hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters b. cool, wet summers and mild, dry winters c. warm, wet summers and cool, dry winters d. hot, dry summers with an even distribution of precipitation 39. Which is an example of physical weathering? a. formation of green stains on a copper roof b. appearance of sinkholes in a limestone formation c. fracturing of rocks around a campfire d. rusting of iron structures 40. Which term refers to the relationship between sources of food and consumers of food in an ecosystem? a. food web c. energy level b. food pyramid d. trophic level 41. What would you have likely found if you encountered a large boulder made of materials completely different from the surrounding area? a. cirque c. erratic b. esker d. drumlin 42. Which kind of delta is shown shaded in the diagram below? a. digitate c. arcuate b. estuarine d. basin
43. Which 2 coastline land features are represented in the diagram below? a. sea cave and sea arch c. sea cave and sea stack b. sea cave and spit d. sea arch and sea stack 44. Which location would have the greatest annual temperature range using the map below? a. A c. C b. B d. D 45. Which ecosystem has trees that are conical shaped, thick bark and needle-like leaves as adaptations? a. Tundra c. Tropical rain forest b. Boreal forest d. Temperate deciduous forest 46. What type of fault is shown in the graphic below? a. Overthrust c. Transform b. Reverse d. Normal 47. What is the process by which soluble inorganic material is transported upward through the soil? a. Capillary action c. Accumulation of humus b. Eluviation d. Leaching 48. What is the effect of a clear, cloudless sky on Earth? a. nights are cooler and days are warmer b. day and night temperatures are warmer c. nights are warmer and days are cooler d. day and night temperatures are cooler 49. What two factors help explain why Earth experiences seasons? a. tilt of Earth s axis, and the revolution of Earth around the sun b. revolution of Earth around the sun, and the sun s distance from Earth c. distance of the sun from Earth, and Polar Ice Caps d. the Polar Ice Caps, and the tilt of Earth s axis
50. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter. This is an ecosystem adaptation to: a. prevent heavy snow from building up on its fragile, frozen branches during the winter months. b. prevent water loss during the winter when water is not readily available. c. catch as much water as it can because of competition between trees and forest floor plants. d. prevent animals from eating their leaves and killing the trees during winter 51. The climatic zone that experiences very little precipitation with temperatures and never exceeding 10 o C. a. Temperate Cold Winter c. Dry b. Tropical d. Polar 52. Which process and feature are illustrated at X? a. Tensional and syncline c. Compressional and syncline b. Tensional and anticline d. Compressional and anticline 53. What influence does latitude have on temperature? a. As latitude decreases, temperature decreases. b. Latitude has no impact on temperature. c. As latitude increases, temperature decreases. d. As latitude increases, temperature increases. 54. Which world ecosystem is defined as having between 100 to 200 cm precipitation per year and annual temperature between 0 to 20 o C? a. woodland grassland c. temperate rain forest b. temperate forest d. savanna
55.Which glacial feature is formed at X in the drawing? a. esker c. lateral moraine b. terminal moraine d. medial moraine 56. What would be the most common type of precipitation experienced at location X in the diagram? a. frontal c. convectional b. orographic d. cyclonic 57. Which describes a summer monsoon? a. high humidity and strong winds b. strong winds and extremely cold temperatures c. extremely hot temperatures and very dry d. very dry with strong winds 58. Which is an example of chemical weathering? a. peeling away of layers from a sandstone monument b. fracturing of rocks around a campfire c. splitting of pavement by tree roots d. formation of green stains on a copper roof 59. Compared to the leeward side of a mountain, which best describes the windward side? a. wetter c. cloudier b. cooler d. drier 60. Which is true of the location of world mountain ranges? a. Found only on west side of continents b. Generally found along plate boundaries c. Generally found to have an N-S direction d. Found only in the southern hemisphere