Classification Classifying Organisms * Organisms are divided into 3 domains and 6 kingdoms based on the following characteristics Cell Type: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic - No nucleus Eukaryotic - nucleus Cell Structure: Cell wall & Organelles Cell wall give structure & support
Classification Classifying Organisms * Organisms are divided into 3 domains and 6 kingdoms based on the following characteristics Number of cells: Unicellular vs. Multicellular Unicellular - 1 cell Multicellular - more than 1 cell Nutrition: Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic Autotrophic - makes their own food Heterotrophic - must consume food Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual
D O M A I N S K I N G D O M S
Archaebacteria Domain - Archaea Kingdom - Archaebacteria * Prokaryotic cells * Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan * Unicellular * Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic * Live in extreme environments Examples: Thermophiles - extreme temperatures Halophiles - extreme salinity Methanogens live in methane gas
Bacteria Domain - Bacteria Kingdom - Eubacteria * Prokaryotic cells * Cell walls contain peptidoglycan * Unicellular * Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic * Asexual Reproduction Examples: Streptococcus Escherichia coli * Bacteria can be further classified by shape Coccus (cocci): round Bacillus (bacilli): rod-like Spirillus (spirilli): spiral
Bacteria * Bacteria can be helpful - Help to produce food products: yogurt, pickles - Decomposers - recycle nutrients in the environment - Help organisms digest food - Transgenic bacteria can produce medicines * Bacteria can be harmful - Pathogens: agents that cause disease - Can be treated with an antibiotic Examples: strep throat, pneumonia, tuberculosis
Protists Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Protista * Eukaryotic cells * (some) Cell walls contain cellulose * Unicellular and multicellular * Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic * Mostly asexual reproduction Examples: Paramecium, euglena, algae
Protist Movement * Flagella - whiplike projection * Cilia - hairlike projections * Pseudopod - false foot formed when cytoplasm moves into a projection of the cell membrane * Protists can be helpful - Help to produce food products: ice cream, gels - Algae produce the majority of oxygen on our planet * Protists can be harmful - Pathogens: agents that cause disease Examples: malaria, ameobic dysentary
Protist effect on equilibrium * These are beneficial, but can be harmful when the microorganisms disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium *Example: If something were to happen to green algae, the decrease in population size would severely affect the rest of the ecosystem that is dependent on algae (pretty much everything)
Fungi Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Fungi * Eukaryotic cells * Cell walls contain chitin * Unicellular and multicellular * Heterotropic decomposers - externally digest dead matter * Asexual and Sexual reproduction Examples: Yeast, bread mold, mushrooms * Fungi can be helpful - Decomposers - recycle nutrients - Live on plant roots and help plants absorb nutrients - Food products - mushrooms, bread, wine, soy sauce - Used to produce antibiotics; penicillin * Fungi can be harmful - Pathogens: agents that cause disease Examples: athletes foot, ringworm - Spoil food
Fungi Domain - Eukarya Kingdom Fungi * Fungi can disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium The Great Famine of Ireland (1800 s) -Potato Blight -Fungus that infected potatoes -Caused humans to starve as a result, resulted in a mass immigration from Ireland
Plants Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Plantae * Eukaryotic cells * Cell walls contain cellulose * Multicellular * Autotrophic * Asexual and Sexual reproduction Examples: Corn, ferns, pine trees
Animals Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia * Eukaryotic cells * No cell wall * Multicellular * Heterotrophic * (Mostly) sexual reproduction Examples: bees, turtles, fish, elephants