Biology 2 Chapter 21 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is not a tissue system of vascular plants? a. vascular tissue c. ground tissue b. dermal tissue d. cuticle tissue 2. The xylem in a plant a. transports food from the leaves. b. transports water and minerals. c. exchanges carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. d. exchanges sugars and starches with leaves. 3. The phloem in a plant a. transports sugars. b. transports water and minerals. c. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere. d. exchanges water and oxygen with the soil. 4. The ground tissue that is made up of chloroplast-rich cells is located in the a. root. c. stem. b. xylem. d. leaves. 5. vascular tissue: transport of fluids :: a. epidermis : support c. dermal tissue : transport of fluids b. dermal tissue : storage d. ground tissue : photosynthesis 6. The large central root of a carrot is an example of which type of root system? a. adventitious c. taproot b. aerial d. fibrous 7. The primary function of root hairs is a. to strengthen roots as they grow downward. b. to transport food up the stem. c. absorption of water and minerals. d. water storage. 8. The vascular bundles of dicot stems are arranged a. in rings surrounded by ground tissue. b. scattered throughout ground tissue. c. in pith scattered throughout ground tissue. d. in cortex scattered throughout ground tissue. 9. Leaves with an undivided blade are called a. tendrils. c. compound. b. spines. d. simple. 10. leaves : carbon dioxide from the air :: a. leaves : water from the air c. roots : carbon dioxide from the air b. roots : light from the air d. roots : nutrients from the soil
11. The tissue of the leaf mesophyll that is located directly below the upper epidermis and consists of tightly packed column-shaped cells is the a. palisade layer. c. adventitious layer. b. cortex. d. pith. Four Different Kinds of Leaves 12. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the leaves is a compound leaf? a. leaf a c. leaf c b. leaf b d. leaf d 13. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the leaves is most likely to be a leaf from a monocot? a. leaf a c. leaf c b. leaf b d. leaf d The diagram below shows a leaf cross section. 14. Refer to the illustration above. All of the following relate to structure A except that it a. is the cuticle. c. covers the epidermis. b. protects the leaf. d. conducts photosynthesis. 15. During periods of primary growth at apical meristems, stems and roots a. become wider. c. maintain a constant number of cells. b. become longer. d. undergo meiosis. 16. secondary growth : width :: a. secondary growth : height c. apical meristem : width b. lateral meristem : length d. primary growth : length 17. Photosynthesis enables plants to produce most of the organic molecules that they need. This process requires the use of all of the following except
a. carbon dioxide. c. light. b. water. d. glucose. 18. The movement of water through a plant is caused by a. the attraction of water molecules to sugar molecules. b. the force of osmosis drawing water into the roots. c. transpiration from leaves and stems. d. translocation of sugars in the stems. 19. The loss of water vapor through the leaves of a plant is called a. translocation. c. active transport. b. osmosis. d. transpiration. 20. The stomata are responsible for a. translocation. c. regulating water loss. b. leaf growth. d. the transport of minerals. 21. The guard cells that surround a stoma a. have no walls. b. swell with water, causing the stoma to open. c. shrink when opening the stoma. d. are responsible for translocation. 22. The transport of food from the leaves to the rest of the plant is called a. translocation. c. active transport. b. osmosis. d. transpiration. 23. One model that explains the movement of sugar in a plant is known as the a. transpiration model. c. pressure-flow model. b. translocation model. d. source-sink model. 24. Trees do not have a structure that pumps fluids like a heart. How do fluids move from the roots to the leaves of trees without a pump? a. The properties of water move fluids up trees. b. Trees do not need to transport fluids. c. Water is pushed when pressure is applied to the roots. d. Hydrogen bonds are stronger in trees than in animals. 25. What would happen if a plant's vascular system contained only xylem? a. The vascular system would still function normally. b. The vascular system would be made up mostly of photosynthesizing cells. c. The vascular system would be unable to transport water and dissolved mineral nutrients. d. The vascular system would be unable to transport the products of photosynthesis. 26. Primary growth increases a plant's a. flowers. b. branches. c. length. d. thickness. 27. Which of these processes requires a plant to use energy? a. moving water into the phloem b. lifting water up the xylem
c. losing water by transpiration d. loading sugars into the phloem 28. Figure 21.2 shows a cross section through a tree. About how old is the tree? a. between 1 and 10 years b. between 11 and 20 years c. between 21 and 30 years d. between 31 and 40 years 29. The thin stalk that attaches a leaf to a stem is called a a. blade. b. cuticle. c. bud. d. petiole. 30. How would most plants first be affected if they did not lose water by transpiration? a. They would be unable to carry out photosynthesis. b. They would be unable to lift water to their top branches. c. They would be unable to move sugars through the phloem. d. They would be unable to form sclerenchyma cells. 31. What happens to the guard cells when a plant is losing water from transpiration faster than it is gaining water at its roots? a. They deflate and open the stomata. b. They inflate and open the stomata. c. They deflate and close the stomata. d. They inflate and close the stomata. 32. What problem would most plants face if they tried to grow in an aquatic environment? a. forming flowers b. exchanging gases c. getting nitrogen d. staying warm 33. The strongest plant cells are a. parenchyma cells. b. collenchyma cells. c. sclerenchyma cells. d. dermal cells.
34. What is the function of collenchyma cells? a. to store starch, oils, and water for the plant b. to provide support while allowing the plant to grow c. to transport materials through long strands d. to connect different types of cells 35. The function of the vascular tissue is to a. secrete a substance that becomes the cuticle. b. cover the outside of a plant and protect it. c. provide support and supply materials. d. transport water and nutrients to all parts of the plant. 36. Cohesion is a result of hydrogen bonds that form between a. water molecules. b. water and the xylem wall. c. tracheid cells. d. vessel elements. 37. Transpiration lowers the pressure in the leaf xylem, creating a vacuum that a. forces water out of leaves. b. pulls water upward. c. attracts water to the xylem wall. d. moves water into the phloem. 38. In the pressure-flow model, sugar is pumped into the phloem, and water flows into the phloem through a. stomata. b. sap. c. active transport. d. osmosis. 39. Which type of tissue makes up most of the inside of a plant? a. dermal b. ground c. vascular d. phloem 40. Roots absorb water partly through tiny extensions of dermal cells called a. lateral meristems. b. apical meristems. c. vascular cylinders. d. root hairs. 41. Figure 21.2 shows a cross section through a tree. What does each ring represent?
a. one winter of growth b. one year of growth c. five years of growth d. ten years of growth 42. The blade of a leaf is connected to the stem by a thin stalk called a a. mesophyll. b. cuticle. c. bud. d. petiole. 43. Which leaf adaptations occur to minimize water loss in both deserts and cold dry climates? a. plump leaves that store water b. large and broad leaves c. needles and spines d. compound and double compound leaves 44. The upper surfaces of leaves are used mainly for a. light gathering. b. gas exchange. c. collecting water. d. protection from predators. 45. Water loss is not a problem for what group of plants? a. desert plants b. aquatic plants c. cold-climate plants d. dry-climate plants