Paper 1 Global Issues Paper 2 UK Issues Paper 3 - Making Geographical Decisions Have you ever wondered 1. How does the world s climate system work and why is climate change becoming such a hazard? 2. What causes extreme weather events and tectonic hazards? 3. Why is the world unequal, how can inequality be reduced, and how are some countries managing to develop rapidly? 4. Where the world s fastest growing cities are and how can they be made better places to live? Have you ever wondered 1. Why landscapes in some parts of the UK are different from others? 2. What causes coasts and river landscapes to change, and how people can manage them to reduce conflicts? 3. How and why cities in the UK are changing, and how they are linked with the countryside? Have you ever wondered 1. Why natural resources like food, energy and water are under pressure, and how we can manage this demand without damaging the environment? 2. Why rainforests and coniferous forests are so different, and how we can manage the world s forests sustainably? Climate Global circulation (ocean currents / high and low pressure systems) Climate graphs E.g. Tindouf Natural climate change Milankovitch cycles / solar radiation / volcanic eruptions etc.) Human climate change industry / transport / energy production / farming Tropical cyclones distribution, formation & intensity Tropical cyclones hazards and impacts storm surges, landslides and coastal flooding Dealing with tropical cyclones and vulnerability Developed: Case study Hurricane Katrina (USA) (page 34) Developing: Case Study Typhoon Haiyan (Philippines) (Page 50) UK s Evolving Physical Landscape Geology and past processes (glaciation and tectonics) Rock types - Igneous/sedimentary/metamorphic Upland (Lake District) and lowland (Hereforshire) landscapes - OS Map skills Human activity: Agriculture/forestry/settlements People and the Biosphere Distribution of major biomes (taiga/tundra/tropical/desert/temperate) Local factors (Altitude/Rock type/drainage) Biosphere Resources (FRM) Biosphere Services (CAWS) Pressure on resources - Malthus and Boserup
Tectonics Structure of the Earth crust/asthenosphere/mantle/outer core/inner core Convection currents Types of crust Oceanic and continental Plate boundaries and hotspots (convergent, divergent & conservative) Shield vs composite volcanoes PRACTICE DRAWING LABELLED & ANNOTATED DIAGRAMS Impacts of Earthquakes (primary vs secondary) Impacts of volcanoes (primary vs secondary) Managing earthquake hazards building design, prediction etc. Managing volcanic hazards tiltmeters, warning and evacuation etc. Earthquakes: Developed: Case study Tohoku Earthquake (Japan) (page 50) Developing: Case study Haiti (Caribbean) (page 52) Volcanoes: Developed: Case study - Mount Kilauea (Hawaii) (Page 44) Developing: Case study - Mount Pinatubo (Philippines) (page 46) Coastal Change and Conflict Geology of coasts Landscapes of erosion (Headlands and bays) Waves and climate Sub-aerial processes Weathering (MBC) Mass movement Transportation and deposition Landscapes of deposition (beaches/spits/bars) Human impact (DAIT CM) Case study: South Devon and Dorset (UK) (Page 145) Case study: Holderness coast Coastal Flooding Coastal Management hard and soft engineering Fieldwork: Investigating Coastal Landscapes Hunstanton Techniques and Methods of data collection and presentation Forests Under Threat Tropical rainforest biome / Taiga biome - Flora and fauna/adaptations Productivity and biodiversity TRF Deforestation (CLUMPH) Threats to the Taiga (direct and indirect) Protecting the rainforest (CITES / REDD) Sustainable TRF management (+SEE) Protecting the taiga - Russia (National Parks & reserves SEC)
Development Dynamics What is development? Development indicators Development differences Population pyramids / HDI / GDP Theories of development Rostow and Frank Types of development Top-down vs Bottom-up Approaches to development NGO (Action Aid)/ IGO s (United Nations) - costs and benefits Location and context Globalisation and change TNCs / FDI Economic Development International Relationships/ organisations (UN/G20/WTO/IMF/WB) Case study - India (Page 74) Costs and benefits of changing international relations and TNCs) Challenges of an Urbanising World Urbanisation trends Developed vs Developing Urbanisation processes (types of migration) Differing Urban economies (formal vs informal employment) Changing cities (factors affecting land use and structure) Location and structure Megacity growth (push and pull factors) Mega city challenges (housing / slums / resources / employment) Mega city living regional disparity (rich areas and poor areas) Megacity management Bottom-up vs top-down & sustainability Megacities Case study: Mumbai Case study - Mumbai, (India) (Page 105) River Processes and Pressures River systems (drainage basin / long profile / processes) Transportation, erosion and deposition (TED) Upper course features (waterfalls & interlocking spurs) Lower course features (meanders/ox-bow lakes/levees & deltas) PRACTICE DRAWING LABELLED & ANNOTATED DIAGRAMS Processes shaping rivers Slope processes (soil creep & slumping) Storm hydrographs Physical factors affecting lag-time River flooding Human and physical processes Managing flood risk (Hard vs soft engineering) Case study: River Severn Valley (UK) (page 162) UK s Evolving Human Landscape UK migration / Population pyramids / Economic changes Case study London Docklands Industrial Decline Globalisation and Investment Case Study Birmingham (Site/Situation/Connectivity/Land use) Improving city life Regeneration The city and rural areas Commuter villages Fieldwork: Investigating Dynamic Urban Areas Case study - Birmingham (Page 196) Techniques and Methods of data collection and presentation Consuming Energy Resources Energy Impacts (renewable vs non-renewable) Access to Energy Variations in energy production and consumption. Global demand for oil New Developments Mining in challenging areas (costs and benefits) Case study: Canadian Tar sands Environmental costs Energy efficiency and conservation (sustainable living and transport) Alternative energy sources e.g. Hydrogen power Attitudes to energy Carbon footprint
Instructions: 1 hour 30 minutes Calculator Each section is worth 30 marks 4 marks in each section for SPaG Variety of question types Open questions require you to write a longer answer worth up to 8 marks including +4 SPaG. Answer ALL questions in each section Section A: Hazardous Earth Section B: Development Dynamics Section C: Challenges of an Urbanising World 1 hour 30 minutes Calculator Each section is worth 30 marks 4 marks in each section for SPaG Variety of question types Open questions require you to write a longer answer worth up to 8 marks including +4 SPaG. In section C1 only answer question on coasts (Hunstanton fieldwork) In section C2 only answer the question on dynamic urban areas (Birmingham fieldwork) Section A: UK s Evolving Physical Landscape Section B: UK s Evolving Human Landscape Section C1: Physical Fieldwork Focus ONLY answer the Coastal Change and Conflict question Section C2: Human Fieldwork Focus ONLY answer the Dynamic Urban Areas question 1 hour 30 minutes Calculator The paper is worth 64 marks Questions are based on a RESOURCE BOOKLET Show your understanding of topics 7, 8 and 9, as well as using your knowledge of human and physical geography from components 1 and 2. Variety of question types Extended writing questions in sections C and D. There are 4 sections You MUST answer ALL questions in each section. Section A: People and the Biosphere Section B: Forests Under Threat Section C: Consuming Energy Resources Including extended writing worth 8 marks. Section D: Making a Geographical Decision is the FINAL question. You will choose one of three decisions using your knowledge and understanding of geography and EVIDENCE from the resource booklet. Then you will JUSTIFY your decision in extended writing worth 12 marks; there are 4 EXTRA MARKS available for SPaG.
Skills: Atlas and map skills: Climate zones, precipitation, height and shape of the land (GC/SE/A*) Types of maps and scale: Satellite images, political maps, physical maps, climate zones, relief maps, population maps, 1:25000 = 1cm =25,000cm in real life (250m) Using and interpreting images: Ground level photographs, Satellite images, Oblique aerial photographs (shows more of an area and features can be identified), Vertical aerial photographs (details hard to identify) Sketch maps and annotations: Features, characteristics, labels (knowledge) and annotation (explanation), causes, processes, impacts Physical and human patterns: distribution, patterns, human (towns and cities), physical features (coastlines, rivers and mountains) Land use and settlement shapes: Land use (settlement, farmland), vegetation (woods, parklands, biome), communications (roads and railways), site, situation, shape, SAGA (Slope, Aspect, Ground, Altitude), settlement shapes (dispersed, nucleated, linear) Human activity and OS maps: Industrial (factories and industrial states), residential (houses and flats), rural (forestry and agriculture) Map symbols and direction: features of places, compass direction, scale e.g. 1:50,000 = 1cm =50,000com (500m) in real life Grid references and distance: 4 figure and 6 figure grid references, eastings and northings Cross sections and relief: Drawing a cross section of a landscape, contour lines, slopes (concave vs convex) Graphical skills 1: line chart, bar chart, pie chart, scatter graph, pictogram, histogram Numbers and statistics 1: proportion and ratio, equivalent ratios, percentage of an amount, one quantity as a percentage of another e.g. 8 million as a percentage of 32 million = 8 divided by 32 = 0.25, 0.25 x 100 = 25% Paper 3 extended writing questions: AO 3 & AO4: Section A&B = Short-answer questions which refers to: - People and the biosphere - Forests under threat Use information from the resource booklet (GC/SE/A*) Graphical Skills 2: population pyramids, choropleth maps, flow-line maps Numbers and statistics 2: Mode (most), mean (add together and divide), median, range, modal class, quartiles and interquartile range. Section C = (12 Marks) +4 SPaG Consuming energy resources Top answers will include: - Unpick the question (BUG) - Clear and logical argument - Use evidence - Use geographical skills (graphs, maps etc) - Use accurate information - Think about sustainability
AO1 (15%) AO2 (25%) AO3 (35%) AO4 (25%) Demonstrate knowledge of locations, places, processes and environments at different scales Use of knowledge of geographical concepts and places, environments and processes Applying geographical understanding to geographical issues, using evidence to make a judgement. Selecting the right skill or technique to investigate a question and to9 communicate your answer