German Contributions to Earth Observation from Space Update @ WMO ET-SAT #11 Albrecht von Bargen DLR Space Administration Earth Observation Geneve (CH), April 4-6, 2017
DLR the German Aerospace Center The German Aerospace Center is a research institution a space agency a project management agency The main tasks as National Space Agency are -Stade Hamburg -Bremen Trauen -Berlin -Braunschweig Neustrelitz Preparation of German space progr. planning on behalf of the Federal Government Representation of German space interests on an international arena, especially with regard to ESA, but also EUMETSAT and International programmes as WMO, GEO, CEOS, etc. Contracts and grants for research and development tasks in the National Programme for Space and Innovation -Juelich Cologne Bonn -Lampoldshausen Goettingen -Stuttgart -Augsburg Oberpfaffenhofen -Weilheim
National Earth Observation Missions SAR TerraSAR-X June 15, 2007 TanDEM-X June 21, 2010 Optical RapidEye August 29, 2008 Firebird TET-1: July 22, 2012 & BIROS: June 22, 2016 EnMAP Phase D, 2019 METimage Phase C/D, 2021 MERLIN Phase C/D, 2021 GRACE March 17, 2002 GRACE-FO To be launched in 2018 Gravity
TerraSAR-X X-Band SAR Mission Scientific and commercial utilization High-resolution X-Band SAR data of land surface Launched on June 15 th, 2007 10 years in operation, 3+ possible TanDEM-X... a second TerraSAR-X SAR Interferometry Mission Scientific and commercial utilization Global high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Launched on June 21 st, 2010 Global DEM completed in 9/2016 Add. Mission Objectives Land & Forestry Risk management & Security Cartography & Mapping Mining & Exploration Environment Geology Add. Mission Objectives Ocean currents Traffic-Monitoring Glacier (flow) Polarimetric InSAR Super Resolution Digital Beamforming
TanDEM-X DEM Status 100% of expected Geo-cells available 100% of Earth s land mass available Absolute Height Accuracy exceeds specification (~1m accuracy) Voids Performance: 0.1% (specification: 3%) Mission Status TerraSAR-X /TanDEM-X Continuation (possible until 2020) Stable operation in close formation since October 2010 Precise calibration of the interferometric system Ongoing: Bistatic acquisitions in order to fill gaps in the Global DEM and to acquire updates in dedicated areas (detection of height changes, Antarctica, Greenland, areas of permafrost, forest areas, etc.)
TerraSAR-X Measurement Modes -Wide ScanSAR: 35m resolution -Orbit: 514km -StripMap: 3m resolution -35m resolution -Velocity: 7km/s, 15 Orbits/Day, Revisit 11 Days -Sensor: X-band SAR, Wavelength 31mm -2010-16m resolution -3m resolution -2007-25cm resolution -1m resolution -10km -St.SpotLight -SpotLight 10km -Stripmap -ScanSAR 100km -Wide ScanSAR 250km 30km
TanDEM-X DEM (Kamtschatka)
Next generation SAR High Resolution Wide Swath with Digital Beamforming Potential next X-band mission Phase 0 study 2016
Conventional SAR-System High Resolution Wide Swath Stripmap ScanSAR Moderate resolution and swath width HRWS Spotlight Low resolution Small, discontinuous scenes Continuous coverage High resolution High mapping performance
Evolving New Class of Capabilities TerraSAR-X1 + New New Image Image Image Quality Quality Quality High High Geometric Resolution Resoluion High High Radiometric Sensitivity + Polarimetry
RapidEye Objective - support market-driven EO initiatives - support German camera technology Implementation scheme - commercial, technology - development supported by public contribution Status - Launch date: August 29th, 2008 - RapidEye mission operational
RapidEye e.g. Forest inventory Pilot project Satellite based Forest inventory for the Federal State of Rhineland-Palatinate 2010 2013 Johannes Stoffels, Universität Trier, stoffels@uni-trier.de
EnMAP Hyperspectral Imager Objective Hyperspectral instrument with over 200 channels in VNIR & SWIR Mission objective: Investigate wide range of ecosystem parameters Present Status: in Phase D Launch date: end 2019 Outline Spectral range from 420 nm to 1000 nm (VNIR) and 900 nm to 2450 nm (SWIR) High spectral resolution of 6.5 nm (VNIR) and 10 nm (SWIR); ~ 240 channels Swath width 30 km GSD 30 m nadir
EnMAP application development http://www.enmap.org/ Map of Phytobenthos Distribution
METimage on MetOp-SG-A The Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometric (VII) Mission of the European Polar System 2 nd Generation German contribution to the EPS-SG Programme METimage is a customer furnished item (CFI) Accomodation on the MetOp-SG-A Satellites Cooperation framework Cooperation Agreement between DLR and EUMETSAT Development of the METimage system Delivery of three flight models Funded by German Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) and EUMETSAT METimage prime contractor for Phase C/D Airbus DS GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany
METimage - Vision and Obejctives High quality imagery data Record a gapless image from sun-synchronous polar orbit with a large swath and daily global coverage Main products for numerical weather prediction, now-casting, and climate monitoring High resolution cloud products including microphysical analysis Sea, land, and ice surface temperature Vegetation, snow coverage, and fire monitoring products Aerosol products Polar atmospheric motion vectors Support to the EPS-SG sounders, particularly: Geolocation, cloud characterisation, and scene inhomogeneity Mission life time METimage instruments design life time is 7.5 years Routine operations planned from 2021 to at least 2043
METimage - Instrument Configuration Observational parameters Orbit Orbit height Scan range GSD Swath sun-synchronous 830 km average ± 53 deg 500 m at 830 km nadir 12 km ALT x 2670 km ACT Budgets Mass Power Data rate Data Volume 296 kg 465 W 18 Mbps @ day 9 Mbps @ eclipse 82 Gbit over 1 Orbit
METimage - Optical Architecture Key Characteristics In-beam scanner with static telescope and synchronous field de-rotation Spectral band separation by dichroics Channel separation by spectral bandpass filters Spectral Bands 7 Visible 443 914 nm CWL 7 SMWIR 1240 4050 nm CWL 6 LVWIR 6725 13345 nm CWL Telescope Input aperture Focal length Field of View 170 mm 1660 mm 1.6 deg
METimage and AVHRR & VIIRS METimage is comparable to VIIRS and a significant improvement w.r.t AVHRR Spectral bands: METimage 20 VIIRS 16M+5I+DNB AVHRR 6 GSD (nadir): METimage 500 m VIIRS 750 m / 375 m AVHRR 1100 m
MERLIN Mission MEthane Remote Sensing LIdar MissioN MERLIN aims at improving our knowledge of the Global Methane Cycle and of the nature of the processes which govern the exchange of methane between biosphere and atmosphere Primary mission objective High accurate space-borne measurements of the spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric CH4 for determination of CH4 fluxes (emissions) on the Earth surface Secondary mission objective (tentatively) Surface properties & vegetation Contribution to cloud/aerosol data base
absorption cross section absorption cross section Column integrated differential optical depth Column integrated differential optical depth Mission Facts Double-pulse laser transmitter Franco-German cooperation (CNES & DLR) - MYRIADE Evolutions platform, launch, t satellite t on off operation t - IPDA LIDAR instrument development l& operation Joint Payload Ground Segment off First space-borne methane lidar instrument: l on NIR Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR Provided by Airbus DS GmbH, Germany Surface Laser transmitter reflectance in double-pulse mode (CH 4 l on & l off ) Range-gated receiver Nadir-viewing mode Satellite / orbit: Distance between successive pulse pairs Small satellite (CNES MYRIADE Evolutions platform) Provided by Airbus DS SAS, France aser footprint Low sun-synchronous Earth orbit (LTAN 6h or 18h) on ground Launch: 2021 (3 years life time) Along track accumulation Laser footprint on ground Distance between successive pulse pairs 0 l off l on Surface reflectance Double-pulse laser transmitter t l on t l off wavelength t on off Along track accumulation l 0 l off l o wavele
MERLIN Satellite Main Parameters Satellite platform: MYRIADE Evolutions Satellite mass: 400 kg Payload mass allocation: 119 kg Satellite power: > 400 W Payload power allocation: 150 W Satellite GPS: 2 sensors Satellite star tracker: 2 X-Band Antenna Receiving Telescope Laser Transmission Telescope Star Tracker Payload: Methane IPDA LIDAR Orbit: XCH4 absorption line: 1.645 nm Laser emitter type: Nd:YAG pumped OPO OPO pulse energy: 9 mj Laser pulse repetition frequency PRF: 20 Hz Receiving telescope size: 69 cm Detector: APD pin diode sun-synchr. polar LEO Solar Array (folded) Solar Array (folded) Radiators S-Band Antenna LTAN: Height: 6:00 hrs or 18:00 hrs approx. 500 km
MERLIN - Overview Franco-German climate satellite mission MERLIN will be the first space-borne methane IPDA LIDAR Global measurements of XCH4 at day and night on a country scale Improvement of inverse modelling accuracy Project status Phase B successfully passed, Phase C/D started Successful airborne demonstrator CHARM-F test flight in May 2015 (CO 2 & CH 4 measurements) Upcoming major milestones & schedule Final design in 2018 Ready for launch in 2021 Mission life time around 3 years DLR IPA CHARM-F on HALO 2015 CNES/illustration David DUCROS, 2016
Firebird Mission objective Detection of high-temperature emission (incl. also 1 10 MW gap) Satellite system @ 570 km orbit altitude / sun-synchronous TET-1 launched on July 22, 2012 BIROS launched on June 22, 2016 Detection System Visible Wavelengths 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 µm (red, green, NIR) IR Cameras Swath width 211 km 178 km GSD 42.4 m 178 m http://www.dlr.de/firebird/en/desktopdefault.aspx MWIR: 3.4-4.2 µm LWIR (TIR): 8.5 9.3 µm
www.dlr.de Chart 25 GRACE / GRACE-FO Some weeks ago: Tom & Jerry 15 years in space see https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6777
German Earth Observation in Summary 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 GRACE GRACE-FO RapidEye TerraSAR-X TanDEM-X PAZ EnMAP MERLIN METimage HRWS-X EnMAP-FO FireBird DESIS Tandem-L