PART III. KINEMATICS A. VOCABULARY REVIEWS On the line, write the term that correctly completes each statement. Use each term once. 1. rise (Δy) The vertical separation of any two points on a curve is the 2. time interval The difference between two clock readings is the 3. clock reading A measurement of time is a 4. displacement The change in position of an object is the 5. run (Δx) The horizontal separation of any two points on a curve is the 6. constant velocity An object that has the same average velocity for all time intervals is moving at 7. scalar A quantity that has only magnitude is a quantity. 8. speed The magnitude of velocity is the 9. slope The ratio of rise to run is the of a line of a graph. 10. vector A quantity has both magnitude and direction 11. average velocity The change of position divided by the time interval over which the change occurred is the 12. acceleration The change of velocity divided by the time interval over which the change occurred is the 13. average speed The total distance divided by the total time. 14. initial velocity The velocity when the clock reading is zero is the 15. final velocity The velocity after acceleration has occurred is the 16. acceleration due to gravity (g) The constant acceleration that acts on falling bodies is _ 1
2. 1. velocity The slope of a position-time graph gives the 2. acceleration The slope of a velocity-time graph gives the 3. s The units of time 4. meter The units of distance 5. m/s The units of velocity 6. m/s 2 The units of acceleration 3. 1. horizontal velocity Along the path of a projectile the is constant. 2. magnitude The size of a quantity is the 3. Pythagorean theorem The is a mathematical method to find the resultant. 4. zero The vertical velocity at the top of a projectile's path is 5. components When a projectile is thrown at an angle, it's initial velocity has two: 6. range Another name given to the horizontal distance is the B. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Speed is A) a measure of how fast something is moving. B) the distance covered per unit time. C) always measured in terms of a unit of distance divided by a unit of time. D) all of the above 2. One possible unit of speed is A) miles per hour. B) kilometers per hour. C) meters per second. D) all of the above 3. When you look at the speedometer in a moving car, you can see the car s A) instantaneous speed. 2
B) average speed. C) instantaneous acceleration. D) average acceleration. 4. Suppose you take a trip that covers 240 km and takes 4 hours. Your average speed is A) 480 km/h. B) 240 km/h. C) 120km/h. D) 60 km/h. 5. Acceleration is defined as the change in A) position divided by the time interval. B) velocity divided by the time interval. C) time it takes to move from one speed to another speed. D) time it takes to move from one place to another place. 6. Suppose you are in a car that is going around a curve. The speedometer reads a constant 30 miles per hour. Which of the following is NOT true? A) You and the car are accelerating. B) Your speed is constant. C) Your velocity is constant. D) Your acceleration is constant. 7. A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its path its acceleration is A) 0 m/s 2 B) about 5 m/s 2 C) about 10 m/s 2 D) about 20 m/s 2 8. A vector is a quantity that has A) magnitude and time. B) magnitude and direction. C) time and direction. 9. The horizontal component of a projectile s velocity is independent of A) the vertical component of its velocity B) the range of the projectile. C) time. 10. Which of the following would NOT be considered a projectile? A) A cannonball thrown through the air B) A cannonball rolling down a slope C) A cannonball thrown straight up D) A cannonball rolling off the edge of a table 3
11. A ball is thrown into the air at some angle between 10 degrees and 90 degrees. At the very top of the ball s path, its velocity is A) entirely vertical. B) entirely horizontal. C) both vertical and horizontal. D) There s not enough information given to determine. C. GRAPHS: In order to get credit please include: - Title of the graph: Position versus Time, Velocity versus Time - Label the axes with units: x (m), v (m/s), t (s) 1. Graph the following data on a position-time graph Position (m) Time (s) 0 0 20 1 40 2 60 3 80 4 100 5 2. What type of motion is represented by the graph? Constant speed Accelerated motion 3. Find the slope of the graph with appropriate units. (20 m/s) 4. What does the slope of a position-time graph represent? 4
5. Using the value found on part 3) graph the velocity vs. time for the 5 seconds. 6. Graph the following data. Position versus Time Time (s) Position (m) 0 0 1 10 2 40 3 90 4 160 5 250 7. What type of motion is represented by the graph? Constant speed Accelerated motion 8. Sketch a qualitative velocity-time graph for this motion: 5
UNDERLINE the answers to the questions of the motion of the Little Dots. (Refer to Little Dudes activities) 9. 10. Motion: (speeding up) or (not moving) Motion: (speeding up) or (not moving) 11. Motion: (speeding up) or (not moving) 12. Motion: (speeding up) or (not moving) 6
13. Sketch the graph that represents the motion of a car. a. Position versus Time graph b. Position versus Time graph at constant speed with positive acceleration c. Velocity versus Time graph d. Velocity versus Time graph at constant speed with positive acceleration e. Acceleration versus Time graph b. Acceleration versus Time graph at constant speed with positive acceleration 7