CHLORIDE PENETRATION PROFILES IN EXISTING HARBOR STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED WITH BLAST FURNACE CEMENT CONCRETE M. Kubta*, Tky Istitut f Thlgy, Japa T. Sait, Tky Istitut f Thlgy, Japa N. Otsuki, Tky Istitut f Thlgy, Japa M. Miura, Tky Istitut f Thlgy, Japa 36th Cfr OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 14-16 August 2011, Sigapr Artil Oli Id: 100036038 Th li vrsi f this artil a b fud at: http://iprmir.m/100036038 This artil is brught t yu with th supprt f Sigapr Crt Istitut www.sist.rg.sg All Rights rsrvd fr CI Prmir PTE LTD Yu ar t Allwd t r distribut r r sal th artil i ay frmat withut writt apprval f CI Prmir PTE LTD Visit Our Wbsit fr mr ifrmati www.iprmir.m
36 th Cfr Our Wrld i Crt & Struturs Sigapr, August 14-16, 2011 CHLORIDE PENETRATION PROFILES IN EXISTING HARBOR STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED WITH BLAST FURNACE CEMENT CONCRETE M. Kubta *, T. Sait, N. Otsuki ad M. Miura * Dpartmt f Itratial Dvlpmt Egirig Tky Istitut f Thlgy S6-11 2-12-1, Okayama, Mgur-ku, Tky 117576 -mail: <kubta.m.aa@m.tith.a.jp> wbpag: http://www.id.tith.a.jp/~tsukilab/-j-lab.html Kywrds: Existig harbr rt struturs, Chlrid attak, rt Abstrat. Th aspt f hlrid ptrati i xistig harbr struturs strutd with Blast Fura Slag Cmt () had b ivstigatd. Th itsitis f hlrid ptrati diffr frm lati t athr du t th diffr i th lvatis f th r samplig latis frm th sa watr lvl. Grally, Fik s Sd Law was usd t prdit hlrid ptrati fr th ivstigati f hlrid attak. I this rsarh, th hlrid i tt th surfa C 0 ad ffiit f diffusi D ap wr atgrizd by sidrig th lvati f th samplig latis usig Fik s Sd Law. Additially, xprimtal rsults had b mpard t th prvius rsults usig Ordiary Prtlad Cmt (). As a rsult, valus f C 0 bam smallr with th highr lvati frm th surfa f sa watr. Th valus f C 0 f rt wr biggr tha ths f rt arud sa watr lvl ad ths f rt wr smallr tha rt at th high lvati durig tid. Th valu f D ap did t dpd th lvati ad th avrag valu f D ap f rt was apprximatly lss tha third f that f rt. Usig th data frm ral struturs, prditi f dtrirati had b aalyzd i th diti f 7m vr thikss. As a rsult, i as f th struturs with rt, it was xptd t tak abut 20 yars fr th raks whih aus fr th rrsi t iitiat. I th as f rt, it was xptd t tak mr tha 40 yars. Tky Istitut f Thlgy Tky Istitut f Thlgy Tky Istitut f Thlgy
M. Kubta, T. Sait, N. Otsuki ad M. Miura 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bakgrud Harbr rt struturs play imprtat rls i Japas my. Thus it is ssary t maitai thm prprly. Chlrid attak is f th mst ritial dtrirati auss fr rt struturs. Th it is rquird t prpr prditi f hlrid ptrati fr rduig lif yl st f ths struturs. Th prditi a b ft dutd with Fik s Sd Law fllwd i Equati 1-1. Rtly, Blast Fura Cmt () is widly usd fr big virmtal fridly baus is fabriatd frm idustrial wast. It was rprtd that rt has bttr durability fr hlrid attak tha Ordiary Prtlad Cmt (). Rgardig ths situatis, it is ssary t maitai prt ad harbr struturs strutd with prprly. x C( x, t) = C (1 rf ( )) 0 2 Dapt C(x,t) : Chlrid tt i th rt at th x m dista frm th surfa aftr t yars f xpsur (kg/m 3 ) C 0 : Chlrid tt th surfa (kg/m 3 ) D ap : Diffusi ffiit (m 2 /yar) Erf(y) : Errr futi (1-1) 1.2 Objtivs Frm th bakgrud, prpr prditi f hlrid ptrati isid rt is rquird. I th prvius rsarh, thr ar a fw rsults t valuat durability f rt fr hlrid attak. S, ths rsarhs hav fllwig bjtivs; 1 2 T llt valu f C 0 ad D ap frm xistig harbr rt struturs strutd with i Kimitsu. T mpar th rsult frm rt with th ral harbr struturs strutd with t sidr hlrid i ptrati f rt. 2 EXPERIMENT 2.1 Sampl Cr sampls wr tak frm tw typs f xistig harbr striturs strutd with i Kimitsu. O is a brakwatr has b usd fr 20 yars as shw i Figur 2-1. This strutur rdus th rgy f th wavs ad was strutd with typ B (rplamt rati is abut 40%). Cr sampls wr tak frm thr lvati f this strutur; High Watr Lvl (H.W.L) -0.24m, -1.72m, ad -3.14m. I this sit, th tidal diffr is 2m. Thus, th samplig latis f H.W.L -0.24m ad -1.72m ar i th tidal z, ad ths f H.W.L -3.14m ar i th submrgd z. Athr is a dk that has b usd fr 15 yars as shw Figur 2-2. This strutur was strutd with ad Early-strgth Prtlad Cmt (ESPC). Cr sampls wr tak frm fur lvatis f this strutur th sa sid; H.W.L+0.9m, +1.5m, +2.2m ( rt), ad tw lvati f this strutur isid; H.W.L +0m (ESPC rt) ad H.W.L +1m ( rt).
M. Kubta, T. Sait, N. Otsuki ad M. Miura Figur 2-1. Brakwatr Figur 2-2. Dk 2.2 EXPERIMENT METHOD T ivstigat hlrid i ptrati f ths struturs, hlrid tt f ah r sampls wr tak by xprimt valuati. Firstly, r sampls wr slid at vry 10 mm frm th xpsur surfa. Th, ttal hlrid tt f slid sampl was masurd ardig t Japas Idustrial Stadard (JIS) A 1154. 3 CHLORIDE PNETRATION PROFILES IN STRUCTURES Figur 3-1 shws hlrid ptrati prfils f ah sampl. Slid lis rprst th data fr th brakwatr, ad dttd lis ar fr th dk. Frm this figur, hlrid tt is smallr with highr lvati f th samplig lati. This tdy a b fud btw 0m ad 3m frm th surfa. As shw i slid lis, hlrid tt fr th brakwatr rdud rapidly btw 2.5m ad 5m frm th xpsd surfa. O th thr had, as shw i dttd lis, th hlrid tt fr th dk drasd gtly btw 2.5m ad 6.5m frm th surfa. Thr wr disruptd aras f hlrid ptrati prfils th surfa ara. Thy a b ausd by th ffts f arbati ad sulfat i 1. Disruptd ara i th prfils a b rmvd fr th alulati f th hlrid i tt th surfa C 0 ad th ffiit f diffusi D ap. Th mthd a b als usd fr mparig rt data. 10 ) 3 /m g t (k t rid l h C 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 H.W.L-3.14m H.W.L-1.72m H.W.L-0.24m H.W.L+0.9m H.W.L+1.5m H.W.L+2.2m 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dpth frm th xpsd surfa (m) Figur 3-1: Chlrid ptrati prfils
M. Kubta, T. Sait, N. Otsuki ad M. Miura 4 COMPARISON OF THE PENETRATION PROFILES FOR BFS AND FOR 4.1 Typ f spims 1 Pirs strutd with Dr. Ami rsarhd hlrid ptrati prfils i pirs strutd with. Ths pirs had b i srvi fr abut 30 yars. Th valus f W/C wr xptd arud 0.5, sidrig th aptd prati i buildig 2. 2 Submrgd rt lump strutd with Chlrid ptrati prfils wr valuatd by a artil; Th Rsult f Chmial Aalysis A Crt Lump Submrgd i Kashima Harbr 3. Th limp was a ub, s th hlrid ptrati prfils wr masurd fr ah axis frm th surfa twards th tr. Ths data wr usd ly fr th dtrirati prditis f dtrirati. 3 Crt spim strutd with Crt spims strutd with wr xpsd i mari virmt by Mr. Kzaki. typ B had b usd ad th valu f W/C was 0.56. 4.2 Crrlati btw valus f C 0 ad th lvati Figur 4-1 shws th rrlati btw th valu f C 0 fr ah sampl ad th lvati. Th valu f C 0 uld b atgrizd with th lvati f th samplig latis. Th rrlati fr rt ad rt wr apprximatd by a slid li ad a dttd li this figur. Ths quatis ar fllwd Equati 4-1 fr rt ad Equati 4-2 fr rt. ; C 0 = 21.76-8.15H (4-1) ; C 0 = 18.34-3.91H (4-2) Frm Figur 4-1, valus f C 0 wr i ivrsly prprtial t th lvati frm th surfa f sa watr. Th valus f C 0 f rt wr biggr tha that f rt arud sa watr lvl ad that f rt wr smallr tha rt at th high lvati durig tid. ) 3 /m g (k rfa u s t t rid l h C 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-4 -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Hight frm H.W.L (m) Figur 4-1: Crrlati btw valus f C 0 ad th lvati Struturs Pirs Spim Apprximati Apprximati 4.3 Crrlati btw vals f D ap ad th lvati Valus f D ap uld b atgrizd with th lvatis f th samplig latis as shw i Figur 4-2. Frm this figur, th valu f D ap was t dpdt th lvati ad th avrag valu f D ap f rt was apprximatly lss tha third f that f rt.
M. Kubta, T. Sait, N. Otsuki ad M. Miura r) / y a 2 m ( t i fi i s ifu D 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Struturs Pirs Spim av av 0-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Hight frm H.W.L (m) Figur 4-2: Crrlati btw valus f D ap ad th lvati 4.4 Dtrirati prditi by LEECA2 Frm th abv rsults, th dtrirati prditi was dutd usig aalyzig sftwar Lif tim Evaluati prgram fr Crt struturs by Cmputatial Aalysis 2 (LECCA2) dvlpd by Japa Crt Istitut (JCI). Th sftwar a simulat rak iitiati du t svral dtrirati auss suh as arbati, frstig ad hlrid attak. By usig this sftwar, hlrid ptrati ad rbar rrsi fr 20 yars hav b valuatd. Th iitial aalysis ditis ar as fllw; Cvr thikss : 70mm Rbar diamtr : 20mm Itral hlrid tt : 0kg/m 3 Chlrid thrshld tt : 1.2kg/m 3 I this aalysis, valus f C 0 ad D ap frm th rsults f xprimt hav b stabilizd i Tabl 4-1. Crrsi rat f ah strutur hav b valuatd by alulati f rrsi urrt btw plarizd rbar 4. Crrsi mass t iitiat raks was dfid as 10mg/m 2. Th th yar f rrsi iitiati as wll as rak iitiati wr alulatd as shw i Tabl 4-2. It uld b xptd t tak lss tha 5 yars fr th harbr struturs with t iitiat rrsi. O th thr had, fr th harbr struturs with, it uld b xptd t tak mr tha 25 yars. Furthr, i as f th struturs with, it was xptd t tak abut 20 yars t iitiat raks. I th as f rt, it was xptd t tak mr tha 40 yars. Figur 4-3 shws th dtrirati with th ag f hlrid tt at 70mm dpth frm th surfa. As a rsult, hlrid ptrati fr rt was muh slwr tha that fr rt. Tabl 4-1: Valus f C 0 ad D ap usd i alulati by LECCA2 Strutur Chlrid tt th surfa C 0 (kg/m 3 ) Pirs Lump Struturs Spim 20.42 14.42 11.95 18.859 Cffiit diffusi D ap (m 2 /yar) 1.61 2.84 0.19 0.282
M. Kubta, T. Sait, N. Otsuki ad M. Miura Tabl 4-2: Crrsi iitiati yar ad rak iitiati yar by rrsi Strutur Pirs Lump Struturs Spim Crrsi iitiati (yar) Crak iitiati by rrsi (yar) 4.5 3 48.5 25.5 19.1 17.7 62.8 40.2 Figur 4-3: Dtrirati with ag f hlrid tt at 70mm dpth frm surfa 5 CONCLUSION Th lusis f th rsarh ar fllwd; 1. Valus f C 0 bam smallr with th highr lvati frm th surfa f sa watr. Th valus f C 0 f rt wr gratr tha ths f rt arud sa watr lvl ad that f rt wr smallr tha rt at th high lvati durig tid. 2. Th valu f D ap was t dpdt th lvati ad th avrag valu f D ap f rt was apprximatly lss tha third f that f rt. 3. It a b xptd t tak lss tha 5 yars fr th harbr struturs with t iitiat rrsi. O th thr had, fr th harbr struturs with, it a b xptd t tak mr tha 25 yars. Mrvr, i as f th struturs with, it was xptd t tak abut 20 yars fr th raks t iitiat. I th as f rt, it was xptd t tak mr tha 40 yars. REFERENCES [1] Rprt f 333 mmitt, Crt Thlgy Sris 74. [2] T. Ami, Rsarh th Dtrirati Prditi ad Evaluati Fatrs f Chlrid Attak Csidrig th Lati [3] A. Kamiya, Z. Kuita ad S. Skiguhi, Physial Chmial Aalysis A Crt Expsd i Mari Evirmt fr 30 yars [4] Y. Hasgawa, S. Miyazat ad T. Oyamt, Prpsiti f Crrsi Rat Aalysis Mdl fr Crakd RC strutur, JCI Papr Vl.17 N.1 109-118 2006.1