1 The melting temperature of sodium is lower than the melting temperature of magnesium. The best explanation for this is sodium atoms are smaller than magnesium atoms. sodium ions have a larger charge density than magnesium ions. the repulsion between the ions in sodium is less than in magnesium. the number of delocalised electrons per atom is fewer in sodium than in magnesium. 2 trend going down Group 1 is that the first ionization energy of the element decreases. lattice energy of the chloride becomes more negative. radius of the atom decreases. melting temperature of the element increases. PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
3 Which of the following properties decreases on descending Group 2 of the Periodic Table? Solubility of the sulfates. Solubility of the hydroxides. Reactivity of the elements. Ionic character of the oxides. 4 Which of the following is the correct equation for the decomposition of the corresponding nitrate? 4LiNO 2Li O 3 2 4NaNO 2Na O 3 2 Mg(NO 3 ) Mg(NO 2 ) 2 2 + O 2 + 4NO 2 + O 2 + 4NO 2 + O 2 a(no 3 ) a(no 2 ) 2 2 + O 2 5 When steam is passed over heated magnesium, which of the following occurs? Mg + H 2 O MgO + H 2 Mg + H 2 O MgOH + Mg + 2H 2 O Mg(OH) 2 + ½H 2 H 2 There is no reaction with the magnesium. PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
6 The first five ionization energies of an element, X, are 578, 1817, 2745, 11578 and 14831 kj mol 1, respectively. In which group of the Periodic Table is X found? 1 2 3 4 7 Going down Group 2 from calcium to barium the first ionization energy of the element increases. the strength of the metallic bonding increases. the polarizing power of the 2+ ion decreases. the stability of the nitrate to heat decreases. 8 white solid produces oxygen when it is heated, but no other gases. The solid could be lithium nitrate. potassium nitrate. strontium nitrate. calcium oxide. PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
9 solid is soluble in water and produces steamy acidic fumes with concentrated sulfuric acid. The solid could be potassium carbonate. magnesium sulfate. silver chloride. sodium chloride. 10 When solid samples of sodium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are strongly heated both compounds decompose. sodium carbonate decomposes but magnesium carbonate does not. magnesium carbonate decomposes but sodium carbonate does not. neither compound decomposes. 11 s Group 2 is descended the solubility of hydroxides and of sulfates increases. the solubility of hydroxides increases and of sulfates decreases. the solubility of hydroxides decreases and of sulfates increases. the solubility of hydroxides and of sulfates decreases. PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
12 The elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table have very similar chemical properties. This is because they have the same number of outer electrons. they have the same number of filled shells of electrons. their outer electrons are in the s sub-shell. their outer electrons have very similar shielding. 13 When a solution of barium chloride is added to sulfuric acid, a white precipitate is formed. The ionic equation (including state symbols) for this reaction is H + (aq) + l (aq) Hl(s) a + (aq) + SO 4 (aq) aso 4 (s) a 2+ (aq) + 2SO 4 (aq) a(so 4 ) 2 (s) a 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2 (aq) aso 4 (s) 14 The correct balanced equation for the reaction between heated magnesium and steam, including state symbols, is Mg(s) + H 2 O(l) MgO(s) + 2(g) Mg(s) + 2H 2 O(g) Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) Mg(s) + H 2 O(g) MgO(s) + 2(g) Mg(s) + 2H 2 O(l) Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
15 This question concerns the trends in properties on descending Group 2 of the Periodic Table. (a) What are the trends in solubility of sulfates and hydroxides down Group 2? Sulfates increase, hydroxides decrease. Sulfates decrease, hydroxides increase. Sulfates increase, hydroxides increase. Sulfates decrease, hydroxides decrease. (b) What are the trends in thermal stability of carbonates and nitrates down Group 2? arbonates increase, nitrates decrease. arbonates decrease, nitrates increase. arbonates increase, nitrates increase. arbonates decrease, nitrates decrease. (c) What are the trends in first ionization energy and electronegativity of the elements down Group 2? Ionization energy increases, electronegativity decreases. Ionization energy decreases, electronegativity increases. Ionization energy increases, electronegativity increases. Ionization energy decreases, electronegativity decreases. 3 marks) PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
16 Which of these electron density maps best represents the bonding in the compound lithium iodide, LiI? + + + δ+ δ 17 Which of the following statements is correct? arium sulfate is less soluble in water than calcium sulfate. arium hydroxide is less soluble in water than calcium hydroxide. arium nitrate undergoes thermal decomposition more readily than calcium nitrate. arium shows more than one oxidation state in its compounds. PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
18 When excess calcium is added to water, effervescence occurs and a clear colourless solution is formed. a cloudy suspension is formed. an orange-red flame is seen. a yellow flame is seen. 19 When samples of magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO 3 ) 2, and calcium nitrate, a(no 3 ) 2, are heated both compounds decompose to form the corresponding nitrite and oxygen. both compounds decompose to form the corresponding oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. magnesium nitrate decomposes to form magnesium nitrite and oxygen whereas calcium nitrate decomposes to form calcium oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. magnesium nitrate decomposes to form magnesium oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen whereas calcium nitrate decomposes to form calcium nitrite and oxygen. 20 The equation for the reaction between limewater and hydrochloric acid, including state symbols, is aoh(s) + Hl(aq) al(aq) + H 2 O(l) a(oh) 2 (s) + 2Hl(aq) al 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(aq) aoh(aq) + Hl(aq) al(aq) + H 2 O(aq) a(oh) 2 (aq) + 2Hl(aq) al 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l) PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
21 Element R is in Group 1 of the Periodic Table and element T is in Group 6. R and T are not the symbols for the elements. (a) The compound of R and T will have the formula RT RT 6 RT 2 R 2 T (b) The compound of R and T will have bonding which is predominantly ionic. covalent. dative covalent. metallic. (c) In terms of its electrical conductivity, the compound of R and T will conduct when solid and liquid. conduct when solid but not when liquid. conduct when liquid but not when solid. not conduct when solid or liquid. 3 marks) 22 The equation for the reaction between limewater and hydrochloric acid, including state symbols, is aoh(s) + Hl(aq) al(aq) + H 2 O(l) a(oh) 2 (s) + 2Hl(aq) al 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(aq) aoh(aq) + Hl(aq) al(aq) + H 2 O(aq) a(oh) 2 (aq) + 2Hl(aq) al 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l) PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
23 s you go down Group 2 of the Periodic Table, which of the following decreases? The reactivity of the elements. The solubility of the hydroxides of the elements. The solubility of the sulfates of the elements. The thermal stability of the carbonates of the elements. 24 Which of the following equations represents the change when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid potassium chloride at room temperature? 8Kl + 5H 2 SO 4 4K 2 SO 4 + H 2 S + 4l 2 + 4H 2 O 2Kl + 3H 2 SO 4 2KHSO 4 + SO 2 + l 2 + 2H 2 O 6Kl + 4H 2 SO 4 3K 2 SO 4 + S + 3l 2 + 4H 2 O Kl + H 2 SO 4 KHSO 4 + Hl 25 Going down Group 1 from lithium to rubidium the radius of the atom decreases. the radius of the ion decreases. the first ionization energy decreases. the polarizing power of the ion increases. PhysicsndMathsTutor.com
26 Which of the following could not be an element in Group 2? n element with an oxide which forms a solution of ph 10. n element with an insoluble sulfate. n element with a chloride which is liquid at room temperature. n element with a carbonate which decomposes on heating. 27 Which of the following trends occurs going down the elements in Group 2? The solubility of the hydroxides increases. The first ionization energy increases. The solubility of the sulfates increases. The stability of the carbonates to heat decreases. PhysicsndMathsTutor.com