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INSTRUCTION: This section consists of SIX (6) structured questions. Answer FOUR (4) questions only. ARAHAN: Bahagian ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan struktur. Jawab EMPAT (4) soalan sahaja. QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 a) Define the definition of: Berikan maksud berikut: i. Gauge pressure Tekanan tolok ii. Absolute pressure Tekanan mutlak iii. Vacuum pressure Tekanan vakum [3 marks] [3 markah ] [3 marks ] [3 markah] [3 marks] [3 markah] C2 b) A manometer connected to a pipe indicates pressure of 0.5 bar. Calculate the absolute pressure in newton per meter square unit if the atmospheric pressure is 101.3kN/m 2. Satu manometer di sambungkan ke suatu paip dengan tekanan 0.5 bar. Kirakan nilai tekanan mutlak dalam unit N/m 2 jika tekanan atmosfera adalah 101.3kN/m 2. [6 marks] [6 markah] 2

C2 c) The specific gravity of ethyl alcohol is 0.79. Calculate: Nilai ketumpatan bandingan ethalen alkohol ialah 0.79. Kirakan: i. Specific weight Berat tentu [4 marks] [4 markah] ii. Mass density Ketumpatan [3 marks] [3 markah] iii. Specific volume Isipadu tentu [3 marks] [3 markah] QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 a) With the aid of a sketch, define the Principle of Archimedes Berikan definisi bagi Prinsip Archimedes dengan menggunakan bantuan lakaran. [5 marks] [5 markah] 3

b) An inverted U-tube manometer as shown in Figure Q2 (b) contains a manometer fluid, Q. The pressure of pipe B which contains fluid R is 30 kpa greater than the pressure of pipe A containing fluid Y (relative density = 1.2). Calculate the specific weight of the manometer fluid, Q. Manometer U-terbalik pada Rajah S2(b) mengandungi cecair manometer, Q. tekanan pada paip B yang mengandungi cecair R adalah 30kPa lebih tinggi berbanding tekanan dalam paip A yang mengandungi cecair Y (ketunpatan bandingan = 1.2). Kira berat tentu, w cecair manometer, Q. Q D E S Y = 1.2 Figure Q2 (b) Rajah S2 (b) [10 marks] [10markah ] 4

c) A hydraulic jack is used to lift a vehicle with weight, W= 35 N. The area of a small piston (A) is half than piston (B). Calculate: Satu bicu hidraulik digunakan untuk menaikkan sebuah kenderaan dengan berat, W=35 N. Keluasan silinder kecil, (A) adalah separuh dari silinder besar, (B). Tentukan: i. Minimum mass required to lift up the vehicle. Jisim minimum yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat kenderaan tersebut. [8 marks] [8 markah] ii. Minimum weight required to lift up the vehicle Berat minimum yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat kenderaan tersebut. [2 marks] [2 markah] QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 a) State and briefly explain FIVE (5) types of flow. Nyatakan dan terangkan secara ringkas LIMA (5) jenis aliran bendalir. [10 marks] [10 markah] b) With the aid of a sketch, define Continuity Equation. Dengan bantuan lakaran, berikan takrifan bagi Persamaan Keterusan. [5 marks] [5 markah] 5

c) A horizontal venturi meter as shown in Figure Q3(c) measures the flow of oil of specific gravity, s= 0.7 in a 100 mm diameter for inlet, D 1 pipe line and 50 mm diameter for outlet pipe line, D 2. If the difference of pressure between the full bore, D 1 and the throat, D 2 tapping is 77.7 kn/m 2, calculate the rate of flow, Q 1, assuming a coefficient of discharge is 0.55. Satu meter venturi mendatar seperti Rajah S3(c) mengukur aliran minyak dengan graviti tentu s= 0.7 dalam paip masukan berdiameter D 1= 100 mm dan diameter paip keluaran D 2 = 50 mm. Sekiranya perbezaan tekanan di antara ruang masukan, D 1 dan leher, D 2 adalah 77.7 kn/m 2 ; kirakan kadar aliran, Q 1 dengan menganggap pekali kadar alir adalah 0.55. [10 marks] [10 markah] Figure Q3(c) Rajah S3(c) 6

QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 a) List FOUR (4) causes of energy loss in the pipeline system. Senaraikan EMPAT (4) sebab kehilangan tenaga di dalam sistem talian paip. [4 marks] [4 markah] C2 b) A pipe carrying 1750 liter/min of water increases suddenly from 10 cm to 15 cm in diameter. Find: Sebuah paip mengalirkan air pada kadar 1750 liter/min mengalami pembesaran dari diameter 10 cm kepada 15 cm. Dapatkan: i. Energy loss due to sudden enlargement Kehilangan tenaga akibat pembesaran mendadak ii. Pressure difference for the both pipes in kn/m 2 Perbezaan tekanan bagi kedua-dua paip dalam kn/m 2 [10 marks] [10 markah] 7

c) Two reservoirs are connected by a pipeline which is 170 mm in diameter for the first 6 m and 230 mm in diameter for the remaining 15 m. The entrance and exit are sharp and the change of section is sudden enlargement. The water surface in the upper reservoir is 6 m above than in the lower. Tabulate the loss of heads which occur and calculate the rate of flow in m 3 /s. Coefficient of Friction, f is 0.01 for the both pipes. Dua buah takungan dihubungkan melalui satu paip bersiri. Bagi 6 m pertama, paip adalah berdiameter 170 mm dan baki 15 m paip adalah berdiameter 230 mm. Pinggir bahagian masukan dan keluaran adalah bersudut tepat dan perubahan keratan rentas berlaku secara mendadak. Perbezaan aras permukaan air diantara takungan atas dan takungan bawah adalah 6 m. Kirakan kehilangan tenaga aliran dan dapatkan nilai kadar alir di dalam paip dalam m 3 /s. Pekali geseran, f dalam paip adalah 0.01 untuk kedua-dua paip. [11 marks] [11 markah] QUESTION 5 SOALAN 5 a) Sketch and label the important parts of a venturi meter. Lakar dan labelkan bahagian-bahagian penting meter venturi. b) State THREE (3) types of energy in a flowing fluid. Nyatakan TIGA (3) jenis tenaga aliran dalam aliran bendalir. [4 marks] [4 markah] [3 marks] [3 markah] 8

c) A liquid has a uniform density flowing with a flow rate of 18 l / s in the AB pipe with 115 mm diameter. The pipe is branched at B to three pipes, BC, BD and BE as shown in Figure Q5(c). Diameter of pipes for BC and BD is 32 mm and the diameter of BE pipe is 64 mm. Volume flow rate through the BC pipe is 2.7 times greater than the flow rate through BE pipe. Velocity in the BD pipe is 4.3 m/s. Determine the: Cecair yang mempunyai ketumpatan seragam mengalir pada kadar 18 l / s dalam paip AB yang bergarispusat 115 mm. Paip ini bercabang pada B kepada 3 paip iaitu BC, BD dan BE seperti dalam Rajah S5(c). Garispusat paip BC dan BD ialah 32 mm dan garispusat paip BE ialah 64mm. Kadar alir isipadu melalui paip BC ialah 2.7 kali lebih besar daripada kadar alir isipadu melalui paip BE. Halaju aliran dalam paip BD ialah 4.3 m/s. Tentukan: i. Flow rate in unit meter cube per second for BC, BD and BE pipeline Kadar alir dalam unit meter padu per saat bagi paip BC, BD dan BE ii. Velocity of flow in pipelines AB, BC and BE. Halaju aliran di dalam paip AB, BC dan BE. C d BC = 32 mm Q BC = 2.7 Q BE A B D D BD = 32 mm V BD = 4.3 m/s d AB = 115 mm Q AB = 18 liter/saat E d BE = 64 mm Figure Q5(c) Rajah S5(c) [18 marks] [18 markah] 9

QUESTION 6 SOALAN 6 a) A nozzle is a device used to increase the velocity of a fluid. Muncung adalah alat yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan halaju bendalir. i. Name TWO (2) types of nozzle. Namakan DUA (2) jenis muncung. [2 marks] [2 markah] C2 C2 ii. iii. Sketch TWO (2) types of nozzle. Lakarkan DUA (2) jenis muncung. [4 marks] [4 markah] List FIVE (5) applications of nozzles in engineering. Senaraikan LIMA (5) kegunaan muncung dalam kejuruteraan. [5 marks] [5 markah] 10

b) A fluid (R = 0.287 kj/kgk, γ = 1.4, Cp = 1.005kJ/kg) at inlet pressure 85kPa and temperature 85 o C passing through convergent nozzle and expand isentropic to atmosphere at 24kPa of pressure. The mass flow rate of the fluid is 3.5kg/s. Assume that fluid is a perfect gas and negligible inlet velocity, determine : Bendalir (R = 0.287 kj/kgk, γ = 1.4, Cp = 1.005kJ/kg) pada tekanan 85kPa dan suhu 85 o C memasuki muncung tumpu dan mengembang secara isentropic ke atmosfera pada tekanan 24 kpa. Kadar alir jisim bendalir ialah 3.5kg/s. Anggapkan bendalir tersebut ialah gas sempurna dan halaju kemasukan diabaikan, tentukan: i. Outlet temperature Suhu keluar ii. Outlet area of the nozzle Luas keratan rentas muncung [14 marks] [14 markah] SOALAN TAMAT 11