conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 Welcome to Investigative Science with Mr. Fireng. Get out your stampsheet/warm-up packet. Get out your interactive journal. Take out homework from binder and put on desk (this may be in your interactive journal).. Get out agenda from binder. Write your homework for the next day in your agenda, fold agenda back and leave open your agenda open on you desk. 5. Put Binder Away (in backpack or underdesk) Start warm up. If you are not ready and working at the end of the -min drill you will lose your participation points. Tuesday, January 7, 07
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Our Place in the Universe What is our Universe made of? How big are things? How far away? How do we know?
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. What is our Universe made of? Stars and planets Gas and dust Organized into star clusters Organized into nebulae Organized into galaxies Other things: Black holes Dark Dark energy
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Asteroids: small, airless rocky worlds revolving around the sun that are too small to be called planets.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Asteroid Facts Asteroids are rocky leftovers of planet formation. Largest is Ceres, diameter ~,000 km 50,000 in catalogs, and probably over a million with diameter > km. Small asteroids are more common than large asteroids. All the asteroids in the solar system wouldn t add up to even a small terrestrial planet. It is assumed other solar systems have asteroids, but we can see them. Meteoroids are different, much smaller
Asteroid Belt Learning goal: Learning goal: To understand how the law of conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Asteroid Belt where most asteroids are. At distance between and.5 AU, between Mars and Jupiter Three asteroids have diameter more than 00 km About 00 asteroids are bigger than 00 km Thousands of asteroids with diameters larger than km The vast majority are less than km
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Comets An icy body that releases gas or dust. They are often compared to dirty snowballs, though recent research has led some scientists to call them snowy dirtballs.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Comet Facts Formed beyond the frost line, comets are icy counterparts to asteroids. Dirty snowballs = the nucleus Most comets do not have tails. Most comets remain perpetually frozen in the outer solar system. Only a few enter the inner solar system, where they can grow tails.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Famous Comets: Halley's Comet Halley's Comet is arguably the most famous comet. It is a "periodic" comet and returns to Earth's vicinity about every 75 years, making it possible for a human to see it twice in his or her lifetime. The last time it was here was in 986, and it is projected to return in 06
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Famous Comets: Comet Hale Bopp Comet Hale Bopp (formally designated C/995 O) was perhaps the most widely observed comet of the 0th century and one of the brightest seen for many decades. It was visible to the naked eye for a record 8 months, twice as long as the previous record holder, the Great Comet of 8.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Famous Comets: Comet Hale Bopp Heaven's Gate was an American UFO religious Millenarian group. Police discovered the bodies of 9 members of the group who had committed mass suicide in order to reach what they believed was an alien space craft following Comet Hale Bopp.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Famous Comets: Rosetta Comet We landed a spacecraft on a comet!! The U.S. made the first landings on the Moon and Mars, but the European Space Agency claimed a spot in space history on Wednesday by landing its Rosetta drone on a comet after the probe traveled billion miles during a decade.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Planets A body in orbit around a star. Three conditions are required for planethood:. A planet must orbit a star,. be large enough so that its own gravity molds it into a spherical shape,. and it must have an orbit free of other small objects (like comets or asteroids)
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Odd orbit. Planets: What happen to Pluto?? Three conditions are required for planethood:. A planet must orbit a star,. be large enough so that its own gravity molds it into a spherical shape,. It must have an orbit free of other small objects (like comets or asteroids). The planet must have "cleared the neighborhood" Shares its orbital neighborhood with Kuiper belt objects such as the plutinos (big asteroids)
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Planets The order of the planets from closest to the Sun outwards is; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and finally Neptune.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dizqali5k "Goldilocks zone" the region around a star where a planet with sufficient atmospheric pressure can maintain liquid water on its surface On November, 0, astronomers reported, based on Kepler data, that there could be as many as 0 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs in the Milky Way alone!
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Planets Terrestrial Planets The Terrestrial, or rocky planets in our solar system orbit relatively close to the Sun. There are four terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Planets: Gas Giants Gas Giants Gas giants are large planets that contain more than 0 times the mass of Earth. Their compositions are mostly gases, such as hydrogen, and small amounts of
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Satellite (or moon): Any object that moves in a curved path around a planet. The smaller body is held in orbit by the planet s gravity.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Satellite (or moon) As of October 008, there are 76 known natural moons orbiting planets in our Solar System.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Satellite (or moon) How are they formed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hahpe8b6fdi The commonly accepted theory is that the moon was formed ~.5 billion years ago, about 0 50 million years after the origin of the Solar System, out of debris thrown into orbit by a massive collision between a smaller proto-earth and another planetoid, about the size of Mars.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Stars A luminous ball of gas, deriving its energy from nuclear reactions in its interior. Our Sun is the nearest star. A star is held together by own gravity.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Types of Stars Big Small Red Blue Yellow In groups
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Nebula A giant glowing cloud made up of dust and gas. Thought to be where solar systems and stars are born. A nebula is only seen when illuminated by bright stars nearby. Crab Nebula
A Perfect Storm of Turbulent Gases in the Omega/Swan Nebula The Cat's Eye Nebula: Dying Star Creates Fantasy-like Sculpture of Gas and Dust Gas Pillars in the Eagle Nebula: Pillars of Creation in a Star-Forming Region The Spirograph Nebula The Cone Nebula Horsehead Nebula Veil Nebula
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Nebula: Star Nurseries A large amount of gas and dust spread out in an immense volume in the nebula In the nebula gravity begins to pull some of the gas and dust together and it becomes more and more dense. The contracting gas and dust become so hot that nuclear fusion starts and enormous amounts of energy are released. A star is created! Crab Nebula
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Galaxies Immense systems containing billions of stars. Astronomers have estimated that the could contain 0 to 50 billion galaxies. Galaxies have different shapes: some are spiral, others are elliptical, or oval-shaped, and some are irregular
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Hubble Deep field https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oavjf_7ensg
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Spiral galaxy
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Elliptical Galaxies
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Irregular Galaxies
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Black holes The final phase of some stars, in which gravity sucks the star in on itself it implodes rather than explodes. This makes it so dense that not even light can escape its gravitational field. Often form in the center of galaxies.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Black holes: The Cosmic Vacuum Cleaner? No, People think of a black hole as being the s vacuum cleaner, sucking up everything within its path. As dramatic and as cool as it may sound, it is not quite true. When we look out into the, we find that most galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their cores.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Quasars Believed to be the oldest, most distant objects in the. Despite their small size they produce tremendous amounts of light and microwave radiation: not much bigger than Earth's solar system, they pour out 00 to,000 times as much light as an entire galaxy containing a hundred billion stars.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hehehbhq
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 Learning goal: Learning goal: To understand how the law of conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Learning scale: Know the law of conservation of and the law of conservation of energy Describe the Big Bang as of the. Apply the law of conservation of the as an system that converts but does not create and energy. Apply data and further concepts of scientific research to show that in the is moving further apart.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. What is Cosmology? What is the modern thought in cosmology? What is the Doppler effect? What is red shift/blue shift What is Hubble s law? What is the big bang theory? What is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation? Cosmology Summary
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 Learning goal: Learning goal: To understand how the law of conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Learning scale: Know the law of conservation of and the law of conservation of energy Describe the Big Bang as of the. Apply the law of conservation of the as an system that converts but does not create and energy. Apply data and further concepts of scientific research to show that in the is moving further apart.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. What is Cosmology? The study of the origin and development of the.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. What is Cosmology? So how did the begin?
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. What is Cosmology? Modern thought in cosmology is that the was born at a specific time and has been ever since
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. What is Cosmology? So where is the evidence?
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Edwin Hubble 99 Studied light given off by galaxies. Proposed Hubble s Law after studying these galaxies. Demonstrated that galaxies are all moving apart.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Edwin Hubble 99 Studied light given off by galaxies. Proposed Hubble s Law after studying these galaxies. Demonstrated that galaxies are all moving apart.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Edwin Hubble How did he know galaxies were moving away from us? Demonstrated that galaxies are all moving apart.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 Energy travels in waves
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 The Doppler Effect: an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 The Doppler Effect: Sound waves https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=honbyrbcjy
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 The Doppler Effect: Light Waves
Astronomy and the Doppler Shift Learning goal: Learning goal: To understand how the law of conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Redshift: The wavelength of an object moving away is at a lower frequency and is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. Red shift=moving away Blue Shift: The wavelength of an object moving TOWARDS you is at a higher frequency and is shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum. Blue shift=moving towards
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 What does this bumper sticker mean?
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Edwin Hubble Hobble observed that all galaxies gave off light in the Red part of the spectrum! Demonstrated that galaxies are all moving apart.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Hubble s Law All Galaxies exhibit redshifts of spectral lines The farther away a galaxy is from us, the faster it travels away from us
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Hubble s Law
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Hubble s Law: What does that have to do with the origins of the? Hubble's states that all galaxies are going forward in time.. So.. What about the past? If you go back, back in time.. It must have all been in one small infinitely dense mass which must have expanded into the..
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory was first proposed in the late 90 s. It states that there was an infinitely small, infinitely dense point that contained everything that is the. It was incredibly dense and hot. The Big Bang is believed to have occurred between 0 and 5 billion years ago. (Most scientists agree that the is.7 billion years old.)
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Misconceptions about the Big Bang There was no BANG! there was (and continues to be) an Rather than imagining a balloon popping and releasing its contents, imagine a balloon : an infinitesimally small balloon to the size of our current We tend to image the big bang as something that happen in space. The big bang was the beginning of space, so before the big bang there was no space. Boo.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) The Big Bang: Other Evidence:
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) Color is related to temperature An animal, or a human body, for example, emits some infrared radiation that can be detected by an infrared camera
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) If the started from a hot beginning and has been cooling off ever since, it would now be at a temperature of about degree C above absolute zero. A body at that temperature emits microwaves, and it is this radiation that we detect on earth.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) No what direction you look from Earth, Microwave radiation from deep space is raining down. So, the big-bang must have taken place at the same time everywhere.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) But we can also observe small fluctuations of temperature, that may have lead to the formation of the galaxies
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) Radiation from deep space left over from the time of the Big Bang. This is evidence that the big-bang must have taken place at the same time everywhere in the.
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Tuesday, January 7, 07 The Big Bang: Other Evidence: ) So many light elements! He, H and Li ) Quasars ) Radioactive decay ) Stellar formation and evolution 5) Speed of light and stellar distances
conservation of the big bang theory regarding formation of the and everything in it. Observation Almost all galaxies are red-shifted. The most distant galaxies exhibit the greatest redshift. The ratio of recessional velocity to distance is between 50 and 00 km/s per kiloparsec and is called the Hubble Constant. The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) found that the temperature of intergalactic space was not zero. Inference Almost all galaxies are moving away from the Milky Way. The most distant galaxies are moving away the fastest. The Universe has been for 8 to 5 billion years. The has not yet cooled from the rapid Big Bang. Tuesday, January 7, 07