National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation Tsunagari Project. A New Way to Experience Knowledge and Understand Our Planet.

National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation Tsunagari Project. A New Way to Experience Knowledge and Understand Our Planet.

Introduction Tsunagari, Connections in English, is a project undertaken as an enterprise of Miraikan, the National Museum an Emerging Science and Innovation, through the use state-of-the-art display techniques to help each person realize their Tsunagari with our planet of life. Our concept is a new, shared way of seeing the world, integrating knowledge and perception of our brightly shining Earth. To realize this goal, we have constructed a display system in order to about the global environment from many different angles, by utilizing the latest advances in science and technology in a high-impact, high-resolution display and an interface with network functions. By connecting and sharing this display system with the world, including other museums and research institutions, we hope to establish Miraikan as a global leader in developing and sharing content that increases understanding of our planet, the Earth. Our goal is to find solutions to the problems that confront all humanity through advances in science and technology. Combining the intelligence of people involved we are trying to promote a greater understanding of multifaceted contributions of Japan s science and technology as a driving force to achieve this goal. 01

INDEX The Tsunagari Project 03 Project Structure 04 Tsunagari Space 05 Feel the Earth Geo-Cosmos 06 Explore the Earth Geo-Scope 19 Portray the Earth Geo-Palette 25 AuthaGraph World Map 27 02

The Tsunagari Project Tsunagari, Connections, is a project whose aims are to powerfully present scientific information to visualize, share, and connect it to our senses to deepen our understanding of the Earth and ourselves, and, thus, to build a shared vision for the future. The nearly infinite variety of living things in the Earth s ecosystem share a multitude of connections. Humans also share connections with the earth nurtured within the course of the Earth s 4.6 billion year history. The mission of this project is to position our existence within that vast web of connections and to consider what we need to do to ensure the continued existence of the diverse riches of the Earth we enjoy today. The project uses three tools, Geo-Cosmos, Geo- Scope, and Geo-Palette, to allow every visitor to experience and learn about these tsunagari, these vital connections. We have created a new image of the Earth in which connection becomes the axis around which scientific data about the Earth are arrayed such as artistic expression, and ideas from people all over the globe. This project makes use of a totally new type of map, the AuthaGraph World Map, in the Geo-Scope and Geo-Palette sections. This de-centered map of the world portrays the Earth in a new way, transcending boundaries between disciplines and fusing knowledge and feeling in to a new perspective of the Earth. Starting with live communication events, the Tsunagari Project will continue to develop, incorporating the world as a whole, functioning as a center for gathering and disseminating information about the Earth. Contributions to Scientific Research A device through which researchers can present their results Experiments in Geo-Presentation A place for experimental performances related to the Earth From Miraikan to the World, from the World to Miraikan Equipped with a pointer system and live broadcast facilities to facilitate presentation of research results to scholars at museums and research institutes throughout the world. Live Performances and Demonstrations Developing non-site-specific live performances and show-type demonstrations to be taken in around the Oval Bridge 03

Project Structure Feel the Earth: Geo-Cosmos Symbol Zone, 1F This immense globe is a more than 10 million pixel, ultra high-definition display of the Earth in all its glory as seen from space. This is the world s first spherical display using organic electroluminescent panels. Search the Earth: Geo-Scope 3F An interactive board on which a variety of measurement data collected by scientists and research organizations around Japan and around the world can be freely accessed and combined. Portray the Earth: Geo-Palette Online service An online service that allows individuals to create their own original maps based on data related to countries and regions around the world. 04

Tsunagari Space Travel Zone and Switching Point 4F control room 5F Observation Zone From the International Space Station exhibit, 3F Knowledge Zone Here visitors can deepen their knowledge of the Oval Bridge Observation Zone visitors gain an objective view of the Earth floating Earth by accessing the latest data about research in space. Guests are encouraged to think about and creativity around the world. Exhibits build how they, too, can participate in sustaining our understanding of the Earth, and employ a wealth Earth and what actions they can take. of digital contents. The zone is also equipped with a photo-op site. Oval Bridge: Travel Zone and Switching Point Geo-Cosmos Traversing the gently sloping Oval Bridge is like 1F Symbol Zone (Feeling Zone) taking a journey. The contents make effective Flat seats make it possible to lay down while use of sound and story to depict the world of viewing the Geo-Cosmos above and pondering Oval Bridge Knowledge Zone humanity and nature, the Earth and space. The the relationship between one s self and the world. control room for all the projectors, servers, and demonstration features is located at the Bridge s mid-point. Special care has been taken in the development of Web, live streaming, and signage, equipping the Oval Bridge to both receive and transmit information. Symbol Zone Feeling Zone Producers and data providers (in alphabetical order) British Oceanographic Data Center; Census of Marine Life: CoML Project; Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry; Geospatial Information Authority of Japan; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Hokkaido University; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Japan Meteorological Agency; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Ministry of the Environment of Japan; NASA NOAA-ESRL Global Monitoring Division; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan; Tamagawa University; Tangible Earth; U.S. Geological Survey; United Nations; University of Tokyo; University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center; Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences Geo-Cosmos: Dentsu, Inc.; Mitsubishi Electric Corporation; Go and Partners, Inc.; GK Tech, Inc. Geo-Palette: Internet Initiative, Inc. Geo-Scope: GK Tech, Inc. with design cooperation from AuthaGraph Co., Ltd. 05

Feel the Earth Geo-Cosmos Geo-Cosmos, a more than 10-million pixel, ultra high-resolution, realistic spherical display of a brilliantly shining Earth floating in space, is the symbol of Miraikan, the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation. It is the world s first globe made of organic electroluminescent panels. Its creation reflects Miraikan Director s Dr. Mamoru Mohri s desire to share with everyone the experience of seeing the shining Earth from space. The clouds that flow over the displays are updated daily to reflect the latest imagery from weather satellites. Visitors can, thus, see the Earth as it actually appears from space. Thanks to data collected from satelites, a wide variety of simulations can be displayed on the Geo- Cosmos, such as ocean temperature and acidification simulations. 06

The World s First Large-Scale Organic Electroluminescent Display Using the world s first large-scale organic electroluminescent panels, then still under development, we designed the smooth panel layout based on a geodesic octahedron model. The new Geo-Cosmos is a sphere 6m in diameter, made up of 3mm dot pitch, ultra high-definition organic electroluminescent panels, which deliver a resolution of greater than 10 million pixels, more than ten times sharper than its 950,000 pixel predecessor. Energy-saving design has reduced per pixel energy consumption, resulting in only oneseventh the energy consumption, only 892kWh per day. Weight, too, has been reduced by streamlining systems and the use of aluminum. At about 13 tons, the new Geo-Cosmos comfortably clears the 20 ton or less design criterion. Geo-Cosmos Specifications Display system Large-scale organic electroluminescent display Diameter Approx. 6 meters Spherical surface Approx. 130m 2 Dot pitch [pixel size] 3mm Panel dimensions 96mm x 96mm Pixel count [resolution] 10,000,000-plus *More than 10 times sharper resolution than the previous one Light-emitting surface Approx. 46% *Seven times more than the previous one Luminance 1200cd/m 2 Frame rate 480Hz *Compared to 60Hz or 120Hz for conventional LCD televisions Color coding 14 bit Contrast 1500:1 Viewing angle More than 160 [up/down/left/right] Display element life 30,000 hours *For 8 hours/day, 320 days/year, luminance 500cd/m 2 Optimal viewing distance 1000 times dot pitch is standard *Less than 1/3 the viewing distance for the previous one Power consumption 892kWh/day Weight 13t *Geo-Cosmos was created in 2001 and it was renewed in 2011. 07

Basic plan for display: Panel layout: Diameter based on Panel distribution method geodesic octahedron model Octahedron The surface of the approx. 6.5m sphere is divided into eight blocks. The panel layout was designed using an algorithm that allocates 96mm 2 panels to each triangular block. The result is a spherical display that displays a decentered image of the world with more than 10 million pixel resolution. parallel to the YZ plane parallel to the XY plane parallel to the XZ plane Geo-Cosmos Features Output system Dual output system HDDR (Hard Disk Drive Recorder) Storage for ultra high-resolution content RTWS (Real Time Work Station) Real-time data processing and image output Content data format Image resolution = 6k 3k (6204 3102) (Can also display lower resolution images.) Aspect ratio = 2:1 HDDR frame rate = 59.94 fps RTWS frame rate =30 fps Data structure = layered (5 layers:base, L1, L2, L3,Text) Map format: equidistant cylindrical projection Content creation environment RTWS content creation environment Programming languages: GCPL, XML GCPL: Python-based API customized for use with Geo-Cosmos XML: controls rotation, speed, and other aspects of image display Operating interface Interface device Ball controller (installed above the stage) Only functions when RTWS outputs images Controls 3D image rotation Tablet controller (wireless terminal) Controls 3D image rotation and rotation speed (RTWS) Selects and calls contents (RTWS, HDDR) Content feed function Operation console (installed in control room) Controls 3D image rotation and rotation speed (RTWS) Selects and calls contents (RTWS, HDDR) Switches between auto and manual mode Automatic operations Automatic data update = periodically gathers external data and generates new images from it Automatic program control = Automates program presentation timing (both video and audio) Audio environment Input = CD, audio recorder, automated audio recorder, or microphone Output = Oval Bridge speaker system (L, R) x 16 5th floor speakers (L, R) x 1 3rd floor speakers (L, R) x 1 Symbols zone (first floor) speakers (L, R) x 2 Monitoring and system administration Monitoring Remote monitoring = 24-hour remote monitoring via dedicated circuit Camera monitoring = security cameras show both inside and outside images of Geo-Scope Administration (GEO monitoring tools) Controller status, component temperatures, ambient lighting, voltage and electrical current Synchronous data management Alert-driven control system Operation schedule management Content program, data registration, and editing Control System 7000 Power source management Schedule mode switching Change of viewing perspective Temperature control Organic electroluminescent panel luminance control Emergency shut down Internal structure While the previous Geo-Cosmos was constructed of several hundred steel components, the present Geo-Cosmos is a simpler geodesic design and is made of aluminum, making it lighter, more precise, and more efficient. Internal structure 08

State-of-the-art Japanese technology: Large-format organic electroluminescent display panels Electroluminescent panels, a technology developed in Japan, hold great promise as a nextgeneration approach to building energy-efficient, high image quality displays. Mitsubishi Electric was among the first to see its potential and use it to develop organic electroluminescent panels for large-format displays. The panels used in the Geo-Cosmos spherical display are a pioneering example of the applications of this technology. These panels are optimized for a vertical and horizontal viewing angle of more than 160, allowing visitors to see images clearly from wherever they are standing. Another advantage they offer is being able to construct displays with minimal color shift, preventing contamination by colors from the ambient environment. 09

Geo-Cosmos Contents Visualizations of scientific data Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation Arctic Tern Migration Pacific Bluefin Tuna Migration Land Cover Data: JRA-25 long-term reanalysis (Japan Meteorological Agency, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry) Data: Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Data: Census of Marine Life TOPP Project, University of Wisconsin SSEC Data: Global Mapping Project (International Steering Committee for Global Mapping, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Chiba University) Forest Map Forest Fires Ozone Concentration CO2 Concentration Past and Present Data: Global Mapping Project (International Steering Committee for Global Mapping, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Chiba University) Data: Wataru Takeuchi (Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo) Data: Japan Meteorological Agency (the satellite data were provided by NASA) Data: Japan Meteorological Agency 10

Geo-Cosmos Contents Visualizations of scientific data Sea Acidity Data: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Projected Future Air Temperatures Projected Future Sea Ice Projected Future Precipitation Data: JAMSTEC, AORI, NIES, MEXT Data: JAMSTEC, AORI, NIES, MEXT Data: JAMSTEC, AORI, NIES, MEXT Projected Future Sea Surface Temperatures Projected Future Sea Acidity Earthquakes Around the World Tsunami 3.11 Data: JAMSTEC, AORI, NIES, MEXT Data: JAMSTEC, AORI, NIES, MEXT Data: U. S. Geological Survey Data: NOAA Center for Tsunami Research 11

World Processor Powered by Geo-Cosmos (Ingo Günther) This program was created for the new Geo-Cosmos II by the German media artist Ingo Günther. It displays trends in a wide range of fields: politics, economics, environment, and social problems. Average lifespan Submarine optical fiber network 12

World Processor Powered by Geo-Cosmos (Ingo Günther) Corporations vs Nation-States Conflict Zones The Earth in 80 Languages Energy Consumption and GDP Potable Water Internet Users Exclusive Economic Zones in Oceans Density of Cell Phone Circuits 13

World Processor Powered by Geo-Cosmos (Ingo Günther) Upwelling Regions Political Boundaries Population Distribution Time Zones Traffic Jam Major Rivers Watersheds Wetlands 14

World Processor Powered by Geo-Cosmos (Ingo Günther) Female Legislators World Trade Trends Japan vs World Average United Nations Peacekeeping Activities Data Sources Human Development Report, UNDP; The World Bank; OECD Data Visualization Elias N. Melad; Nathan Townes-Anderson; Amy Brener, Sharone Vendriger; Mike Shea; Go and Partners, Inc. Production Assistance P3 art and environment, with special thanks to Andrew Saunders; RPI, Manuela Hartel; Andreas Riedl, Jan Mokre 15

Movements The theme is human activity and changes in global perspective: Tectonic plate movements starting 600 million years ago, human migrations starting 200 thousand years ago, ancient maps, modern roads, sea lanes, railroads, airline routes, the International Space Station (ISS), and GPS. Using a rich variety of data, this program presents human history in a high-impact manner, tracing movements across time. Using highquality computer graphics and synchronized music, this work fully embodies the Geo- Cosmos vision of an Earth that connects with our senses. 16

Movements The Earth in Motion (Plate Tectonics) Ancient Maps Sea Lanes Migration and Information Director: Shin ichi Yamamoto Music: ICE [Intercity-Express] Video: Kazuhiro Imamura Producers: Yoshifumi Sadahara, Yusuke Koizumi Production: Omnibus Japan Production Assistance: Seichi Endo (Gopha Inc.) Sound System Design: Go and Partners Inc. Data: Chuo University Toriumi Laboratory, Kobe City Museum, Northern Arizona University, University of Oxford, MapLevel0 2004, Tokyo Cartographic Company, Ltd. Data Production Assistance: AuthaGraph Co., Ltd. 17

Geo-Cosmos Music Geo-sound by Jeff Mills (Inner Cosmos Sound Track) Techno producer and DJ Jeff Mills created music for the Oval Bridge that surrounds the Geo-Cosmos. Based on Director Dr Mamoru Mohri s experience in space, the concept behind this sound track is to connect space, Earth, and humanity, and complement the visual experience of seeing Earth from space. Used in the Geo-Cosmos The Earth program, the music is played along the Oval Bridge that connects the third and fifth floor. Oval Bridge The sound track slowly changes depending on the day and time of day, from Monday to Friday on weekdays, on weekends, and also in the morning, afternoon, evening, and night. Jeff Mills (photograph by Ryu Kasai) Concept design, composer: Jeff Mills Audio Design: Go and Partners Inc., Synetics Ltd. The special sound system incorporated into the Oval Bridge combines 16 channels with 32 speakers and is designed to allow the music to follow visitors as they move along the bridge. By taking advantage of the sound-reflective properties of glass, it takes on an uncanny depth, leading visitors along the Bridge. 18

Search for the Earth Geo-Scope These interactive tabletops allow visitors to freely access a wide variety of Earth measurement data assembled from researchers and research organizations in Japan and around the world. The thirteen large and small tabletops with touch-panel displays arrayed on this floor are easy to operate and allow visitors to quickly find global-scale data on the topics in which they are interested. The extensive range of data includes seasonal changes in biological ecosystems, climate change, and predictions about the global environment, and the data are updated regularly. Since new information is always being added, this floor offers everyone the opportunity to form a bird s eye view of the world scientifically, based on objective data. 19

Theme Block The Earth Breathes Video query: Is the Earth Breathing? Theme Block The Earth and Organisms Video query: Why do the birds migrate? Contents Workflow There are two ways to access information from Geo-Scope. One is to place a Theme Block on the lower center at the Geo- Scope (the icons on the smaller tables). Another is to choose from the menu. G-Map Card CO2 map by IBUKI What is IBUKI satellite monitoring? CO2 Concentration Past and Present Observe the breath of the Earth. Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation The sunlight relates to the breathing. G-Map Card Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation It causes the Earth s variations. The Arctic Tern Migration How do they migrate? Ocean Vegetation What do they chase? The Seasons on Earth Why do they fly away? The Seasons on Earth You may feel the living Earth. Pacofoc Bluefin Tuna Migration Let's see another migration under the sea! 20

Theme Block Theme Block Theme Block Changing Cities Earthquakes The Works of Humanity Seen from Space Video query: How much did towns you know change? Video query: What is going on beneath the ground? Video query: How are we seen from space? G-Map Card Changing Tokyo as seen with Aerial Photos What used to be at the place where Miraikan is located now? Land Cover What can we learn from the different types of land? G-Map Card Earthquakes in the World Do earthquakes provide hints? Bathymetric Charts The real face of the Earth under the sea. G-Map Card Earth at Night What are those lights? Land Cover Forests? Fields? Cities? Forest Map How large are the forest areas of the Earth? Forest Fire So visible from Space. Global Chemical Weather Forecast Sunny, sometimes ozone? 21

Theme Block Theme Block Theme Block Effects of CO2 The World s Water The Ecological Function of Trees Video query: What will happen if CO2 increases? Video query: What is the hydrologic cycle? Video query: What is the origin? G-Map Card Forest Fires It causes CO2 emission! G-Map Card Sea ice in Arctic North Pole!? G-Map Card Forest Map Forests supply our needs. CO2 Map by IBUKI Monitor the current CO2 concentration. Atmospheric Temperature Close connection with CO2. Future Projection, Air Temperature The Earth s future with larger amount of CO2. Futute Projection Sea Acidity. The sea may also suffer from CO2. Future Projection, Precipitation It comes from the sky! Sea Acidity What happens in the ocean? Ocean Vegetation The Ocean harbours life. Earth Surface Temperature Why are land and sea surface temperatures different? World Map of Honeybees Where does the honey come from? Forest Fire Forest fires!! Pacific Bluefin Tuna Migration The tunas cross the Pacific Ocean. 22

Theme Block In Search of the Future Theme Block Timely Maps Additional information available through menus Video query: How will the Earth change in the future? Video query: What's up with our planet? Cherry blossom forecast G-Map Card G-Map Card Future Projection, Air Temperature Does it get hotter, or colder? Earthquakes in the world What triggers frequent earthquakes? Future projection, Sea Ice Does the ice show signs of melting? Future Projection, Precipitation Rainy day, rainy sky, rainy weather in the future? Future Projection, Sea Surface Temperature How about the sea surface temperature? Future projection, Sea Acidity How will the ocean change in the future? Earth at Night Think about the power consumption this year. Forest Fire How will the forest biodiversity change in future? The Earth seen from space Great Mormon swallowtail butterfly habitat Ozone concentration March 11, 2011 tsunami 23

The Equipment Theme Blocks Placing a Theme Block on a large-sized Geo-Scope interactive tabletop starts the movie associated with that theme, offering suggestions on how to discover the Earth. The blocks use silhouettes of humans, birds, trains, and other motifs and invite visitors to begin with those familiar items and gradually broaden their perspective to include global-scale Theme Blocks data. Tensegrity Stands The design of the Tensegrity Stands is based on Buckminster Fuller s tensegrity concept Chairs The chairs take the triangles that form AuthaGraphs as their motif. Tensegrity Stands and Chairs Site 24

Portray the Earth: Geo-Palette Geo-Palette is an online service that allows individuals to construct their own original maps of the world, based on information from a wide variety of countries and regions. Users are free to discover anew the global environment and human activities, by selecting from several hundred types of data and combining different types of data on a single map. Having created maps that reflect their personal perspectives, they can post them to the site to share them with other users. Please let everyone, everywhere know about this new way to see the world. For details, point your browser to http://geopalette.jp/ 25

How to Enjoy Geo-Palette STEP 1 See the Maps STEP 2 Make Your Own Maps Examples of Contributed Maps The site displays maps contributed from all over the world. The diversity of the world appears clearly in the variety of ways of thinking and values displayed in these maps. You can create a new map by adding your choice of scientific and statistical data to the map template. Combining different types of data leads to new discoveries. How fortunate is Japan? This map combines data about the proportion of people with toilets with mass transit. Easy Places to Make Apples Poached in Wine. This map combines data on the production volumes of apples, butter, and wine. 26

AuthaGraph World Map Geo-Palette and Geo-Scope both make use of a new map projection system called AuthaGraph. This system, in which the three-dimensional globe is projected on a two-dimensional rectangular map that preserves the relative proportions of surface area, was proposed in 1999 by architect Hajime Narukawa. Using this system to redistribute the globe on a flat surface in a way that maintains uniform distortion, Narukawa succeeded in producing the AuthaGraph World Map. In this map the rectangles ensure that the proportions of the Earth s surface covered by land and sea are virtually the same as they are in reality. Miraikan employs the AuthaGraph, which it regards as the new global standard, replacing the now more than 400-year-old Mercator projection. 27

The AuthaGraph Process in Six Simple Steps Hajime Narukawa Born in 1971. Architect. Graduate of the Shibaura Institute of Technology. Master s degree from Tokyo University of the Arts. Winner of the Japan Institute of Architects Young Architect Award in 1994 for his design of the Golden Gai Theater. That year, he also began his research on geometry. 1 Divide the surface of the globe into 96 triangular regions. 2 Size them to reflect the proportions of the Earth s surface that they occupy (in this case, 1/96th). His numerous other awards include the Salon de Printemps Award in 1996. After working as an instructor at the Arnhem Academy of Architecture and at Sasaki and Partners, he established AuthaGraph in 2009. 3 Preserve their relative proportions while transferring them to a tetrahedron. 4 5 6 Use scissors to cut open the tetrahedron. The result is a rectangular world map with a height to width proportion of 1: 1.73. Neighboring maps can be linked together in a seamless map in which the proportions of areas are preserved. 28

Comparison/ Rectangle or Accuracy AuthaGraph: Combining the Strengths of Mercator and Dymaxion Maps Compared with Mercator maps The attempt to display the globe on a rectangular sheet of paper has a long history, for there is no one perfect solution. Mercator maps, in which the projection entirely fills the rectangular surface, have been in use since the Age of Exploration. After 440 years of their use, they are familiar to everyone. However, on these maps the shortest path between two points is a curve (a great circle ), and it is impossible to display the polar regions properly. After all, in the late 16th century, when Mercator drew this map, Antarctica had 1km not yet been discovered. 29

Real length on the Earth is 1km at latitude=89.98. Real length on the Earth is 1km at latitude=89.98. Length on the map =1km Length on the map =1km North Atlantic North The map does not fill the rectangle; The map does not fill white space is left over. the rectangle; South Atlantic South Atlantic white space is left over. Atlantic South Atlantic South Atlantic Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Indian Ocean The Pacific Ocean is split into threepacific parts.ocean is split into The three parts. Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean ダイマキシオン マップ ダイマキシオン マッDymaxion プ The Dymaxion Map Dymaxion Map Map Announced by Buckminster Fuller in 1946, the Dymaxion map displays the continents in their バックミンスター フラーが1946年 correct proportions. On this map, the USA バックミンスター フラーが1946年 に発表したダイマキシオン マップは and the Soviet に発表したダイマキシオン マップは 大陸の形を極力正しく表示し 北Union are drawn facing each 大陸の形を極力正しく表示し 北 Arctic Ocean. One defect is, other across the 極海を挟んで米ソが対立する構図 極海を挟んで米ソが対立する構図 を描くことができる一方 however, 陸地を優 that because priority is given to the を描く ことができる一方 陸地を優 先したため海が分断されるという欠 continents, the oceans are split up in these 先したため海が分断されるという欠 点があった 点があった maps. Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean Ocean currents cannot be displayed. Ocean currents cannot be displayed. We see that a flight from Tokyo to Europe passes near Anchorage. tangular flat surface produces distortions オーサグラフ オーサグラフ AuthaGraph(the Mercator projection), while correcting the AuthaGraphdistortions produces a map with jagged edges Europe Europe North Atlantic Ocean Greenland North Atlantic Ocean Brasilia Anchorage Anchorage Houston Houston Tokyo Tokyo Brasilia It is able It is to able describe to describe distance distance moremore accurately. accurately. Greenland South Atlantic Ocean South Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Australia Australia Houston is on the straight flight path that connects Tokyo and Brasilia. Houston is on the straight flight path that connects Tokyo and Brasilia. These existing types of maps had shortcomings: To project the globe to fill a rec- We see that a flight from Tokyo to Europe passes near Anchorage. Indian Ocean AuthaGraph Antarctica Antarctica The size of the Ozone Hole is correctly depicted. The size of the Ozone Hole is correctly depicted. 上記のように従来の地図は (the Dymaxion map). In the AuthaGraph, the 上記のように従来の地図は 1.全球面を四角い平面に収めようと 1.全球面を四角い平面に収めようと すると 歪む globe is projected onto the rectangular surface すると 歪む in a series 2.歪みを直そうとすると 地図の輪 of steps that result in its filling the 2.歪みを直そうとすると 地図の輪 郭自体がギザギザになる 写真分野 rectangle (as in Mercator projections) while 郭自体がギザギザになる 写真分野 で いうと けられ と呼ばれ る余白 also preserving で い う と け ら れ と 呼 ば れ る余白 the correct outlines and ができる ができる surface dimensions of the Earth s surface (as のどちらかの欠点を持っていた のどちらかの欠点を持っていた in the 球から平面へ Dymaxion map). 今回提案する地図は 今回提案する地図は 球から平面へ 正四面体を経由しつつ多 の転写を 正四面体を経由しつつ多 の転写を 階層に投影(写像)するなどという方 階層に投影(写像)するなどという方 法により メルカトル図法と同じ長 法により メルカトル図法と同じ長 方形でありながら ダイマキシオン 方形でありながら ダイマキシオン マップ同様 面積と輪郭を極力正し マップ同様 面積と輪郭を極力正し く表示することができる く表示することができる 30

Distinctive Features of the AuthaGraph Map A Fully Connected World Using the AuthaGraph process, it is possible to create a map that displays the globe in a variety of ways. In this case, the continents and the oceans are connected seamlessly, like the birds and fish in Escher s famous drawing. While it was once believed that the Earth was an infinite plane, in AuthaGraph maps, its surface does become an infinite plane. In these maps, the ability to extend the map in all directions makes it possible to reproduce the unbounded characteristic of the surface of a sphere. Thus, starting from any point, a new triangular, parallelogram, or rectangular map of the world can be carved out. A new map can be created in which the center of the Earth is any point on the globe. Discarding the notion of a fixed center, this map allows us to examine the world freely from a de-centered perspective. Just as the list of the world s leading nations has grown from the G7 to the G20, today every aspect of the world s scholarly knowledge politics, economics, culture is changing radically. The AuthaGraph reflects that changing world, our twenty-first century world in which information networks cover the globe. 31

The Tsunagari project invites additional contributions from researchers and artists who wish to share data. If you are interested in contributing, please send an email message to tsunagari-project@miraikan.jst.go.jp. National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation (Miraikan) 2-3-6 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064 TEL 03-3570-9151 FAX 03-3570-9150 URL www.miraikan.jst.go.jp