Electronic Supplementary Material Hydrogeology Journal The GIS layers of the International Hydrogeological Map of Europe 1:1,500,000 in a vector format Klaus Duscher 1 *, Andreas Günther 2, Andrea Richts 2, Patrick Clos 1, Uta Philipp 1, Wilhelm Struckmeier 3 1 Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Wilhelmstr. 25 30, 13593 Berlin, Germany 2 Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany 3 Wandelbergsfeld 11, 31303 Burgdorf * corresponding author, Klaus Duscher phone: +49 (0)30 36993 265, email: Klaus.Duscher@bgr.de Table S1 Print dates of the IHME1500 map sheets and availability of related explanatory notes Sheet Year of printing Explanatory notes Sheet Year of printing Explanatory notes A5 La Coruña 1983 D3 Stockholm 1981 X A6 Lisboa 2001 D4 Warszawa 1981 X B2 Island 1980 X D5 Budapest 2013 B3 Edinburgh 1980 X D6 Athina 2009 B4 London 1976 X E2 Archangel'sk 1987 X B5 Paris-Sud 1975 X E3 Moskva 1979 X B6 Madrid 1978 X E4 Kijev 1981 X C2 Trondheim 1984 X E5 Bucureşti 2013 C3 Oslo 1979 X E6 Ankara 1978 C4 Berlin 1977 X F2 Kirov 1992 X C5 Bern 1970 X F3 Kazan' 1990 X C6 Roma 1990 F4 Astrachan' 1995 X D2 Haparanda 1984 X 1
Fig. S1 General map structure of IHME1500 map sheets Text S1 Explanation concerning printed IHME1500 map sheets The entire printed IHME1500 map sheets are built up in an equal structure with the same set of components. These components are illustrated by the division of red framed sections in Fig. S1. The spatial visualisation of map elements is shown in the map face in the centre of a map sheet using signatures and symbols, which are decoded in the left and the right map legend. The left hand legend describes the general classification, lithological composition and stratigraphy of the uppermost groundwater resources with relevance to water management, covering the whole map except for areas with water or ice. The legend on the right side defines all supplementary mapped objects relating to the four categories notes on groundwater and springs (e.g. type and discharge of springs, groundwater level), surface waters (e. g. water divides, lakes, runoff values), artificial works for water management (e.g. wells, canals) and geological symbols (e.g. tectonic fractures, top or base contour lines of formations). The set of these map elements is varying among the map sheets due to availability of information and regional significance. The legend is presented in three languages, which usually encompass two UN-languages and German. 2
Table S2 Selected national map viewers displaying hydrogeological contents (Cited 4 May 2015) Country Denmark Denmark Finland Germany Ireland Norway Norway Slovakia Czech Republic UK Map viewer http://data.geus.dk/geusmap/?lang=en&mapname=rapportdb http://data.geus.dk/geusmap/?mapname=grundvand http://gtkdata.gtk.fi/mdae/index.html http://www.bgr.de/app/huek200/v1/ http://spatial.dcenr.gov.ie/geologicalsurvey/groundwater/index.html http://geo.ngu.no/kart/granada/?lang=english http://www.ngu.no/kart-og-data/kartinnsyn http://mapserver.geology.sk/hydrogeol/ http://mapy.geology.cz/hydro_rajony/index_en.html?config=config_en.xml http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/hydrogeologymap/hydromap.html Table S3 Types of map material and related digitisation methods Available format Digitisation method 1 2 Analogue format Vector data Print maps: A5 La Coruña, B2 Island, B3 Edinburgh and C5 Bern Black & white print masters, print maps: 17 map sheets Freehand (Adobe) graphics: A6 Lisboa and D6 Athina a. ESRI shapefile format: D5 Budapest b. ESRI shape file format exported from OCAD (GIS): E5 Bucureşti On-screen digitisation Semi-automated digitisation with post-processing Export of dxf-files with postprocessing - Digital line themes - Digitisation of polygons from prints to correct topological errors Text S2 Explanation on material types of IHME1500 map sheets The availability of black and white print masters for 17 map sheets facilitated a semi-automatic digitisation of mapped graphical information using a raster scanner device (Robinson et al. 1995). Four map sheets were digitised manually. The four most recently published map sheets were already compiled as vector data in a shapefile format, or were prepared as graphics with the software Freehand (Adobe). 3
Table S4 Coordinate reference system of the IHME1500 print maps and GIS layers Printed map sheets IHME1500 print Projection: Equidistant Conic Central Meridian: 15 20 Standard Parallel 1: 38 or 40 Standard Parallel 2: 58 or 60 GIS Layers IHME1500 v1.1 EPSG code: 3034 Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic False Easting: 4000000,0 False Northing: 2800000,0 Central Meridian: 10,0 Standard Parallel 1: 35,0 Standard Parallel 2: 65,0 Latitude of Origin: 52,0 Linear Unit: Meter (1,0) Datum: ETRS1989 Spheroid: GRS1980 Fig. S2 Adjustment of a IHME1500 scan section to a uniform river network Text S3 Explanation on spatial adjustment of IHME1500 GIS layer to vmap base The modulation to adjust the vector data of the IHME1500 to the Vector Map Level 0 (vmap) river network and coastline was implemented through a displacement according to previously determined adjustment vectors (Fig. S2). To achieve a correct alignment of the IHME1500 map scans with the vmap data, 800 to 2500 displacement vectors were defined for each map sheet. Because minor displacements still occurred in the transition area of neighbouring map sheets, further sets of adjustment vectors were determined in the periphery of the map sheets and subsequent modulations were carried out. The maximum required length of an adjustment vector accounts for a true distance of about 25 km. The modulation was implemented utilising the software tool Spatial Adjustment provided by the GIS ArcMap (ESRI). 4
Table S5 Grouping of the IHME1500 lithology into five aggregation levels including a complete class designation (Separate tables for each of the three material types of aggregation level 5) Level 5: Consolidated materials 5
6
7
Level 5: Partially consolidated materials 8
9
10
Level 5: Unconsolidated materials 11
Fig. S3 Tectonic fractures and aquifer types of the IHME1500 vector data in a section of the Alps 12
Table S6 Selection of national hydrogeological maps in Europe (Modified and extended after Struckmeier and Margat 1995, p 96 105) COUNTRY TITLE SCALE YEAR Albania Hydrogeological map of PSR of Albania --- 3 sheets 1 : 200000 1985 Austria Hydrogeologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1 : 1000000 1969 Austria Hydrogeologische Karte von Österreich 1 : 500000 2003 Belgium Hydrogeologie I und II (in: Atlas de Belgique) 1 : 500000 1964 Bosnia & Carte Hydrogéologique des Eaux Souterraines en Bosnie Herzegovina Central 1 : 300000 a Bulgaria Atlas Narodna Republika Bulgaria. Chidrogeolozka Harta 1 : 1500000 1973 Bulgaria Hydrogeological map of Bulgaria 1 : 200000 1975 Bulgaria Digital groundwater map of Bulgaria 1 : 500000 2004 Croatia Digital basic hydrogeological map 1 : 100000 Croatia Hydrogeological map of the Republic of Croatia 1 : 300000 1996 Cyprus Hydrogeological map of Cyprus 1 : 250000 1970 Former Czechoslovakia Mapa odtoku podzemni vodu CSSR 1 : 1000000 1981 Former Czechoslovakia Hydrogeological map of Czechoslovakia 1 : 1000000 1964 Former Czechoslovakia Preskúmanost' hydrogeologickych rajónov CSSR 1 : 500000 1986 Former Czechoslovakia Hydrogeological map of Czechoslovakia (several sheets) 1 : 50000 1990 Estonia Hydrogeological map of Estonia / Eesti Hüdrogeoloogiline Kaart 1 : 400000 1998 Estonia\Lithuania\ Hydrogeological map of the quaternary deposits of the Latvia Estonia\Lithuania\ Latvia Soviet Baltic Republics 1 : 500000 1980 Hydrogeological map of the pre-quaternary deposits of the Soviet Baltic Republics 1 : 500000 1980 France Carte hydrogéologique de la France - Systémes aquifères 1 : 1500000 1980 Carte de la qualité chimique des eaux souterraines de la France France 1 : 1000000 1977 France Atlas des eaux souterraines de la France 1 : 1000000 1970 France Carte de vulnérabilité à la pollution des nappes d'eau souterraine de la France 1 : 1000000 1970 France Carte et catalogue des principaux systémes aquiferes du territoire francais 1 : 1000000 1970 France Carte de débit moyen des nappes d'eau souterraine de la France 1 : 1000000 1970 France Carte des nappes d'eau souterraine de la France 1 : 1000000 1965 1964 France Carte hydrogéologique de la France (27 sheets) 1 : 50000 1980 France Carte hydrogéologique de la France 1 : 1000000 in press Germany Hydrogeologischer Atlas von Deutschland (HAD) (6 maps) 1 : 2000000 2002 Grundwasservorkommen von Deutschland --- 3 maps Germany (Ergiebigkeit, Qualität, Verschmutzungsempfindlichkeit) 1 : 1000000 1993 Germany Grundwasservorkommen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- 3 maps (Ergiebigkeit, Qualität, Verschmutzungsempfindlichkeit) 1 : 1000000 1980 Germany Hydrogeologischer Atlas der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1 : 1000000 1978 1963 Germany (East) Hydrogeologische Übersichtskarte der DDR --- 4 maps 1 : 200000 1971 13 a
COUNTRY TITLE SCALE YEAR Germany Hydrogeologische Übersichtskarte (14 sheets) 1 : 500000 1952 1957 Germany (East) Hydrogeologisches Kartenwerk der DDR (190 sheets 4 maps each) 1 : 50000 1979 1984 Greece Hydrogeological map of Greece (several sheets) 1 : 50000 1971 1987 Greece Hydrogeological map of Greece 1 : 1000000 1970 Greece Hydrogeological map of Greece 1 : 1000000 1984 Hungary Groundwater map of the Great Hungarian Plain 1 : 200000 1961 Hungary Magydrorszàg Vizfoldtani Atlasza (Atlas hydrogeologique de Hongrie) (71 sheets) 1 : 1000000 to 1 : 100000 1939 Hungary Hydrogeology, (in: National atlas of Hungary) 1 : 1000000 1989 International hydrogeological map of Europe (IHME 1500) Iceland - Sheet B2 Island 1 : 1500000 1980 Italy Schema idrogeologico dell'italia centrale --- 2 sheets 1 : 500000 1987 Luxembourg Carte Hydrogéologique du Luxembourg 1 : 200000 1981 Macedonia Hydrogeological Map 1 : 200000 1977 Provisional map of the (ground) water flow systems in the The Netherlands Netherlands 1 : 600000 1988 The Netherlands Hydrological map of the Netherlands 1 : 1500000 1972 The Netherlands Geohydrological maps of the Netherlands 1 : 500000 1972 The Netherlands Grondwaterkaart van Nederland 1 : 50000 1970 Poland Mapa hydrogeologiczna Polski 1 : 1000000 1970 Karte über den Schutz der wichtigsten Poland Grundwasservorkommen von Polen 1 : 500000 1988 Poland Hydrogeological map of Poland 1 : 200000 1967 1993 Poland Hydrogeological atlas of Poland (7 maps) 1 : 500000 1994 Portugal Carta hidrogeológica de Portugal 1 : 1000000 1970 Portugal Carta hidrogeológica de Portugal 1 : 200000 1986 Romania Apele Subterane (Atlasul Republicii Socialiste Romanis) 1 : 1500000 1975 Carte Hydrogeologique (in: Atlas Géologique de la Romania République Socialiste de Romanie) 1 : 1000000 1969 Romania The hydrogeological map of Romania 1 : 1000000 1975 Romania Harta Hidrogeologica - Romania 1 : 100000 1984 1971 Slovakia Hydrogeological map of Slovak Republic 1 : 200000 1978 Slovenia Hydrogeological map of Slovenia - IAH 1 : 250000 2004 Slovenia Hydrogeological map of Slovenia 1 : 250000 1995 Scale not Serbia Hydrogeological map of Serbia and Montenegro indicated 1995 Serbia Hidrogeoloska Karta N.R. Srbije 1 : 500000 1958 Serbia Hydrogeological map of Serbia 1 : 200000 1983 Mapa de Sintesis de Sistemas Acuiferos de España Spain Peninsular, Baleares y Canarias 1 : 1660000 1971 Spain Mapa hidrogeológico nacional 1 : 1000000 1972 14
COUNTRY TITLE SCALE YEAR Spain Mapa hidrogeológico de España y de Unidades Hidrogeológicas 1 : 1000000 2000 Spain Mapa Unidades Hidrogeológicas de la España Peninsular e Islas Baleares - Síntesis de sus Características 1 : 1000000 1990 Spain Mapa Hidrogeológico de España 1 : 1000000 1991 Spain Mapa de vulnerabilidad a la contaminacion de la España Peninsular, Baleares y Canarias 1 : 1000000 1972 Spain Carte hydrogéologique de reconnaissance de l'espagne des Baléares et des Canaries 1 : 1000000 1971 Spain Mapa hidrogeológico de España 1 : 200000 a Sweden Hydrogeological map of Sweden (several sheets) 1 : 50000 1974 Sweden Hydrogeological maps 1 : 250000 1981 Sweden Hydrogeological map of Sweden / Grundvattnet I Sverige 1 : 1000000 1995 Switzerland Carte hydrogéologique de la Suisse 1 : 200000 1965 Switzerland Hydrogeologische Karte der Schweiz (several sheets) 1 : 100000 1972 Switzerland Hydrogeologie (in: Atlas der Schweiz) 1 : 500000 1965 1978 Switzerland Ausdehnung und Mächtigkeit der Lockergesteins- Grundwasservorkommen 1 : 500000 2006 Switzerland Grundwasservorkommen (in: Hydrologischer Atlas der Schweiz) 1 : 500000 2004 Turkey Hydrogeological map of Turkey (18 sheets) 1 : 500000 1967 Turkey Hydrogeological map of Turkey (several sheets) 1 : 200000 1967 1974 Turkey Hydrogeological map of Turkey --- 2 sheets 1 : 1500000 1971 Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Scale not Atlas of Hydrogeological Maps indicated 1970 Former USSR Hydrochemical map of the USSR 1 : 5000000 1966 Former USSR Map of groundwater flow of the USSR (zone of active exchange between different waters) 1 : 5000000 1965 Former USSR Hydrogeological map of the USSR 1 : 2500000 1969 Former USSR Hydrochemical map of the USSR 1 : 2500000 1976 Former USSR Map of the mineral groundwater of the USSR 1 : 2000000 1967 Former USSR Map of the groundwater in the European part of the USSR 1 : 1500000 1958 Former USSR Gidrogeologiceskaja karta Kemerovskoj oblasti u Altajskogo kraja 1 : 1000000 1972 Former USSR National hydrogeological map of the USSR (several sheets) 1 : 200000 1985 United Kingdom Hydrogeological map of England and Wales 1 : 625000 1977 United Kingdom Hydrogeological map of Scotland 1 : 625000 1988 United Kingdom Hydrogeological map of Northern Ireland 1 : 250000 1994 United Kingdom Groundwater resources of the United Kingdom 1 : 500000 1982 United Kingdom 1:625 000 scale digital hydrogeological data 1 : 625000 2012 Former Yugoslavia Hydrogeological map of Yugoslavia 1 : 500000 1987 Former Yugoslavia Hidrogeoloska karta Jugoslavije 1 : 500000 1976 a Information about publication date not available 15
Presentation S1 (following pages): Eftimi et al. (2013) Hydrogeological Mapping in Albania - From the IHME contribution to larger scale national maps 16
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin Hydrogeological Mapping in Albania From the IHME contribution to larger scale national maps R. Eftimi, I. Tafilaj, G. Bisha & Xh. Sheganaku Mali me Gropa karst plateau Selita spring
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin The hydrogeological mapping of Albania is not an history of some outstanding scientific achievement. It is, instead, a simple history of some young and devoted specialists who loved their work and put all their enthusiasm in realizing an important goal: The compilation of the Hydrogeological Map of Albania, sc. 1:200.000. 1 The experience gained during the compilation of IHM of Europe scale 1: 1.500.000 was by all means a very important factor enabling the successful completion of this goal.
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 1. Some geographical data M o n t e n e g r o K o s o v a Surface 28.748 km 2 Population 3.2 million Average elevation 708 m asl The highest peak, Korabi 2751 m asl Average Temperature 14-16 C Average precipitation 1450 mm/y Hydrographic surface 43.305 km 2 Average surface flow 1308 m 3 /s Average underground flow 288 m 3 /s 2
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 2. Some geological data Albania has a rather complicated geological construction: The northern Albania extends to Dinarides, and the remaining part of the territory extends southwards to Hellenides The territory of Albania is characterized by a variety of geological formations ranging from Ordovician to Quaternary in age; they comprise sedimentary, and magmatic types with rather frequent metamorphic rocks. The inner tectonic zones consist of magmatic and metamorphic rocks with some carbonate structures and molasses intermountain depressions. 3 The outer tectonic zones consist of carbonate structures and wide areas filled with flysch formations; in the lower western part of the country is situated the Adriatic depression filled with thick molasses sediments
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 3. Start of hydrogeological investigation in Albania The organized hydrogeological investigations in Albania started in 1958 with the creation of the Hydrogeological Enterprise, the first and the only specialized institution in the field of Hydrogeology in Albania. In 1963, with the proposal of the specialists of the Hydrogeological Enterprise, a general plan for the hydrogeological prospecting of all the territory of Albania started. The were the main goals of the hydrogeological prospecting: Water supply groundwater investigations; Compilation of the Hydrogeological Map of Albania scale 1:200.000. Blue Eay Spring, Q mean =18.5m 3 /s 4
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 4. Hydrogeological prospecting of Albania The hydrogeological prospecting of Albania lasted 12 years, from 1963 to 1974. The activities of the hydrogeological prospecting : a ) prospecting of the low elevation areas by groundwater wells; b) inventory of the springs of the mountain areas; c) collection of hydrogeological data from the mining dewatering; d) water chemical analyses; e) groundwater monitoring. The capacity building of the Hydrogeological Enterprise: 5 a) 12 engineer hydrogeologists and 10 technician hydrogeologists b) 5 old fashion drilling machines (rotary and cable tool); c) a chemical laboratory; d) a mechanical shop;
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 5. Main results of the hydrogeological prospecting of Albania Investigated groundwater basins; 13 basins of gravelly aquifers 2500 km2 2 basins of Neogene molasses 4700 km2 Investigation of 25 karst massifs 6500 km2 Drilling of about 1300 groundwater boreholes of depth 30 to 400 m In Albania there are: 110 springs of average discharge > 100 l/s 17 springs of average discharge > 1000 l/s Inventory of about 2500 springs Performance of about 3000 water chemical analyses 6
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 6. Photos documenting the hydrogeological prospecting of Albania, 1964-1974 1966 1974 The construction of an artesian well free flowing about 100 l/s in Fushe Kuqe alluvial basin; the authorities are satisfied An artesian well with the piezometers, Lezha basin 7 The dug well in the centre of the village 1968 A pumping test and the piezometers 1967 A historical picture near the monitoring wells in Korça s intermountain artesian basin
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 7. Start of the hydrogeological mapping The team for the compilation of the hydrogeological Map of Albania scale 1:200.000 was established in 1974. At the end of 1974, Albania was invited by Prof. Karrenberg to collaborate for the compilation of the the Albanian share (sheet D6 Athina) of IHM of Europe scale 1:1.500.000. At that time of a total self isolation of Albania, this was the first chance to participate in an important international activity and to gain experience on hydrogeological mapping, an important facet for the compilation of hydrogeological map of Albania scale 1:200.000. It was decided that the map team was to work contemporary on two maps of 1:200.000 and 1:1.500.000 scales. 8
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 8. Review of the hydrogeological maps The hydrogeological maps differ in content, representation, scale and format, but the two main types of maps could be differed in: General hydrogeological maps; Special hydrogeological maps. The principia of the compilation of the hydrogeological maps is determined by the main element cartographically depicted on the maps: maps of geological principle; maps of hydrogeological zoning; maps of hydrogeological principle. 9 IHM of Europe sc. 1:1.500.000 is a general hydrogeological map: The colors show the hydrogeological classification of the rocks The basic elements shown on the map are the hydrogeological units: The aquifers are classified based on: Lithology and petrography of rocks permeability productivity
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 9. Compilation of the hydrogeological map scale 1:1.500.000 The compilation of Sheet D6-Athina lasted more than 40 years. During this time span, the draft map of Albanian share and the related text were corrected several times to better fit with the neighbouring countries and to be adopted to the new geological maps of the country. 10
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 10. Could the principles applied for the compilation of IHM of Europe sc. 1:1.500.000 also serve for the compilation of maps of larger scales? The principles applied by the IHM of Europe scale 1:1.500.000 could also serve for the compilation of larger scale maps. The general larger scale hydrogeological maps keep the same structure as the maps of scale 1:1.500.000, but are richer in documentation: The classification of the aquifers could be detailed; The number of the Group of Rocks rest the same; The number of the Aquifer Classes could be increased; The number of the Hydrogeological Units could be increased; Data points and ornaments could be enriched, particularly those related to groundwater chemistry. 11 The Hydrogeological Map of Albania scale 1:200.000 was decided to be based on principles as IHM of Europe scale 1:1.500.000
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 11. Compilation of the hydrogeological map of Albania scale 1:200.000 First Draft of Hydrogeological Map of Albania (hand-painted), 1979 The map team was poorly supplied. The work started with the compilation of a handwriting hydrogeological data base. The first draft (hand-painted) of the hydrogeological map was finished in 1979. The second draft (hand-painted), based on the new geological map of Albania sc. 1:200.000, was finished in 1983. 12
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 12. Publication of the Hydrogeological Map scale 1:200.000 The HM of Albania sc. 1:200.000 was published in 1985 (in Albanian and in English) The map clearly identifies the hydrogeological characteristics of Albania, such as: The location of different aquifers and the delineation of the hydrogeological structures like gravelly basins, karst massifs, basins filled with molasses, magmatic rocks massifs with fissure and areas poor in ground water; The location of the important water supply drilling areas and big springs; The groundwater quality for drilling areas and of the springs; thermomineral springs and areas of seawater intrusion. 13 The map can be successfully used not only for planning purposes, but also for the solution of many practical problems of groundwater use.
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 13. Comparison of the HM of Albania of different scales 14 The hydrogeological classification of rocks is more detailed on the map sc. 1:200.000: Map scale 1:1.500.000 1:200.000 Group of rocks 3 3 Aquifer classes 6 7 Hydrogeological unites 17 45 (may be are to much?) Class of springs 3 6 New signs on the map scale 1.200.000: Part of the stream totally infiltrated in the gravelly aquifers Limit of very intensive karst area The river drains intensively the groundwater The river recharges intensively the groundwater Discharge from mine workings classified in three discharge groups Some hydrochemical data on thermomineral springs and water wells, etc.
15 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin 14. Compilation of the larger scale special hydrogeological maps Special hydrogeological maps scale 1:50.000 or 1: 25.000 usually are compiled for the solution of practical problems related to the groundwater exploitation of the gravelly aquifers. These maps are focused on the basins, which are depicted in a general manner on the map scale 1:200.000. Special maps are very different according to the problems of the investigated basins, but the three types of maps shown below appear to be the more important ones.
International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, 22-23 August, 2013 Berlin The second edition of the Hydrogeological Map of Albania sc. 1:200.00 is currently under preparation. Thank You for your attention! 1966
References Eftimi R, Bisha G, Tafilaj I, Sheganaku X (2013) Hydrogeological Mapping in Albania - From the IHME contribution to larger scale national maps, Presentation at the International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, Berlin, 22-23 August 2013, http://www.bgr.bund.de/en/themen/wasser/veranstaltungen/workshop_ihme_2013/presentation _07_eftimi.pdf? blob=publicationfile&v=2. Cited 10 June 2015 Robinson A H, Morrison J L, Muehricke P C, Kimerling A J, Guptil S C (1995) Elements of Cartography, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 6 th ed. Struckmeier W, Margat J (eds) (1995) Hydrogeological Maps: A Guide and a Standard Legend, Int. Contibution to Hydrogeol 17, Hannover