Countries in Order of Increasing Per Capita Income, 2000

,400 45000,200 Population Per Capita Income 40000 35000,000 30000 Population, millions 800 600 25000 20000 Per Capita Income 5000 400 0000 200 5000 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 Countries in Order of Increasing Per Capita Income, 2000 0

50000 45000 Ex. Rate PPP 40000 35000 30000 Per Capita Income 25000 20000 5000 0000 5000 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 4 5 6 Countries in Order of Increasing Per Capita Income, 2000

Mobility Matrix, 980--2000 (32 countries) 0 /4 /2 2 inf /4 0.88 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.00 /2 0.48 0.43 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.56 0.4 0.03 2 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.42 0.26 inf 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.88 What the categories mean: "/4" means the situation in which a particular country has /4 or less of the world average income, "2" means between twice and (the category below), "inf" means more than twice the world average, etc.

Share of mean GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 200 0.25 0.5 2 inf 990 0.25 0.88 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.5 0.7 0.63 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.70 0.8 0.00 2 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.8 0.0 inf 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.90 Note: thanks are due to Tim Schulz who updated the transition matrix from class to years 990-200

TABLE Human Development Index and its components TABLE Human Development Index (HDI) Life expectancy at birth Expected years Mean years Gross national income (GNI) per capita Value (years) (years) (years) (20 PPP $) GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank HDI rank 204 204 204 a 204 a 204 204 VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Norway 0.944 8.6 7.5 2.6 b 64,992 5 2 Australia 0.935 82.4 20.2 c 3.0 42,26 7 3 Switzerland 0.930 83.0 5.8 2.8 56,43 6 4 Denmark 0.923 80.2 8.7 c 2.7 44,025 5 Netherlands 0.922 8.6 7.9.9 45,435 9 6 Germany 0.96 80.9 6.5 3. d 43,99 6 Ireland 0.96 80.9 8.6 c 2.2 e 39,568 6 8 United States 0.95 79. 6.5 2.9 52,947 3 9 Canada 0.93 82.0 5.9 3.0 42,55 9 New Zealand 0.93 8.8 9.2 c 2.5 b 32,689 23 Singapore 0.92 83.0 5.4 f 0.6 e 76,628 g 7 2 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.90 84.0 5.6.2 53,959 2 3 Liechtenstein 0.908 80.0 h 5.0.8 i 79,85 g,j 0 4 Sweden 0.907 82.2 5.8 2. 45,636 4 United Kingdom 0.907 80.7 6.2 3. d 39,267 9 6 Iceland 0.899 82.6 9.0 c 0.6 e 35,82 2 7 Korea (Republic of) 0.898 8.9 6.9.9 e 33,890 3 8 Israel 0.894 82.4 6.0 2.5 30,676 6 9 Luxembourg 0.892 8.7 3.9.7 58,7 20 Japan 0.89 83.5 5.3.5 e 36,927 7 2 Belgium 0.890 80.8 6.3.3 d 4,87 0 22 France 0.888 82.2 6.0. 38,056 4 23 Austria 0.885 8.4 5.7 0.8 d 43,869 5 24 Finland 0.883 80.8 7. 0.3 e 38,695 0 25 Slovenia 0.880 80.4 6.8.9 27,852 2 26 Spain 0.876 82.6 7.3 9.6 32,045 7 27 Italy 0.873 83. 6.0 0. d 33,030 4 28 Czech Republic 0.870 78.6 6.4 2.3 26,660 0 29 Greece 0.865 80.9 7.6 0.3 24,524 4 30 Estonia 0.86 76.8 6.5 2.5 e 25,24 2 3 Brunei Darussalam 0.856 78.8 4.5 8.8 e 72,570 k 26 32 Cyprus 0.850 80.2 4.0.6 28,633 3 32 Qatar 0.850 78.2 3.8 l 9. 23,24 g 3 34 Andorra 0.845 8.3 h 3.5 f 9.6 m 43,978 n 8 35 Slovakia 0.844 76.3 5. 2.2 d 25,845 5 36 Poland 0.843 77.4 5.5.8 23,77 0 37 Lithuania 0.839 73.3 6.4 2.4 24,500 7 37 Malta 0.839 80.6 4.4 0.3 27,930 39 Saudi Arabia 0.837 74.3 6.3 8.7 d 52,82 27 40 Argentina 0.836 76.3 7.9 9.8 d 22,050 k 4 United Arab Emirates 0.835 77.0 3.3 o 9.5 d 60,868 34 42 Chile 0.832 8.7 5.2 9.8 2,290 43 Portugal 0.830 80.9 6.3 8.2 25,757 2 44 Hungary 0.828 75.2 5.4.6 d 22,96 3 45 Bahrain 0.824 76.6 4.4 p 9.4 b 38,599 20 46 Latvia 0.89 74.2 5.2.5 d 22,28 4 47 Croatia 0.88 77.3 4.8.0 9,409 48 Kuwait 0.86 74.4 4.7 l 7.2 83,96 g 46 49 Montenegro 0.802 76.2 5.2.2 4,558 27 HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 50 Belarus 0.798 7.3 5.7 2.0 q 6,676 4 50 Russian Federation 0.798 70. 4.7 2.0 22,352 52 Oman 0.793 76.8 3.6 8.0 34,858 23 52 Romania 0.793 74.7 4.2 0.8 8,08 0 52 Uruguay 0.793 77.2 5.5 8.5 9,283 7 55 Bahamas 0.790 75.4 2.6 r 0.9 2,336 3 56 Kazakhstan 0.788 69.4 5.0.4 e 20,867 57 Barbados 0.785 75.6 5.4 0.5 q 2,488 27 58 Antigua and Barbuda 0.783 76. 4.0 9.2 r 20,070 59 Bulgaria 0.782 74.2 4.4 0.6 d 5,596 3 60 Palau 0.780 72.7 h 3.7 2.3 f 3,496 8 60 Panama 0.780 77.6 3.3 9.3 8,92 208 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 205

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 205 Work for Human Development Human Development Index (HDI) Life expectancy at birth Expected years Mean years Gross national income (GNI) per capita Value (years) (years) (years) (20 PPP $) GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank HDI rank 204 204 204 a 204 a 204 204 62 Malaysia 0.779 74.7 2.7 l 0.0 22,762 4 63 Mauritius 0.777 74.4 5.6 8.5 7,470 0 64 Seychelles 0.772 73. 3.4 9.4 r 23,300 9 64 Trinidad and Tobago 0.772 70.4 2.3 l 0.9 26,090 25 66 Serbia 0.77 74.9 4.4 0.5 2,90 20 67 Cuba 0.769 s 79.4 3.8.5 q 7,30 t 47 67 Lebanon 0.769 79.3 3.8 7.9 l 6,509 69 Costa Rica 0.766 79.4 3.9 8.4 3,43 0 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.766 75.4 5. 8.2 e 5,440 4 7 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.762 74.2 4.2 8.9 d 6,59 2 72 Turkey 0.76 75.3 4.5 7.6 8,677 2 73 Sri Lanka 0.757 74.9 3.7 0.8 b 9,779 29 74 Mexico 0.756 76.8 3. 8.5 6,056 4 75 Brazil 0.755 74.5 5.2 u 7.7 5,75 76 Georgia 0.754 74.9 3.8 2. q 7,64 40 77 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.752 73.8 h 2.9 8.4 r 20,805 2 78 Azerbaijan 0.75 70.8.9.2 l 6,428 79 Grenada 0.750 73.4 5.8 8.6 r 0,939 4 80 Jordan 0.748 74.0 3.5 9.9,365 8 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.747 75.4 3.4 9.3 q,780 9 8 Ukraine 0.747 7.0 5..3 e 8,78 25 83 Algeria 0.736 74.8 4.0 7.6 3,054 84 Peru 0.734 74.6 3. 9.0,05 8 85 Albania 0.733 77.8.8 l 9.3 9,943 4 85 Armenia 0.733 74.7 2.3 0.9 e 8,24 22 85 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.733 76.5 3.6 8.3 v 9,638 9 88 Ecuador 0.732 75.9 4.2 7.6 0,605 7 89 Saint Lucia 0.729 75. 2.6 9.3 q 9,765 4 90 China 0.727 75.8 3. 7.5 b 2,547 7 90 Fiji 0.727 70.0 5.7 l 9.9 7,493 2 90 Mongolia 0.727 69.4 4.6 9.3 e 0,729 4 93 Thailand 0.726 74.4 3.5 7.3 3,323 3 94 Dominica 0.724 77.8 h 2.7 w 7.9 r 9,994 4 94 Libya 0.724 7.6 4.0 l 7.3 e 4,9 k,x 9 96 Tunisia 0.72 74.8 4.6 6.8 q 0,404 97 Colombia 0.720 74.0 3.5 7.3 d 2,040 9 97 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.720 72.9 3.4 l 8.6 r 9,937 3 99 Jamaica 0.79 75.7 2.4 9.7 e 7,45 3 00 Tonga 0.77 72.8 4.7 0.7 e 5,069 32 0 Belize 0.75 70.0 3.6 0.5 7,64 9 0 Dominican Republic 0.75 73.5 3. 7.6,883 2 03 Suriname 0.74 7. 2.7 l 7.7 y 5,67 32 04 Maldives 0.706 76.8 3.0 l 5.8 z 2,328 9 05 Samoa 0.702 73.4 2.9 f 0.3 f 5,327 24 MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 06 Botswana 0.698 64.5 2.5 8.9 e 6,646 4 07 Moldova (Republic of) 0.693 7.6.9.2 5,223 23 08 Egypt 0.690 7. 3.5 6.6 e 0,52 2 09 Turkmenistan 0.688 65.6 0.8 9.9 r 3,066 28 0 Gabon 0.684 64.4 2.5 l 7.8 y 6,367 42 0 Indonesia 0.684 68.9 3.0 7.6 z 9,788 9 2 Paraguay 0.679 72.9.9 7.7 b 7,643 3 3 Palestine, State of 0.677 72.9 3.0 8.9 4,699 x 2 4 Uzbekistan 0.675 68.4.5 0.9 aa 5,567 0 5 Philippines 0.668 68.2.3 8.9 d 7,95 7 6 El Salvador 0.666 73.0 2.3 6.5 7,349 3 6 South Africa 0.666 57.4 3.6 9.9 2,22 29 6 Viet Nam 0.666 75.8.9 w 7.5 e 5,092 5 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.662 68.3 3.2 8.2 5,760 4 20 Kyrgyzstan 0.655 70.6 2.5 0.6 3,044 29 2 Iraq 0.654 69.4 0. 6.4 e 4,003 44 22 Cabo Verde 0.646 73.3 3.5 4.7 r 6,094 23 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0.640 69..7 9.7 f 3,432 2 TABLE TABLE Human Development Index and its components 209

TABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX AND ITS COMPONENTS TABLE Human Development Index (HDI) Life expectancy at birth Expected years Mean years Gross national income (GNI) per capita Value (years) (years) (years) (20 PPP $) GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank HDI rank 204 204 204 a 204 a 204 204 24 Guyana 0.636 66.4 0.3 8.5 e 6,522 4 25 Nicaragua 0.63 74.9.5 l 6.0 e 4,457 2 26 Morocco 0.628 74.0.6 4.4 b 6,850 8 26 Namibia 0.628 64.8.3 6.2 e 9,48 2 28 Guatemala 0.627 7.8 0.7 5.6 6,929 29 Tajikistan 0.624 69.4.2 0.4 y 2,57 27 30 India 0.609 68.0.7 5.4 e 5,497 4 3 Honduras 0.606 73.. 5.5 3,938 7 32 Bhutan 0.605 69.5 2.6 3.0 q 7,76 7 33 Timor-Leste 0.595 68.2.7 4.4 y 5,363 ab 6 34 Syrian Arab Republic 0.594 69.6 2.3 6.3 e 2,728 k,x 2 34 Vanuatu 0.594 7.9 0.6 l 6.8 aa 2,803 9 36 Congo 0.59 62.3. 6. b 6,02 4 37 Kiribati 0.590 66.0 2.3 7.8 r 2,434 2 38 Equatorial Guinea 0.587 57.6 9.0 l 5.5 y 2,056 84 39 Zambia 0.586 60. 3.5 6.6 e 3,734 2 40 Ghana 0.579 6.4.5 7.0 3,852 4 Lao People s Democratic Republic 0.575 66.2 0.6 5.0 q 4,680 6 42 Bangladesh 0.570 7.6 0.0 5. e 3,9 5 43 Cambodia 0.555 68.4 0.9 4.4 y 2,949 7 43 Sao Tome and Principe 0.555 66.5.3 4.7 y 2,98 8 LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 45 Kenya 0.548 6.6.0 6.3 b 2,762 9 45 Nepal 0.548 69.6 2.4 3.3 e 2,3 6 47 Pakistan 0.538 66.2 7.8 4.7 4,866 4 48 Myanmar 0.536 65.9 8.6 4. e 4,608 k 2 49 Angola 0.532 52.3.4 4.7 y 6,822 30 50 Swaziland 0.53 49.0.3 7. b 5,542 25 5 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.52 65.0 9.2 5. e 2,4 8 52 Nigeria 0.54 52.8 9.0 l 5.9 y 5,34 24 53 Cameroon 0.52 55.5 0.4 6.0 e 2,803 54 Madagascar 0.50 65. 0.3 6.0 q,328 24 55 Zimbabwe 0.509 57.5 0.9 7.3 e,65 3 56 Mauritania 0.506 63. 8.5 3.8 e 3,560 4 56 Solomon Islands 0.506 67.9 9.2 5.0 f,540 6 58 Papua New Guinea 0.505 62.6 9.9 r 4.0 e 2,463 59 Comoros 0.503 63.3.5 4.6 y,456 6 60 Yemen 0.498 63.8 9.2 2.6 e 3,59 7 6 Lesotho 0.497 49.8. 5.9 z 3,306 6 62 Togo 0.484 59.7 2.2 4.5 y,228 7 63 Haiti 0.483 62.8 8.7 r 4.9 y,669 4 63 Rwanda 0.483 64.2 0.3 3.7,458 63 Uganda 0.483 58.5 9.8 5.4 e,63 6 66 Benin 0.480 59.6. 3.3 e,767 0 67 Sudan 0.479 63.5 7.0 3. b 3,809 27 68 Djibouti 0.470 62.0 6.4 3.8 q 3,276 k 22 69 South Sudan 0.467 55.7 7.6 r 5.4 2,332 9 70 Senegal 0.466 66.5 7.9 2.5 2,88 8 7 Afghanistan 0.465 60.4 9.3 3.2 e,885 7 72 Côte d Ivoire 0.462 5.5 8.9 4.3 b 3,7 24 73 Malawi 0.445 62.8 0.8 4.3 e 747 3 74 Ethiopia 0.442 64. 8.5 2.4,428 2 75 Gambia 0.44 60.2 8.8 2.8 e,507 2 76 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.433 58.7 9.8 6.0 680 77 Liberia 0.430 60.9 9.5 l 4. e 805 7 78 Guinea-Bissau 0.420 55.2 9.0 2.8 r,362 79 Mali 0.49 58.0 8.4 2.0,583 8 80 Mozambique 0.46 55. 9.3 3.2 y,23 8 Sierra Leone 0.43 50.9 8.6 l 3. e,780 6 82 Guinea 0.4 58.8 8.7 2.4 y,096 0 83 Burkina Faso 0.402 58.7 7.8.4 y,59 3 84 Burundi 0.400 56.7 0. 2.7 e 758 85 Chad 0.392 5.6 7.4.9 2,085 22 20 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 205

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 205 Work for Human Development Human Development Index (HDI) Life expectancy at birth Expected years Mean years Gross national income (GNI) per capita Value (years) (years) (years) (20 PPP $) GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank HDI rank 204 204 204 a 204 a 204 204 86 Eritrea 0.39 63.7 4. 3.9 r,30 6 87 Central African Republic 0.350 50.7 7.2 4.2 q 58 88 Niger 0.348 6.4 5.4.5 e 908 5 OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES Korea (Democratic People s Rep. of).. 70.3........ Marshall Islands........ 4,674.. Monaco............ Nauru.... 9.3...... San Marino............ Somalia.. 55.4........ Tuvalu........ 5,278.. Human development groups Very high human development 0.896 80.5 6.4.8 4,584 High human development 0.744 75. 3.6 8.2 3,96 Medium human development 0.630 68.6.8 6.2 6,353 Low human development 0.505 60.6 9.0 4.5 3,085 Developing countries 0.660 69.8.7 6.8 9,07 Regions Arab States 0.686 70.6 2.0 6.4 5,722 East Asia and the Pacific 0.70 74.0 2.7 7.5,449 Europe and Central Asia 0.748 72.3 3.6 0.0 2,79 Latin America and the Caribbean 0.748 75.0 4.0 8.2 4,242 South Asia 0.607 68.4.2 5.5 5,605 Sub-Saharan Africa 0.58 58.5 9.6 5.2 3,363 Least developed countries 0.502 63.3 9.3 4. 2,387 Small island developing states 0.660 70..4 7.9 6,99 Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development 0.880 80.2 5.8.5 37,658 World 0.7 7.5 2.2 7.9 4,30 TABLE NOTES a Data refer to 204 or the most recent year available. b Based on Barro and Lee (203b). c For the purpose of calculating the HDI value, expected years is capped at 8 years. d Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (205) and Barro and Lee (204). e Based on Barro and Lee (204). f Based on data from the national statistical office. g For the purpose of calculating the HDI value, GNI per capita is capped at $75,000. h Value from UNDESA (20). i Calculated as the average of mean years of schooling for Austria and Switzerland. j Estimated using the purchasing power parity (PPP) rate and projected growth rate of Switzerland. k HDRO estimate based on data from World Bank (205a) and United Nations Statistics Division (205). l Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (205). m Assumes the same adult mean years as Spain. n Estimated using the PPP rate and projected growth rate of Spain. o Based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (20). p Based on data on school life expectancy from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (203). q Based on data from United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for 2005 204. r Based on cross-country regression. s The 203 HDI value published in the 204 Human Development Report was based on miscalculated GNI per capita in 20 PPP dollars, as published in the World Bank (204). A more realistic value, based on the model developed by HDRO and verified and accepted by Cuba s National Statistics Office, is $7,222. The corresponding 203 HDI value is 0.759 and the rank is 69th. t Based on a cross-country regression model and projected growth rates from ECLAC (204). u HDRO calculations based on data from National Institute for Educational Studies of Brazil (203). v Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (205) and a UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. w Based on data on school life expectancy from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (202). x Based on projected growth rates from UNESCWA (204). y Based on data from ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for 2005 204. z Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (205), an ICF Macro Demographic and Health Survey and Barro and Lee (204). aa Updated by HDRO based on data from a UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. ab Based on data from Timor-Leste Ministry of Finance (205). DEFINITIONS Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note at http://hdr.undp.org/en for details on how the HDI is calculated. Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant s life. Expected years : Number of years that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child s life. Mean years : Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older, converted from education attainment levels using official durations of each level. Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using PPP rates, divided by midyear population. MAIN DATA SOURCES Column : HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (205), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (205), United Nations Statistics Division (205), World Bank (205a), Barro and Lee (204) and IMF (205). Column 2: UNDESA (205). Column 3: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (205). Column 4: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (205), Barro and Lee (204), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys. Column 5: World Bank (205a), IMF (205) and United Nations Statistics Division (205). Column 6: Calculated based on data in columns and 5. TABLE Human Development Index and its components 2