Earth and Space Systems: Relative Positions of Sun, Earth and Moon, Patterns and Seasons Washington University in St. Louis Institute for School Partnership Unit 7: Partner Resource Sun and Moon
Additional Teacher Resources BOOKS Me and My Place in Space, by Joan Sweeny and Annette Cable Explore the Solar System!, by Anita Yasuda Backyard Stars: A Guide for Home and the Road Amazing Science: Spots of Light -- A Book About Stars, by Dana Meachen Rau Look to the Stars, by Buzz Aldrin Patterns in Nature: Day and Night, by Margaret Hall Starry Night Elementary: Bring a Universe of Excitement to Your Students, by Imaginova Corporation Amazing Science: Night Light -- A Book About the Moon, by Dana Meachen Rau Kids Book of the Night Sky, by Jane Drake & Ann Love ONLINE RESOURCES A Trip To The Moon: http://www.readworks.org/ passages/trip-moon Earth s Moon: http://www.readworks.org/passages/ earths-moon Longest and Shortest Days: http://www.readworks. org/passages/longest-and-shortest-days. Readworks Passage with questions From Morning to Night: http://www.readworks.org/ passages/morning-night. Readworks Passage with questions The Moon Journal: http://www.readworks.org/passages/moon-journal Sunlight In The Night: http://www.readworks.org/ passages/sunlight-night A Big Star: http://www.readworks.org/passages/ big-star What Are Stars?: http://www.readworks.org/passages/what-are-stars Day To Night: http://www.readworks.org/passages/ day-night Why Do The Seasons Change? http://wonderopolis. org/wonder/why-do-the-seasons-change-2 Why Do You Have To Go To Bed Before Dark? http:// wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-do-you-have-togo-to-bed-before-dark When Is Your Half Birthday? http://wonderopolis. org/wonder/when-is-your-half-birthday How Did The Months Of The Year Get Their Names? http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-did-themonths-of-the-year-get-their-names Where Is The Big Dipper? http://wonderopolis.org/ wonder/where-is-the-big-dipper When Are The Dog Days Of Summer? http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/when-are-the-dog-days-ofsummer What s Your Zodiac Sign? http://wonderopolis.org/ wonder/whats-your-zodiac-sign How Were Birthstones Chosen For Each Month? http:// wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-were-birthstones-chosen-for-each-month LOANER ITEMS Trippensee Elementary Planetarium Model (ISP 100-9930): http://schoolpartnership.wustl.edu/products/trippensee-elementary-planetarium-model/ DISCOVERY ED (Subscription Needed) Constellations: http://bit.ly/1t9umc0 Tips: Patterns in the sky The Sun at Different times of Day: http://bit.ly/1isthed Days: http://bit.ly/1s1waab Tips: 24 hours Night and Day: http://bit.ly/1gpltim Tips: choose the appropriate clip(s) Summer: http://bit.ly/1isuatl Winter: http://bit.ly/1mfwihz Phases of the Moon: http://bit.ly/1gamknu I Spy a Starry Sky: http://bit.ly/1hzd2ma Tips: Animated, choose the appropriate clip(s) 2
CAREER CONNECTIONS NASA SpacePlace: http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/spaceplace-live/en/ Space Research Scientist: http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/scientists/scientist3.html Space Suit Researchers: http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/scientists/scientist42.html NASA Researcher: http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/ scientists/scientist46.html Astronomer: http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/scientists/scientist60.html Electrical Engineer: http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/ scientists/scientist26.html Aerospace Engineer: http://www.careergirls.org/ careers/aerospace-engineer 3
Teacher Background Information In this unit, students learn about cycles and make observations to find out more about how the sky appears to change. Students will learn the basis for understanding both our place in the universe and time. CYCLES Cycles repeat themselves over and over again. They are predictable patterns in your everyday life, such as your birthday. Your birthday will come again year after year. Students in this unit are looking at patterns related to the sky, such as shadows, day and night, moon phases and constellations. SHADOWS A shadow is a dark spot that is formed when an object blocks light. As the sun changes position in the sky, the size and location of a shadow changes. Shadows are longer in the morning and evening. Shadows are the shortest at noon. A shadow caused by sunlight completes a cycle. Some of the first clocks (sundials) used shadows to tell time and some people still use shadows today to predict the time. DAY AND NIGHT Day and night is caused by the rotation or spinning of the Earth on its axis. The axis is an imaginary line that runs through the center of the Earth from the North Pole to South Pole. Each rotation takes about 24 hours, which marks the length of one day on Earth. Earth rotates counterclockwise and this causes the sun to appear to move across the sky from east to west. Some people may say that the Sun rises and sets, however this appearance is due to a location on Earth s position compared to the Sun. The Earth is also tilted on its axis. When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, the North Pole is tilted towards the sun. That is the reason there are longer periods of daylight in the northern hemisphere in the summer. When it is winter in the northern hemisphere, the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. This causes shorter amounts of daylight in the winter. The same is true for the southern hemisphere. When the South Pole is tilted towards the sun, the southern hemisphere experiences summer. When the South Pole is tilted away from the sun, the southern hemisphere experiences winter. In the areas near the equator, the length of day and night are pretty close all year, and they experience wet and dry seasons instead of summer and winter. Near the Earth s poles, the length of day and night changes from 0-24 hours depending on whether or not the pole is tilted towards or away from the sun. CONSTELLATIONS Stars seem to appear in the night sky in different seasons. They seem to form different shapes or pictures. These shapes/pictures are called constellations. As the Earth revolves to different sides of the Sun, different constellations are in the night sky. Constellations also seem to move across the night sky. This is due to the Earth s rotation. The position of a constellation in the sky can change, but the stars that make up the constellation remain the same. FURTHER READING AND SOURCES Shadows: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/ physical_processes/shadows/read/3/ About Day and Night: http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/ skytellers/day_night/ Moon Phase Calculator: https://stardate.org/nightsky/ moon Constellations: http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/drmarc-space/constellations.html Motion of the Stars: http://physics.weber.edu/schroeder/ ua/starmotion.html Polaris is the North Star: http://earthsky.org/brightest-stars/polaris-the-present-day-north-star 4
Name: Date: Unit 7: Sun and Moon Circle one: Pre- OR Post-Assessment 1. Look at the pattern of the moon phases below. Circle one cycle of the pattern. Continue the pattern by drawing two moons on the two empty lines. 1a. Complete the pattern by drawing a picture and completing the words. DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT 2. Look at the two pictures of the bear sitting in the sun. The bear is missing his shadow in each picture. Draw the bear s shadow for the part of day shown. Unit 7 Sun and Moon 5
3. Look at the picture of the sun and the Earth. Look at the X on the Earth. Is it day or night in the place where the X is on Earth? Circle your answer. X day or night 4. Circle the objects that we can see during the day. MOON SUN STARS PLANET CONSTELLATION 5. What happens each day on Earth? a. The earth does not rotate. b. Twenty-four hours pass by. c. The sun goes up and never goes down. Unit 7 Sun and Moon 6
6. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 6a. How many daylight hours are there in January? 6b. Which month has the most daylight hours? 6c. Which season has the longest number of daylight hours to play in the park? a. Spring b. Summer c. Winter 7. How long does it take the moon to go through all of its phases? a. A day b. A month c. A year Unit 7 Sun and Moon 7
Name: SCORING GUIDE: 14 points total Date: Unit 7: Sun and Moon Circle one: Pre- OR Post-Assessment 1. Look at the pattern of the moon phases below. Circle one cycle of the pattern. Continue the pattern by drawing two moons on the two empty lines. 3 POINTS 1a. Complete the pattern by drawing a picture and completing the words. 2 POINTS. 1 point for each part of the pattern: sun/day and then moon/night. DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT 2. Look at the two pictures of the bear sitting in the sun. The bear is missing his shadow in each picture. Draw the bear s shadow for the part of day shown. 2 POINTS West East shadow should be right of bear shadow should be left of bear Unit 7 Sun and Moon 8
3. Look at the picture of the sun and the Earth. Look at the X on the Earth. Is it day or night in the place where the X is on Earth? Circle your answer. 1 POINT X day or night 4. Circle the objects that we can see during the day. 2 POINTS MOON SUN STARS PLANET CONSTELLATION 5. What happens each day on Earth? 1 POINT a. The earth does not rotate. b. Twenty-four hours pass by. c. The sun goes up and never goes down. Unit 7 Sun and Moon 9
6. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 3 POINTS. 1 point for each correct answer for a, b and c. 6a. How many daylight hours are there in January? 10 6b. Which month has the most daylight hours? June 6c. Which season has the longest number of daylight hours to play in the park? a. Spring b. Summer c. Winter 7. How long does it take the moon to go through all of its phases? 1 POINT a. A day b. A month c. A year Unit 7 Sun and Moon 10
Unit 7: Sun and Moon Assessment Standards Breakdown STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 1: GLE UN 2 B k b ESS1.A: The Universe and its Stars Patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted. (Lessons 1 & 6) STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 1A: (Lessons 1 & 6) GLE UN 2 B k b STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 1B: (Lessons 1 & 6) GLE UN 2 B k b ESS1.A: The Universe and its Stars Patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted. STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 1C: (Lessons 1 & 6) GLE UN 2 B k b ESS1.A: The Universe and its Stars Patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted. STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 2: GLE UN 2 A 3 a (Lesson 2) STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 3: GLE UN 2 C 3 a (Lesson 4) STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 4: GLE UN 2 B k b ESS1.A: The Universe and its Stars Patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted. (Lesson 7) STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 5: GLE UN 2 C 3 a ESS1.A: The Universe and its Stars Patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted. (Lesson 3) STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN QUESTION 6: 1-ESS1-2. Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year. SCIENCE & ENGINEERING PRACTICES DISCIPLINARY CORE IDEAS CROSSCUTTING CONCEPTS Analyzing and Interpreting Data Use observations (firsthand or from media) to describe patterns and/or relationships in the natural and designed world(s) in order to answer scientific questions and solve problems. ESS1.B: Earth and the Solar System Seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset can be observed, described, and predicted. (Lessons 5 & 8) Patterns Patterns in the natural world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence. Unit 7 Sun and Moon 11
Name: Date: Unit 7: Sun and Moon Assessment Checklist Materials Needed: Student Pages from student science journal LESSON 1 - BEGINNING 2 - DEVELOPING 3-PROFICIENT 1 2 3 Student is able to draw different kinds of patterns in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. Student is able to represent how shadows change position throughout the day according to the position of the sun in the sky via illustration in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. Student is able to draw the sun and earth rotating between day and night in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. 4 Student is able to identify when day and night is experienced by people on Earth in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. 5 Student is able to compare the amount of sunlight in different seasons. Completed during Evaluate. 6 Student is able to identify the different phases of the moon in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. 7 Student is able to label objects that cause the patterns we see in the sky in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. 8 Student is able to work with a group to create and explain a poster that shows an observable pattern. Completed during Evaluate. Unit 7 Sun and Moon 12
Unit 7: Sun and Moon Assessment Checklist Materials Needed: Student Pages from student science journal STUDENT NAMES LESSON & OBJECTIVE LESSON 1: Student is able to draw different kinds of patterns in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. LESSON 2: Student is able to represent how shadows change position throughout the day according to the position of the sun in the sky via illustration in his/ her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. LESSON 3: Student is able to draw the sun and earth rotating between day and night in his/ her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. LESSON 4: Student is able to identify when day and night is experienced by people on Earth in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. STUDENT SCORES (1 - BEGINNING, 2 - DEVELOPING, OR 3 - PROFICIENT) Unit 7 Sun and Moon 13
STUDENT NAMES LESSON & OBJECTIVE STUDENT SCORES (1 - BEGINNING, 2 - DEVELOPING, OR 3 - PROFICIENT) LESSON 5: Student is able to compare the amount of sunlight in different seasons. Completed during Evaluate. LESSON 6: Student is able to identify the different phases of the moon in his/ her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. LESSON 7: Student is able to label objects that cause the patterns we see in the sky in his/her science journal. Completed during Evaluate. LESSON 8: Student is able to work with a group to create and explain a poster that shows an observable pattern. Completed during Evaluate. Unit 7 Sun and Moon 14
Unit 7: Sun and Moon Teacher Pages
Bear Shadows Answer Key Section 1, Lesson 2 Teacher Page 01
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 02
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 03
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 04
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 05
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 06
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 07
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 08
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 09
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 10
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 11
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 12
Clock Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 4 11 12 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 Teacher Page 13
Day and Night Answer Key Section 2, Lesson 4 DIRECTIONS Fill in the blanks with these words: day night pattern 24 hours pattern Day following night is a. It takes 24 hours for the Earth to rotate one time. day At noon (12:00 PM) it is. night At midnight (12:00 AM) it is. Write the word night under where the X is in night and day where the X is in daylight. X X night day Teacher Page 14
Summer Light Section 2, Lesson 5 rotation axis NORTH sun never sets long days sunlight sun never rises equal days and nights SOUTH short days Teacher Page 15
Day & Night Worksheet Section 2, Lesson 5 Teacher Page 16
Hours of Daylight in a Year Section 2, Lesson 5 Number of Hours 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Winter Spring Summer Fall Write the seasons that go with the months. Word Bank: Winter, Spring, Summer and Fall Teacher Page 17
Moon Phases Section 3, Lesson 6 Teacher Page 18
Moon Phases Answer Key Section 3, Lesson 6 The correct order for the Moon Phases worksheet (Student Page 08) is: New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third/Final Quarter, Waning Crescent Teacher Page 19
Moon Phase Evaluation Section 3, Lesson 6 DIRECTIONS Write the correct moon phase under the picture. Word Bank: New Moon, Full Moon, Crescent Moon, Quarter Moon new moon quarter moon crescent moon full moon Teacher Page 20
Evaluating Patterns Answer Key Section 4, Lesson 7 DIRECTIONS Label the drawing with the correct words. WORD BANK Earth Moon Sun Orbit Stars moon stars earth sun orbit Teacher Page 21
Vocabulary & Glossary All Sections and Lessons We recommend that students participate in investigations as they learn vocabulary, that it is introduced as they come across the concept. MySci students work collaboratively and interact with others about science content, thus increasing vocabulary. Also, the hands-on activities offer students written, oral, graphic, and kinesthetic opportunities to use scientific vocabulary; therefore, the vocabulary should not be taught in isolation. AXIS an imaginary line that passes from the North Pole to the South Pole through the center of the Earth DAY the time needed for Earth to complete one rotation on its axis, 24 hours CLOCK a tool used to measure time, including minutes and hours GLOBE a spherical shaped map of the Earth CONSTELLATION a group of stars that seem to form a pattern or a picture in the sky HEMISPHERE one half of the Earth, either divided as north and south or east and west CYCLE a series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order HOUR a unit of time equal to one of the 24 parts of a day and night; 60 minutes Teacher Page 22
LIGHT BLOCKER something that blocks the light from a surface, often creating a shadow PHASE (of the moon) the regular changes in the way the moon looks from Earth LIGHT SOURCE the source of illumination REVOLVE to move in an orbit around another object MODEL a picture, idea or object that represents another object or process ROTATE to spin on an axis MOON a natural object that orbits a planet SHADOW an area of darkness created when a source of light is blocked ORBIT a path that one object in space takes as it revolves around another object in space STAR an object in space that produces its own light and heat PATTERN something that repeats; consistent and recurring; may help in the identification of a phenomenon or problem TILT to lean on an angle, not upright Teacher Page 23