Teaching Nanoscale Transport Phenomena Pamela Norris Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22902 VIRGINIA 1
UVa MAE 612 Microscale Heat Transfer Berkeley ME 259 Microscale Thermophysics and Heat Transfer MIT ME 2.57 Nano-to-Macro Transport Processes Ga Tech ME 8833 Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer and Thermophysics U Penn ME 572 Micro/Nanoscale Energy Transport UC Boulder MCEN 5228 Nano-to-Macroscale Transport Processes U Mich ME 539 Heat Transfer Physics (with a focus on size effects) Several more examples can be found. 2
Microscale Heat Transfer Courses Graduate Level Courses in Mechanical Engineering advanced statistical thermodynamics, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and kinetic theory concepts used to analyze thermophysics of microscale systems... -UC Berkeley ME 259 course description Typical Prerequisites Undergraduate thermo Undergraduate heat transfer Graduate thermo/statistical physics Note---no solid state physics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, or kinetic theory exposure is typically required 3
Microscale Heat Transfer has been taught for a decade at UVA (once every two years) First half of the course focuses on developing the solid state background required (with Kittel, Ashcroft and Mermin as the texts) with assigned homework The second half of the course uses current research papers in the field and relies on open discussion The final two weeks of the course are dedicated to student presentations of a current research topic Class size is typically 7 grad and 1 undergrad (all Mechanical and Aerospace Engineers) 4
Microscale Heat Transfer Text Books G. Chen, 2005, Nanoscale Energy Transport and Conversion: A Parallel Treatment of Electrons, Molecules, Phonons, and Photons, (Oxford University Press, New York). Z. M. Zhang, 2007, Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer, (McGraw Hill). 5
The challenge for the profession and engineering education is to ensure that the core knowledge advances in nanoscience, and other areas yet to be discovered are delivered to engineering students so they can leverage them to achieve interdisciplinary solutions to engineering problems in their engineering practice. (The Engineer of 2020: visions of engineering in the new century, National Academy of Engineering) 6
Proposal: Undergraduate Microscale Heat Transfer Course Interdisciplinary approach to microscale heat transfer Teach theory of heat transfer physics and microscale heat transfer phenomena driven by applications of nanotechnology and nanodevices in all disciplines Being developed with Patrick Hopkins, PhD student and NSF fellow. To be team taught in the Spring 2008. 7
Focus: Undergraduate engineering majors Relevant ABET Curriculum 2 semesters intro physics (mechanics + E&M) 1 semester general chemistry ordinary differential equations Goal: Microscale heat transfer class for undergraduates 8
Undergraduate course for all engineers should focus on concepts Basic thermodynamics (macro) Quantum mechanics Solid state physics Statistical mechanics Basic heat transfer (macro) Kinetic theory Nonequilibrium thermodynamics 9
Supplement the aforementioned topics with examples and motivating applications in various fields of nanotechnology and engineering IC development, processor speed, Moore s Law, FETs Quantum wells, VCSELs and waveguides Quantum dots Hard drive read head and magnetic materials Thermoelectric devices Current microscale heat transfer research and phenomena driven by applications (electronphonon coupling, TBR, EPRT) E. L. Wolf, 2004, Nanophysics and Nanotechnology: An introduction to modern concepts of nanoscience, (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim). 10
Basic thermodynamics Historical development Equilibrium thermo Selected sections in Chapters 1-6 D. Kondepudi and I. Prigogine, 1998, Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures, (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York). 11
Mechanics Harmonic motion of particles (Ch. 3 and 4) Lagrangian mechanics (Ch. 10) Dynamics of oscillating systems (Ch. 11) Fowles and Cassiday, 1999, Analytical Mechanics 6th Ed., (Harcourt Brace, Orlando). 12
Origins of quantum theory History BB radiation Photoelectric effect de Broglie postulate Uncertainty principle Sections in Chapters 3 5 Llewellyn and Tipler, 2000, Modern Physics 3rd Ed., (Freeman, New York). 13
Quantum mechanics Schrodinger Free particles Potential well 14 Griffiths, 2000, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 2nd Ed., (Prentice Hall, New Jersey).
Statistical mechanics Partition functions Particle development of basic thermo Energy storage on the microscale Reif, 1965, Fundamentals of statistical and thermal physics, (McGraw-Hill, Inc.,New York). 15
Solid state physics Crystal structure Vibrations Phonon properties and link to statistical Electron properties and link to statistical Kittel, 2005, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Ed., (John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey). 16
Basic heat transfer and kinetic theory Modes of heat transfer Particle view of heat transfer electrons and phonons Phenomena in microscale heat transfer using theory previously developed through nanoscale applications: what happens when device x is shrunk down to y length scale? How is transport affected based on quantum mechanics, solid state physics, and statistical mechanics? Reif, 1965, Fundamentals of statistical and thermal physics, (McGraw-Hill, Inc.,New York). 17
Non-equilbrium thermodynamics Wrap up with 1-2 lectures pointing to the differences and where this can go and how non-equilibrium effects are starting to become increasingly important Part IV, Chapters 15-17 D. Kondepudi and I. Prigogine, 1998, Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures, (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York). 18
It is our hope that by teaching students the fundamentals of the physics of heat transport with a bottom up approach even before they have seen the entire system or the macroscale, they will be able to better understand how effects at the nanoscale influence and limit system performance and that we can train students that are better able to find interdisciplinary solutions to practical design problems. 19