33 rd ICP M & M Task Force Meeting New Results of Critical Load Calculation including Biodiversity Hans-Dieter Nagel, Angela Schlutow & Yolandi Bouwer (OEKO-DATA) Markus Geupel & Thomas Scheuschner (UBA) 04.-06.04.2017 Wallingford, UK
The response of the German NFC to the Call for Data 2015-2017 focuses on the ical loads based on biodiversity. Despite this, the classical ical loads that protect ecosystems against acidification and / or eutrophication were also submitted. The dataset was completed by information on the protection status of the ecosystems (e.g. SPA or SAC under the NATURA 2000 framework) and an overview of EUNIS classes relevant for Germany. The German dataset consists of 1.26 million records representing about 30 % percent of the territory. What is really new? For the first time the new CORINE 2012 land use data formed the basis for the derivation of ecological receptors. A high-resolution data set with a spatial resolution of one hectare was used. The high resolution of this base layer has the effect that smaller, more sensitive habitats in need of protection have been recorded. In addition due to the broadened scope focusing on biodiversity, the precautionary environmental protection could be expanded. 04.04.2017 2
CORINE - Code Sum of receptor area Description Area in Germany [ha] CORINE 2006 CORINE 2012 Area in Germany Proportion of Area in Germany Area in Germany [%] receptors [%] [ha] [%] Proportion of receptors [%] 311 deciduous forests 2366220,163 6,61 21,66 3601127,67 10,05 32,05 312 coniferous forests 5728852,522 16,00 52,44 5584083,67 15,59 49,69 313 mixed forests 2355732,998 6,58 21,57 1585015,28 4,43 14,11 321 natural grassland 196866,3142 0,55 1,80 187809,76 0,52 1,67 322 heathland 105158,3036 0,29 0,96 96627,75 0,27 0,86 411 fens and mires 49480,8929 0,14 0,45 69595,42 0,19 0,62 412 peat bogs 105165,0292 0,29 0,96 87380,77 0,24 0,78 421 salt marshes 16083,17016 0,04 0,15 25431,72 0,07 0,23 10923559,39 30,50 100 11237072,05 31,38 100 Decrease of mixed forests of nearly - 7.5 % Small changes for coniferous forests (- 2.5 %) Increase of deciduous forests of about + 10 % 04.04.2017 3
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For the purpose of deriving the appropriate or meaningful receptors the classification scheme used in the CORINE land use dataset was found to be too coarse. For example, in the case of forests, CORINE only distinguishes between deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. However, the receptors are supposed to consist of site-typical vegetation units, from which the main tree species and characteristic herb and grass species of the forests, woodlands and open land receptors emerge. In order to classify site-typical vegetation species, climate, soil and land use data was combined spatially. From the spatial intersection of the digital CORINE land use map, the differentiated soil survey map of Germany (BÜK1000N) and the climatic regions, 1028 different combination types emerged for the German ical load dataset. From this a total of 233 different plant associations were established in Germany, 132 of which are forest plant communities and 101 open land plant communities. Example: CORINE code + Soil unit + Climate region = Plant community 04.04.2017 7
Derivation of receptor type BERN- Database: Oak-hornbeam forest (Galio- Carpinetum) intersection of land use type, soil type and regional climate type is resulting in a site typical plant community CORINE 2012 Land use code = 311 deciduous forest German soil map 2014 soil type = eutric cambisol from sandy loess map of precipitation and temperature regional climate type = subcontinental 04.04.2017 8
5 perc 3.3 25 perc 6.6 50 perc 10.4 75 perc 17.6 95 perc 28.1 average 13.7 04.04.2017 9
Linking the classical CL approach with biodiversity targets Critical Load for Nitrogen Classical CL Biodiversity CL CL eut CL eut ( N) CLN ( N) Ni Nu Nle( acc) N de max N i N u f (T ) f (H ) N PS *[ N] le( acc) N de f (S) T = Temperature H = Habitat type S = Soil 04.04.2017 10
Linking the classical approach with biodiversity targets by the leaching term N PS *[ N] le( acc) 04.04.2017 11
Base saturation [BS] ÖKO-DATA Distribution of the possibility function of the woodruff beech forest community 16 15 C/N - ratio Asperulo-Fagetum sylvatici (typ. Subass.) MAYER 1964 Critical C/N ratio to BS value for the reference plant community in favorable ecological conditions C/N (bdiv) BS (bdiv) = point of the ical limits, where the possibility degree function along the edge of the optimum plateau meets the gradient of nutrient imbalance 04.04.2017 12
Linking the classical CL approach with biodiversity targets Critical Load for Nutrient Nitrogen to protect from Eutrophication classical CL nut ( N) Ni Nu Nle( acc) N de biodiversity N (acc) = PS * [N] [N] is derived from Table V.5 ICP M&M Mapping Manual CLN max Ni Nu Nle( acc) N de [N] is calculated on basis of C/N (bdiv) according to the BERN database 04.04.2017 13
Linking the classical CL approach with biodiversity targets Critical Load of Sulphur to protect from Acidification classical biodiversity CL S CL max S max CL max S BC dep Cldep BCw Bcu ANCle( ) apply equations of the Mapping Manual CL S max BC dep Cldep BCw Bcu ANCle( ) extension with limits of the BERN database 04.04.2017 14
1. ANC le( ) PS 2 / 3 1,5 Bc K dep gibb Bc w Bc ( Bc / Al) u 1/ 3 1,5 Bc dep Bc w ( Bc / Al) Bc u 2. ANC ] 3 K H [ H ] while ph log [ H ] ) le( ) PS gibb [ 10 3. ANC PS Al, and Al 2 BC le( ) ([ H ] le( ) [ Al] le( ) ) while [ Al] le( ) w w w 3 4. ANC le( ) PS ([ H] ( Kgibb[ H] ) ) while [ H ] K Gap 100 [ Bc] BS ( geo) 1 5. ANC le( ) PS ([ H ] ( K gibb [ H ] ) 3 ) while [ H ] K Gap 100 [ Bc] BS ( phyto) 1 and K gap k HBc k 1 AlBc K 1 3 gibb CL max S = min{ CL(1) ; CL(2) ; CL(3) CL(4)} CL S max = min{ CL(1) ; CL(2) ; CL(3) CL(4) ; CL(5)} 04.04.2017 15
Preliminary results of ical load computation: 04.04.2017 16
Thank you all! I wish you the best and continued success with our projects for clean air in Europe. 04.04.2017 17