Applications of Borehole Imaging to Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production Instructor: Philippe MONTAGGION / NExT, Schlumberger Title: Petroleum Geology Consultant Specialty: Borehole Imaging, Petroleum Geology Objectives: This course covers the basics of dip and image measurement techniques in the borehole environment with an introduction to structural and stratigraphic dip analysis. Tool theory of electrical dipmeter tools and inclinometry systems are explained along with concepts in dip correlation algorithms. Comparisons of electrical, acoustic and LWD image data are presented along with applications and limitations of each technique. In addition to tool and processing theory, an overview of applications is presented so that the participant has a general understanding of interpretation techniques for simple structural and stratigraphic problems. The objective of the course is to provide the student with a complete overview of acquisition and processing systems along with an understanding of interpretation problems and techniques as a basis for the more advanced courses in structural and stratigraphic problem solving. Who should attend: Geologists, Geophysicists, Petrophysicists, Engineers and technicians interested with using borehole image and dipmeter data more effectively for integrated studies with basic understanding of subsurface geology. Prerequisites: The participants should know the basic structural and sedimentary geology concepts. Knowledge of dipmeter interpretation and more advanced structural concepts (e.g. stereonet analysis) will be a plus but is not mandatory. Course outline & contents: 1. Borehole imaging technology Introduction to borehole imaging Resistivity & Acoustic Wireline and LWD imaging tools (with exercises) Data QC & well site image interpretation (with exercises) pg. 1
2. Structural Geology Structural dip interpretation (with exercises) Schmidt stereonet techniques (with exercises) Fracture analysis (with exercises) Fault analysis (with exercises) Stress analysis (with exercises) Integration of fracture data with Sonic and Dynamic data Case study on fractured tight sandstone reservoir (Algeria) Case study on fractured basement reservoir (Vietnam) Case study on stress analysis (France) 3. Sedimentary analysis Paleo-current interpretation (with exercises) Facies interpretation in clastics (continental fluvial, deltaic, shallow marine, deep marine, eolian) (with exercises) Case study on thin beds sandstone reservoir (Malaysia) Sequence stratigraphy in clastics Case study on glacial deposit reservoir (Algeria) Sequence stratigraphy in Carbonate Case study on thin beds carbonate reservoir (Indonesia) Round table pg. 2
Daily course schedule: Day Day1 Day2 Morning session 10:00-12:45 (2h45min) Lecture 1- Introduction to borehole imaging Lecture 2 - Borehole Imaging technology Overview WL resistivity & acoustic tools LWD resistivity & density tools Technology vs applications Imaging tool planner Exercise: Tool selection in different field environments and for specific objectives Lecture 3 - Borehole Image Processing and Interpretation chain Image processing Dip Processing Image and Dip interactive interpretation Lecture 6 - Structural interpretation of borehole images: Definition of structural dip evaluation Unconformities Structural interpretation methods and tools (image examination, statistical plots, Schmidt stereonet techniques, etc.) Exercise : Structural interpretation of borehole images based on Schmidt stereonets, dip vector plots. Afternoon Session 1:45-6:00 (4h15min) Lecture 4 - Well-site Inclinometry & image QC General Purpose Inclinometry Tool principle & LQC Borehole environments and formation controls Tool failures (partial or complete) Exercise: Well-site Inclinometry QC QC of well-site resistivity & acoustic images Exercise: QC of well-site resistivity & acoustic images Software demo - Techlog borehole image & dip processing and interpretation modules Lecture 5 - Well-site image interpretation Well-site image orientation Limitations Geological applications for quick decision making Exercise - Well-site image interpretation of resistivity and acoustic image logs Single and multi-well structural reconstruction from image derived dips Exercise: Structural reconstruction based on image derived dips Software demo: Structural dip computation in Techlog pg. 3
Day Day3 Day4 Day5 Morning session 10:00-12:45 (2h45min) Lecture 7 - Fracture & Fault Characterization: fracture & fault types, fractures & faults on image logs calibrated with cores & outcrops in tight Ordovician sandstones of Algeria Exercise: Fracture & fault characterization from image logs Software demo: Fracture, fault & stress analysis in Techlog Case study: Fracture modelling based on electrical imaged logged in a horizontal well logged in a tight Ordovician sandstone reservoir of Algeria Lecture 8 Sedimentary analysis from image logs General workflow Identification of sedimentary structures on image logs Deformation processes of sedimentary structures Paleo-current analysis Exercise: Identification of sedimentary structures on image logs and paleo current directions from image derived dips Image interpretation in various clastics depositional environments: continental fluvial, fluvio-deltaic, shallow marine, turbidites and eolian. Afternoon Session 1:45-6:00 (4h15min) Integration of image logs with sonic and dynamic data Forward stress & fracture modeling in Petrel The impact of stress Exercise: stress direction identification and risks prediction from borehole damages Case study: Fracture modelling based on electrical imaged logged in a fractured basement reservoir of Vietnam Case study: Application of borehole images for stress analysis in the Paris Basin (France) Exercise: Identification of sedimentary facies on image logs and paleo current directions from image derived dips in clastics Facies analysis in clastics (sand count and SandTex textural analysis modules). Sofware demo: Image facies analysis with Sand count techniques in Techlog Case study: Thin beds sandstone turbidites reservoir of Malaysia Sequence Stratigraphy in clastics Case study: Sequence stratigraphy model of Ordovician glacial deposits based on FMI electrical images (Algeria) Sequence Stratigraphy in Carbonate Case study: Sequence stratigraphy model of a Middle Miocene Carbonate Build-up based on FMI electrical images (offshore North West Sumatra, Indonesia) Round table with review of image log examples brought by participants pg. 4
Course method: Lectures (theoretical knowledge): about 45 % of allocated time Details: Lectures on technology (tool physics, tool limitations, theory and concepts of borehole image processing and interpretation, calibration of image logs with core data, etc.) will be presented in PowerPoint presentations. Exercises: about 22 % of total time Details: Exercises (on paper sheets) illustrating the concepts presented in the lectures will be distributed to the participants. The solutions will be presented on screen and distributed on paper so that the participants keep a track of both their answers and the solutions. Case study: about 24 % of allocated time Details: Case studies of particular interest to this course such as fracture analysis in tight sandstone reservoir will be presented in PowerPoint presentations Demonstration (software): about 6 % of allocated time Details: The most relevant software modules related to borehole geology analysis will be projected on the course presentation screen. Workshop: Round table 3% of allocated time Details: During the round table/workshop of the last day the participants will be invited to share data of their own based on plots and to interact with the presenter and the assistance about any topic related to image logs. pg. 5
Few Key Highlights of the Course Interactive Dip and Structural Analysis Advance Fracture and Fault Analysis Fractured Basement Analysis Advance Sedimentary Facies, Paleocurrent and Turbidites Advance Facies Analysis and Data Integration pg. 6