Process Valves Model Selection For product specifications such as maximum operating pressure differentials and operating temperature ranges, refer to the relevent pages of each product. Air, Inert gas One-touch fittings VDW VX VXK Only low wattage, DC type VXE VX3 Air, VXD Inert gas Zero pressure differential operation VXZ VXP For dry air VQ0/30 VNA VNB VDW VX / /4 ø3., ø4, ø ø, ø, ø0, ø ø0, ø3/", ø ø0, ø3/", ø ø, ø, ø0, ø VXK VXE VX3 Vacuum Low vacuum Vacuum Medium vacuum High vacuum VDW VDW VX VXK VX3/VXV3 VDW VX VX3 VNB XL XM/XY XVD Option: V, M Flow rate adjustment VXV3 / /4
Model Selection Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 0 5 0 5 3 3 3/ / / / P.37 P.7 P.73 P.90 P.30 P.0 P.5 P.43 P.43 P.4 P.47 VXD VXZ VXP VQ0/30 VNA VNB Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 0 5 0 5 3 3 3/ / / / P.37 P.7 P.73 P.30 P.37 P.7 P.30 P.47 Vacuum KF:, 5,,, 3, 0; K3, 0 Best Pneumatics No. Vacuum KF:, 5,,, 3, 0; K3, 0 For VCR /4; For swage lock: S/4 XL XM/XY XVD 3
Process Valves Model Selection For product specifications such as maximum operating pressure differentials and operating temperature ranges, refer to the relevent pages of each product. Water VDW VX VXK VXE VX3 VXD VXZ VXP VXR VXH VNB Water One-touch fittings / /4 ø3., ø4, ø Only low wattage, DC type Zero pressure differential operation Water hammer relief Only AC type, MPa or less Heated water Heated water VDW VX VXK VX3 VXD VXZ VXP VXR VNB VX VXD 4 / /4 Option: E, P Zero pressure differential operation, Option Option: E, P Water hammer relief, Option: D VXK VXZ VXE
Model Selection Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 0 5 0 5 3 3 3/ / / / P.37 P.7 P.73 P.90 P.30 P.0 P.5 P.43 P.55 P.5 P.47 Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 0 5 0 5 3 3 3/ / / / P.7 P.73 P.30 P.0 P.5 P.43 P.55 P.47 VXP VX3 VXR VXH VNB 5
Process Valves Model Selection 3 For product specifications such as maximum operating pressure differentials and operating temperature ranges, refer to the relevent pages of each product. Oil Oil VX VXK VXE VX3 VXH VXD VXZ VXP VXR VNA VNB / /4 Only low wattage, DC type, Option: A, H Option: A, D, H, N Only AC type,.5 MPa or less Zero pressure differential operation Option: A, D, H, N Water hammer relief, Option: A, D Steam Steam VX VXK VX3 VXS VXP VND VX VXS / /4 Option: S, Q Option: S VXK VXP VXE VXR VNA
Model Selection Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 0 5 0 5 3 3 3/ / / / P.7 P.73 P.90 P.30 P.5 P.0 P.5 P.43 P.55 P.4 P.47 Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 0 5 0 5 3 3 3/ / / / P.7 P.73 P.30 P.7 P.43 P.544 VX3 VXH VNB VXD VND 7
Process Valves Model Selection 4 For product specifications such as maximum operating pressure differentials and operating temperature ranges, refer to the relevent pages of each product. High pressure compressed air High pressure compressed air 0 / /4 3/ VXE Only low wattage, DC type, 3 MPa or less VXH Only AC type, MPa or less VCH Only G thread type, 5 MPa or less VCH0 Only G thread type Coolant Coolant VXE 0 / /4 3/ SGC SGH VNC VNH VXH VCH VCH0 Chemical liquids, Pure water Chemical liquids, Pure water LV LVM Female thread type, with fittings type available With fittings type, female thread type available 0 / /4 3/ Body ported: ; Base mounted: M Dust collector Dust collector VXF Dedicated for dust collector 0 5 /
Model Selection Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 5 0 5 3 3 / / / P.90 P.5 P.357 P.3 Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 5 0 5 3 3 5 0 / / / / 3 P.44 P.9 P.5 P.53 SGC SGH VNC VNH Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 5 0 5 3 3 / / / P.59 P.437 Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) 5 0 90 00 / 3 3 / 4 P.7 LV LVM VXF 9
Solenoid Valve Flow Characteristics (How to indicate flow characteristics). Indication of flow characteristics The flow characteristics in equipment such as a solenoid valve, etc. are indicated in their specifications as shown in Table (). Table () Indication of Flow Characteristics Corresponding equipment Pneumatic equipment Process fluid control equipment Indication by international standard C, b Av Other indications S Cv Cv Conformed standard ISO 35: 99 JIS B 390: 000 JIS B 390: 000 Equipment: JIS B 373, 374, 375, 379, 3 ANSI/(NFPA)T3..3: 990 IEC0534--3: 997 JIS B 005: 995 Equipment: JIS B 47, 47, 473. Pneumatic equipment. Indication according to the international standards () Conformed standard ISO 35: 99 : Pneumatic fluid powercomponents using compressible fluids Determination of flow-rate characteristics JIS B 390: 000 : Pneumatic fluid powercomponents using compressible fluids How to test flow-rate characteristics () Definition of flow characteristics The flow characteristics are indicated as a result of a comparison between sonic conductance C and critical pressure ratio b. Sonic conductance C : Value which divides the passing mass flow rate of an equipment in a choked flow condition by the product of the upstream absolute pressure and the density in a standard condition. Critical pressure ratio b : Pressure ratio (downstream pressure/upstream pressure) which will turn to a choked flow when the value is smaller than this ratio. Choked flow : The flow in which the upstream pressure is higher than the downstream pressure and where sonic speed in a certain part of an equipment is reached. Gaseous mass flow rate is in proportion to the upstream pressure and not dependent on the downstream pressure. Subsonic flow Standard condition (3) Formula for flow rate It is described by the practical units as following. When P + 0. b, choked flow P + 0. : Flow greater than the critical pressure ratio : Air in a temperature state of 0 C, absolute pressure 0. MPa (= 00 kpa = bar), relative humidity 5%. It is stipulated by adding the (ANR) after the unit depicting air volume. (standard reference atmosphere) Conformed standard: ISO 77: 990 Pneumatic fluid powerstandard reference atmosphere, JIS B 393: 000: Pneumatic fluid powerstandard reference atmosphere 93 Q = 00 x C (P + 0.) () 73 + t When P + 0. > b, subsonic flow P + 0. P + 0. b P + 0. Q = 00 x C (P + 0.) 93 () b 73 + t 0 Q : Air flow rate [dm 3 /min (ANR)], dm 3 (Cubic decimeter) of SI unit are also allowed to be described by L (liter). dm 3 = L
Solenoid Valve Flow Characteristics C : Sonic conductance [dm 3 /(s bar)] b : Critical pressure ratio [] P : Upstream pressure [MPa] P : Downstream pressure [MPa] t : Temperature [ C] Note) Formula of subsonic flow is the elliptic analogous curve. Flow characteristics are shown in Graph () For details, please make use of SMC s Energy Saving Program. Example) Obtain the air flow rate for P = [MPa], P = 0.3 [MPa], t = 0 [ C] when a solenoid valve is performed in C = [dm 3 /(s bar)] and b = 0.3. 93 According to formula, the maximum flow rate = 00 x x ( + 0.) x = 00 [dm 3 /min (ANR)] 73 + 0 0.3 + 0. Pressure ratio = = 0. + 0. Based on Graph (), it is going to be 0.7 if it is read by the pressure ratio as 0. and the flow ratio to be b = 0.3. Hence, flow rate = Max. flow x flow ratio = 00 x 0.7 = [dm 3 /min (ANR)] Flow rate ratio 0.9 0. 0.7 0. 0.5 0.3 0. 0. b = 0. 0. P 0.3 Equipment C, b P Q 0.5 0. 0 0 0. 0. 0.3 0.5 0. 0.7 0. 0.9 Graph () Flow characteristics (4) Test method Attach a test equipment with the test circuit shown in Fig. () while maintaining the upstream pressure to a certain level which does not go below 0.3 MPa. Next, measure the maximum flow to be saturated in the first place, then measure this flow rate at 0%, 0%, %, 0% and the upstream and downstream pressure. And then, obtain the sonic conductance C from this maximum flow rate. Besides that, substitute each data of others for the subsonic flow formula to find b, then obtain the critical pressure ratio b from that average. Pressure control equipment Pressure ratio (P + 0.) / (P + 0.) Pressure gauge or pressure convertor Thermometer Differential pressure gauge or differential pressure converter ød3 3d ød 3d3 ød Flow control valve Air supply Filter Shut off valve 0d3 0d Pipe for measuring temperature Pipe for measuring 3d pressure in the upstream side 0d Equipment for test 3d Pipe for measuring pressure in the downstream side Fig. () Test circuit based on ISO 35, JIS B 390 Flow meter
Solenoid Valve Flow Characteristics. Effective area S () Conformed standard JIS B 390: 000: Pneumatic fluid powercomponents using compressible fluids Determination of flow rate characteristics Equipment standards: JIS B 373: port solenoid valve for pneumatics JIS B 374: 3 port solenoid valve for pneumatics JIS B 375: 4 port, 5 port solenoid valve for pneumatics JIS B 379: Silencer for pneumatics JIS B 3: Fittings of flexible joint for pneumatics () Definition of flow characteristics Effective area S : The cross-sectional area having an ideal throttle without friction deduced from the calculation of the pressure changes inside an air tank or without reduced flow when discharging the compressed air in a choked flow, from an equipment attached to the air tank. This is the same concept representing the easy to run through as sonic conductance C. (3) Formula for flow rate When P + 0. 0.5, choked flow P + 0. 93 Q = 0 x S (P + 0.) (3) 73 + t When P + 0. > 0.5, subsonic flow P + 0. Q = x S 93 (P + 0.) (P P) (4) 73 + t Conversion with sonic conductance C: S = 5.0 x C (5) Q : Air flow rate[dm 3 /min(anr)], dm 3 (cubic decimeter) of SI unit are also allowed to be described by L (liter) dm 3 = L S : Effective area [mm ] P : Upstream pressure [MPa] P : Downstream pressure [MPa] t : Temperature [ C] Note) Formula for subsonic flow (4) is only applicable when the critical pressure ratio b is the unknown equipment. In the formula () by the sonic conductance C, it is the same formula as when b = 0.5. (4) Test method Attach a test equipment with the test circuit shown in Fig. () in order to discharge air into the atmosphere until the pressure inside the air tank goes down to 0.5 MPa (0. MPa) from an air tank filled with the compressed air at a certain pressure level (0.5 MPa) which does not go below 0. MPa. At this time, measure the discharging time and the residual pressure inside the air tank which had been left until it turned to be the normal values to determine the effective area S, using the following formula. The volume of an air tank should be selected within the specified range by corresponding to the effective area of an equipment for test. In the case of JIS B 373, 374, 375, 379, 3, the pressure values are in parentheses and the coefficient of the formula is.9. V Ps + 0. 93 S =. log0 () () t P + 0. T S : Effective area [mm ] V : Air tank capacity [dm 3 ] t : Discharging time [s] Ps : Pressure inside air tank before discharging [MPa] P : Residual pressure inside air tank after discharging [MPa] T : Temperature inside air tank before discharging [K] Air supply Thermometer Pressure control equipment Filter Shut off valve Timer (Clock) Pressure recorder Pressure switch Control circuit Air tank Pressure gauge or pressure convertor Rectifier tube in the upstream side Fig. () Test circuit based on JIS B 390 Power supply Solenoid valve Equipment for test Rectifier tube in the downstream side
Solenoid Valve Flow Characteristics.3 Flow coefficient Cv factor The United States Standard ANSI/(NFPA)T3..3: 990: Pneumatic fluid powerflow rating test procedure and reporting method for fixed orifice components Defines the Cv factor of flow coefficient by the following formula which is based on the test conducted by the test circuit analogous to ISO 35. Q Cv = (7) P (P + Pa) 4.5 T P : Pressure drop between the static pressure tapping ports [bar] P : Pressure of the upstream tapping port [bar gauge] P : Pressure of the downstream tapping port [bar gauge]:p = P P Q : Flow rate [dm 3 /s standard condition] Pa : Atmospheric pressure [bar absolute] T : Upstream absolute temperature [K] Test conditions are < P + Pa =.5 ± 0. bar absolute, T = 97 ± 5K, 0.07 bar P bar. This is the same concept as effective area A which ISO 35 stipulates as being applicable only when the pressure drop is smaller than the upstream pressure and the compression of air does not become a problem. 3. Process fluid control equipment () Conformed standard IEC0534--3: 997: Industrial process control valves. Part : Flow capacity, Section Three-Test procedures JIS B 005: 995: Test method for the flow coefficient of a valve Equipment standards: JIS B 47: Solenoid valve for water JIS B 47: Solenoid valve for steam JIS B 473: Solenoid valve for fuel oil () Definition of flow characteristics Av factor: Value of the clean water flow rate represented by m 3 /s which runs through a valve (equipment for test) when the pressure difference is Pa. It is calculated using the following formula. ρ Av = Q () P Av : Flow coefficient [m ] Q : Flow rate [m 3 /s] P : Pressure difference [Pa] ρ : Density of fluid [kg/m 3 ] (3) Formula of flow rate It is described by the practical units. Also, the flow characteristics are shown in Graph (). In the case of liquid: Q =.9 x 0 P Av (9) G Q : Flow rate [L/min] Av : Flow coefficient [m ] P : Pressure difference [MPa] G : Relative density [water = ] In the case of saturated aqueous vapor: Q =.3 x 0 Av P(P + 0.) (0) Q : Flow rate [kg/h] Av : Flow coefficient [m ] P : Pressure difference [MPa] P : Upstream pressure [MPa]: P = P P P : Downstream pressure [MPa] 3
Solenoid Valve Flow Characteristics Conversion of flow coefficient: Av = x 0 Kv = 4 x 0 Cv () Here, Kv factor : Value of the clean water flow rate represented by m 3 /h which runs through a valve at 5 to C, when the pressure difference is bar. Cv factor (Reference values): Figures representing the flow rate of clean water by US gal/min which runs through a valve at 0 F, when the pressure difference is lbf/in (psi). Value is different from Kv and Cv factors for pneumatic purpose due to different test method. Saturated steam flow rate Q0 [kg/h] (when Av = x 0 [m ]) 3 P = 0. MPa 0.9 P 0. Example = 0. MPa 0.7 0. P = 0.5 MPa 0.5 0.3 0. P = 0. MPa Upstream pressure P = MPa P = 0. MPa P = 0.3 MPa Pressure differential P [MPa] P = MPa Example 0. 0. 0.00 0.00 0.003 0.004 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.04 0. Graph () Flow characteristics Example ) Obtain the pressure difference when water 5 [L/min] runs through a solenoid valve with an Av = 45 x 0 [m ]. Since Q0 = 5/45 = 0.33 [L/min], according to Graph (), if reading P when Q0 is 0.33, it will be 0.03 [MPa]. Example ) Obtain the saturated steam flow rate when P = 0. [MPa], P = 0.00 [MPa] with a solenoid valve with an Av =.5 x 0 [m ]. According to Graph (), if reading Q0 when P is 0. and P is 0.00, it is 0.7 [kg/h]. Hence, the flow rate Q = 0.7 x.5 =.05 [kg/h]. (4) Test method Attach a test equipment with the test circuit shown in Fig. (3). Next, pour water at 5 to C, then measure the flow rate with a pressure difference of 0.075 MPa. However, the pressure difference needs to be set with a large enough difference so that the Reynolds number does not go below a range of 4 x 0 4. By substituting the measurement results for formula () to figure out Av. Thermometer Test range 3 0.9 0. 0.7 0. 0.5 0.3 0. Water flow rate Q0 [L/min] (When Av = x 0 [m ]) Pressure tap Equipment for test Pressure tap Throttle valve in the upstream side Flow meter d 0d d 0d Throttle valve in the downstream side 4 Fig. (3) Test circuit based on IEC0534--3, JIS B 005
Flow Characteristics Note) Use this graph as a guide. In the case of obtaining an accurate flow rate, refer to pages 0 through to 4. For Air Downstream pressure of valve (P) MPa.0 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0.3 Upstream pressure of valve P Approx..0 MPa 0.5 00 00 300 3 0 00 00 300 0 0 0 00 00 00,000,0 3 700 0 700,000,300 0 700 700,000 How to read the graph The sonic range pressure to generate a flow rate of 0 L/min (ANR) is P Approx. 0. MPa for a ø4 orifice and P Approx. 0.5 MPa for a ø3 orifice. For Saturated Steam Downstream pressure of valve (P) MPa.0 0. 0. 0. 0 (4) (3) (3) (79) () (74) () (70) (0) (4) (5) (5) (5) (5) (54) (43) () (33) (4) (0) 0. 0. 0.3 0. 0.7 0. Flow rate Q L/min(ANR) 0.9 00,000,00 Upstream pressure of valve P Approx..0 MPa 0.5 0. 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 30 35 45 0 0 30 0 30 30 45 35 0 0 How to read the graph The sonic range pressure to generate a flow rate of 5 kg/h is 30 0.7 Flow rate Q kg/h 0. 0.9 0 0 70 0 P Approx. 0.55 MPa for ø orifice and P Approx. 0. MPa for ø3 orifice. The holding heat slightly differs depending on the pressure P, but at 5 kg/h it is approximately 9700 kcal/h. Subsonic Subsonic Critical pressure Sonic Sonic ø ø3 ø4 ø5 ø7 ø ø0 ø0 Critical pressure ø ø3 ø4 ø5 ø7 ø ø0 (Port size: /4) ø0 (Port size: 3/, /) 5
Flow Characteristics For Water 30 0 ø0 ø ø7 ø4, ø5 ø3 0 ø Flow rate Q L/min 5 4 3 0. 0.00 (0.00) (0.0054) 0.0 (0.03) 0.05 (0.07) Pressure differential P = (P P) MPa How to read the graph When a water flow of L/min is generated, P Approx. 0.03 MPa for a valve with ø3 orifice.