(! "! # ) T *+!, &'( ) % -.* / *3 '!'1 2 .=! =&6 0 * ' ) 4 50 *6 7 ) 8 ) 9 :; )!'

Similar documents
. ) =-, *+ 7 4* 8 ) 0 *+ 7 (c. 0 A #B (d

Tuple Relational Calculus

INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL and DOMESTIC AREAS OF EXPERTISE

Database Systems SQL. A.R. Hurson 323 CS Building

`G 12 */" T A5&2/, ]&>b ; A%/=W, 62 S 35&.1?& S + ( A; 2 ]/0 ; 5 ; L) ( >>S.

albuquerquefoundation.org

INF1383 -Bancos de Dados

Database Design and Normalization

T h e C S E T I P r o j e c t

0# E % D 0 D - C AB

rhtre PAID U.S. POSTAGE Can't attend? Pass this on to a friend. Cleveland, Ohio Permit No. 799 First Class

35H MPa Hydraulic Cylinder 3.5 MPa Hydraulic Cylinder 35H-3

Downloaded from pdmag.info at 18: on Friday March 22nd 2019

Future Self-Guides. E,.?, :0-..-.,0 Q., 5...q ',D5', 4,] 1-}., d-'.4.., _. ZoltAn Dbrnyei Introduction. u u rt 5,4) ,-,4, a. a aci,, u 4.

1 Introduction JARRETT WALKER + ASSOCIATES. SEPTA Philadelphia Bus Network Choices Report

P a g e 3 6 of R e p o r t P B 4 / 0 9

THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS TECHNICAL REPORT #253 RIZVI-SOBEL SUBSET SELECTION WITH UNEQUAL SAMPLE SIZES

FYE 1-4-FUN! Fall 2012 First-Year Seminars

BENEFITS OF COMPLETING COLLEGE Lesson Plan #1

IIOCTAHOBJIEHILN. 3AKOHOITATEJIbHOEc oe pahiie riejtfl Br,rHc Kofr on[q.c ru ]s. llpe4ce4arenr 3 arono4are,rbuoro Co6paurax B.B.

The File Geodatabase API. Craig Gillgrass Lance Shipman

ERROR SPACE MOTION CONTROL METHODOLOGY FOR COMPLEX CONTOURS. Robert G. Landers

Inside! Your Impact...p 5 How You Raised Awareness...p 9 The Bigger Picture...p 14

2-way analysis of variance

176 5 t h Fl oo r. 337 P o ly me r Ma te ri al s

Introduction to Database Systems CSE 414. Lecture 20: Design Theory

Visit to meet more individuals who benefit from your time

ALTER TABLE Employee ADD ( Mname VARCHAR2(20), Birthday DATE );

I N A C O M P L E X W O R L D

Unit 3. Digital encoding

Schema Refinement. Yanlei Diao UMass Amherst. Slides Courtesy of R. Ramakrishnan and J. Gehrke

HKAL CHEMISTRY Exam Questions Analysis P. 1

I M P O R T A N T S A F E T Y I N S T R U C T I O N S W h e n u s i n g t h i s e l e c t r o n i c d e v i c e, b a s i c p r e c a u t i o n s s h o

Executive Committee and Officers ( )

i;\-'i frz q > R>? >tr E*+ [S I z> N g> F 'x sa :r> >,9 T F >= = = I Y E H H>tr iir- g-i I * s I!,i --' - = a trx - H tnz rqx o >.F g< s Ire tr () -s

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES FOR. MATHEMATICS 133 Part 2. I. Topics from linear algebra

AN AXIOMATIC BASIS FOR PLANE GEOMETRY*

Equipping students to think biblically, live wisely and serve faithfully for over 30 years. MAY 2015 IMPORTANT DAYS IN MAY:

Chapter 30 Design and Analysis of

s(\y'+- -Y;/ o o- UN9 EHF fri "rii I lt iil# trd= llllll r-rrl a_ / r_*{fr d3= ffffi0" n6 _ n'n.tr ff== ooh cn lu 22.Jtu<. P Qfo -_L -T d ;u \, a c

o C *$ go ! b», S AT? g (i * ^ fc fa fa U - S 8 += C fl o.2h 2 fl 'fl O ' 0> fl l-h cvo *, &! 5 a o3 a; O g 02 QJ 01 fls g! r«'-fl O fl s- ccco

Using the File Geodatabase API. Lance Shipman David Sousa

A matrix over a field F is a rectangular array of elements from F. The symbol

!"# $ % & '( INRA-RP-RE /71-0-Tir.1395

Parts Manual. EPIC II Critical Care Bed REF 2031

Administering your Enterprise Geodatabase using Python. Jill Penney

COSC 430 Advanced Database Topics. Lecture 2: Relational Theory Haibo Zhang Computer Science, University of Otago

NONLINEAR SYSTEMS. Step response of a servo using an ideal relay. Stability of a nonlinear device using Liapunov s method

Graphing Square Roots - Class Work Graph the following equations by hand. State the domain and range of each using interval notation.

Linear Algebra: A Constructive Approach

Non-context-Free Languages. CS215, Lecture 5 c

Periodicity & Trends

MEDWAY SPORTS DEVELOPMENT

Geodatabase Programming with Python John Yaist

P Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Tot (60) (20) (20) (20) (60) (20) (200) You are allotted a maximum of 4 hours to complete this exam.

Hierarchical Codes: How to Make Erasure Codes Attractive for Peer to Peer Storage Systems

page 1 Total ( )

MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND BLOCK DIAGRAMS. Partial fraction expansions. Difference equation of system. second-order differential equation

COMP 633: Parallel Computing Fall 2018 Written Assignment 1: Sample Solutions

5 s. 00 S aaaog. 3s a o. gg pq ficfi^pq. So c o. H «o3 g gpq ^fi^ s 03 co -*«10 eo 5^ - 3 d s3.s. as fe«jo. Table of General Ordinances.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - Hardware and software in GIS

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education. Published


But RECAP. Why is losslessness important? An Instance of Relation NEWS. Suppose we decompose NEWS into: R1(S#, Sname) R2(City, Status)

Chapter 4. Matrices and Matrix Rings

Answers Investigation 3

Geodatabase Programming with Python

ON THE NUMBER OF POSITIVE INTEGERS LESS THAN x AND FREE OF PRIME DIVISORS GREATER THAN x e

Homework Assignment 2. Due Date: October 17th, CS425 - Database Organization Results

2013 Bored of Studies Trial Examinations. Mathematics SOLUTIONS

S Group Events G1 a 47 G2 a *2

Intro to SQL. Two components. Data Definition Language (DDL): create table, etc. Data Manipulation Language (DML):

trawhmmry ffimmf,f;wnt

Help us transform the Central Suburbs bus network Tell us what you think

The Licking County Health Department 675 Price Rd., Newark, OH (740)

Your generosity brings smiles and hope!

4$* 54% 4? P4-A % (%& $* +KF (2 CA " B Q 7" 344 S44 44T=Q P44 "44 744! N44O$" 44$* (%44& 6 44$* N44O$" 44 B Q44

(308 ) EXAMPLES. 1. FIND the quotient and remainder when. II. 1. Find a root of the equation x* = +J Find a root of the equation x 6 = ^ - 1.

Constraints: Functional Dependencies

Quiz 2. Due November 26th, CS525 - Advanced Database Organization Solutions

This document consists of 7 printed pages.

Exam 1. March 12th, CS525 - Midterm Exam Solutions


Volume 51 - Issue 14 - Monday, January 25, 2016

Student Jobs Fairs. YOUR ticket to student recruitment in Birmingham 2015 Version 1

i.ea IE !e e sv?f 'il i+x3p \r= v * 5,?: S i- co i, ==:= SOrq) Xgs'iY # oo .9 9 PE * v E=S s->'d =ar4lq 5,n =.9 '{nl a':1 t F #l *r C\ t-e

: i; ii: i:i: I. : q t:iig l3 [i E. i;issii:i::: r p. ! s:r;e;:e;!f. as Iet5;Fgi. i EiiF;:'+3EI. : :*gsc:li-ii. ; si;;ei:i:g; .

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education

10.Reliability evaluation of complex distribution systems

Electronic Companion to Optimal Policies for a Dual-Sourcing Inventory Problem with Endogenous Stochastic Lead Times

to Highbury via Massey University, Constellation Station, Smales Farm Station, Akoranga Station and Northcote

Functional Dependencies and Normalization. Instructor: Mohamed Eltabakh

( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) = + = = = ( ) Therefore: , where t. Note: If we start with the condition BM = tab, we will have BM = ( x + 2, y + 3, z 5)

Multiplication of polynomials

CSE 132B Database Systems Applications

Austere pseudo-riemannian submanifolds and s-representations

THJ Tietokannanhallintajärjestelmät Database Management Systems

Ranking accounting, banking and finance journals: A note

Lemma 8: Suppose the N by N matrix A has the following block upper triangular form:

J. A. Dias Da Silva* t

Transcription:

(! "!#) IT *+!, &'( )% -.* / *0!"# *3'!'1 2.=! =&6 0 * ' )450 *6 7 )8 ) 9; )!'

1 1 #$ "!.))/% )- #% +,()* #%&' ( 12, % 3 ), " %$ '.3 1 %$67 8 "()) 45-1 ) 6" "6!9) " -2 %, ; <7=' (6" ) )- &

( )! "#! 2 B#?6 D2 ()) (5* >?"@ A9 B )?) C -, A9 ) )1$67 EF.?L6% KHIIIJ )1$67 EF > G$, >?"@ @ ' ) ) N*.?()) C % M ) % 4?9+ )- & %63 ' #O P ) ).?,)*% ()) (5*.?% %7=' <!C /?9+ <7=' 45 > "3Q* <7=' " (S).6,()* 4 ) %&' #$ )3 $.I% "3 Q* $ " )3 $ I ()) $.% A+& 8 "3 Q* $ ER 8 (4 " )3 B. % " (ER &) # $% (!" )3 #7 % %$67 8 ).% )3 (P)!C.))/% D2 ER ) ER () ( -./ *01 &) C2 # +, (* 4 B / +, {t sx s(t[sname] = sx[sname] and sx[city] = 'c 2')}?+R %$* A+& ) A+& %$ RS' ) A+&. ( 9 %$* A+& Q T 3 Q*.)%.))/% D2 A+& ) (%$* )) A+& () 312 %&' EF ) ()) %&'.III% ()) %&' #()) $, N* )3 $ #()) %&' EF, 3 %&'.III% 3 Q* %&' 3 3 %&' # 8 () ) ) 7 $, (ERD)

3,( AIII+&)3 Q* $ #()) %&' EF, 3 Q* %&'.")% - - 3 Q* %&' # S3 8II () ) ) 7 $.")% (-./ &) + 312 (!" S# Sname City S# P# QTY P# Pname Color S1 Sn1 C1 S1 P1 10 P1 Pn1 Red S2 Sn2 C2 S1 P2 20 P2 Pn2 Blue S3 Sn3 C2 S2 P1 30 P3 S3 SP 3 (<!C) Π sname (/) ( σ (s)) city= c2 ().))/% D2 ) () (-./ ) &) +, 312 (* C2 %3X Sname Sn2 Sn3 4 B / 3 Q*.))/% D2 S3 ) S3 MS, %&' # + S %, WX?7, #$ Y X 1 B. B, S %, B X)?7 %&' ) 5 %&' $ # Z*1 # B,. 25" #B, S %" 2R 7 9 C ()@9II ) WX?7,II #9II+" %79 %$ #$ " %/%$ $ #[C ) #,)Y,III()* ( <L3 1 #/% %L3 #%&' ".),)*%,III()* ( <L3 HZ& III+, #/% C ()@9 ) B X)?7, #9+ " %79\ B S, %/%L3 %&' [C ) #,)*%, ()* ( <L3.),)*%,()* ( <L3 W)

( )! "#! 4 B] ). I)?"X ^9, %@$9F _I #I+ & #DI DI %"5 & ( #B* _ ).))/% + 8, %$ <J & ( #^9 D %IIJ & ( ^9 DII BB* ) )II% ),II()* <L3.,()* C 6R9+ )% -4 #()),I()* EF, 3,I()*.I%,I()* %&', N* ) DDL <9III) 8III () ) ) 7 %&', 3 %&' #()),II()* EF, 3 Q*,II()*.")% - 3,II()* #SQL DML <9II) 8II () ) ) 7 %&', 3 Q* %&'.")% - 3 Q*,()* SQL) (SQLDDL &) + -4 (!" (S) / 3,()* Create Table S ( S# char (5), Sname char (20), City char (15), Primary key (S#) ) (P) <!C 3,()* Create Table P ( P# char (5), Pname char (20), Color char (10), Primary key (S#) ) Create Table SP ( S# char (5), P# char (5), QTY numeric (10), (SP) 3,()*

5 Primary key (S#, P#), Foreign key (S#) References S.(S#) on delete cascade on update cascade, Foreign key (P#) Reference P.(P#) on delete cascade on update cascade, Check (QTY>1 AND QTY<1000) ).))/% D2 Select Sname From S Where City = ' C2' %3X Sname Sn2 SQLDDL ) SQLDDL () (SQL DML &) +, -4 (* C2 4 B / 3 Q* Sn3.))/% D2 SQLDML ) SQLDML () D2 ) ) # %7='?9+ )- & %63 ' &.?,)*% ()) (5*?"@ ;C) '( )*+, )R 1 94 <S7.% "()),(XP 1 %! 7! ) %5,(XP 5) % #, ) ^ a$9f "6 ) JX @J ` a$9f " ) <7=' 1, 5) ^ #, R, E ) )R.%.))/% K& B9 " GS %5 ^ ) %5 (3%)35)2 367+89-1 )) )3 ") 6, )! ) JX @J, bf2 R #%!S' %5 ), ^ ) (.")% c ()) ))%$ (a (.")% c ()) ` )) %$ `(A

( )! "#! 6 S# 8621 8442 8731 Sname Ali Reza Abbas, )R Clg# 12 12 NULL Clgname Computer Computer NULL " ) «. 12 Y (12 )» <7=' B studclg %5 %!S' studclg 3 ) (12) "F %F /.)) )3 (%!S') ()) %5N* # ( 1 ) i7 studclg 3 II ) Clg# R 8R #(S9II ") h 22 Y % 373/ %! ^j B.22 12 ) "X ) Y (12)! B,#.-<=#7 % 3"7; 3, II ", #%$ '.)) )3 NULL)R #3 B, X II ) ) )R )?"X studclg 3 ) NULL Clg# studclg.)) )3 NULL)R 12 N*.) "X NULL X 9 )?"X, <=12 #? 3 ) 3 <7=' % 6 / B? -, 1 S# 8621 8442 8731 Sname Ali Reza Abbas Stud Clg# 12 12 stud NULL (Anomaly) clg (Data Redundancy).studclg 3 "()) %5-1 -" %6K% % -2 (NULL Values) 3 ) Clg# 12. "X J&, m9 [@ studclg clg 3 Clgname Computer %4 )R -3 3 / & T <=12 (12,Computer) )% 1 (%9 ) %!S' %5 E" (n92 " 9 GC )) %3X $ a! ) %11 %5 E.))/% D2, ), MS

7 3= 367+89 (I )- 43,I(XP 8 ) IJX @IJ ` )R, %Io! 1 B >S %3X $ O./% %11 %5 3 %9III) @J )R #?% )- bx #3, JX @J %9C 3. "X 1 bx 3).))/% D2 ) %3X $ MS.))/% D2 SQLDDL ) bx MS % m ( ) %$67 8 ) <7=' 45?9+ )- K ((*) p$?9+ -1 (()) (5*) %1?9+ -2 () -1, % 7?9+ 9X )?9+ <1, /(4 q B ) ) " #K) "%3X ") q5 ] DII %II+.%,()* #%&' #$ #()) " q,)* 9 K )% a!,) "$ K) ) ()) " Br6" 1 )?9+ 1 ()) 2 ) 3 )?9+?9+ 2 ()) 3 ()) A+&?9+ 92 (6 6037 A+& (6 0313 %/)X $7 )3 400 Q) 4 6037 1314 $7 500 4 S97?9+ 92 (6 6037 A+& 6 0313 %/)X $7 R 500 %" 400 Q) 4 ", ) "()) 6" #), ) "()), + %$ ' "()) B #)) )X (x ()) ) " p$ q ) # II 5) ` %5) <7=' 1 GSI I (XP y)- a$9f " B n9i2 >< 7 $7 p$ "?9+ ).))/%,(XP B9 " G3 (%$

( )! "#! 8 7,I(XP <& 7 #(" 6" "()) n9i 7) (I (XP "()).)?"X " %$ ` %$ %5 (* #, %/)X 1 3%9?.))/ 1 ) " ()) ) bf Q) 3%9 =@ - -<=#7 % - 3"7; ()) -" ()) %6K% ()) %. III %5 ()) -" R III,] ))/ (XP R, E ) ^=' (R %$]) %, %, #)2 - #)) )3 ^=' (R %'R 6 ) %, 67 /.) %, O 7. ()) c ()) -" (* 5) <S7 <7=' ) %56" h ) «$7» %/)X #A+&?9+ ()) ) / #%$ & ) ) «6037» 92 (6 (5 #))/% ) ) ))/ q ` & O 7. ()) c ()) -" #% <@9 %/)X ) «$7» Q) h A+&?9+ ()) ) «$7» Q) %, #%$. ()) c ()) -" #))5 %, S97?9+ ()) "()) ) [69-7 ) ()) -" (* 9 p$ "?9II+II ) "X (6" %+ X %9 ) <J 12 +, 7. ),E SC,%X ) "()) %R C p$ "?9+ ) () %9) -9 ) %9z@& %S92* 1 )3 7 ),- \ %9). 12 + "()) %1 51, " ()) ) 3 $7 p$ "?9II+II ) [69-7 ) ) " 6" "()),. I C %SI DI ) "())./%6 C 4 i! ) (S1 +) ) ()) " ) b9f ()) q,)* )- ) " p$ "?9II+II ) ) h - ()) 9XI ) h /" B # I(I 9I )X %1 8 <IIIJIIIX S3 ) " 5).))/% ) ) #" ()) " )- a! $,. II 9II+ "()),II(XP.% {()) =R9 7 %! ^j B.)) C ) " aij 5, ()@9I " ) %$ p$ "?9I+I " 3

9.) % 4@! "()) %9 6" %9) #" X) q,)* 43 3, %9 L+ %9) _ )3 7 ) #p$ "?9+ ) " X) *,.%9 /, S7 7 ) #% E" ) " type phone=record namestring [20]; nointeger; var fptext; file of phone; i,n integer; begin assign (fp, 'sample.dat'); rewrite (fp); readln (n); for i=1 to n do begin readln (no,name) writeln (fp,no,name) end; reset (fp); while TRUE do begin readln (fp,no,name); write (no,name) if EOF (fp) then break; end; close (fp); end. )?".% E "()), %9 ()@9 7 aj )3 ), <J p$?9+ + > a! #% K&= T ) 6".)) C ( )! -2 )?"X, <7=' )- K q B )

( )! "#! 10 $ -1 (7 %) (% 4@ ) %) %&') DA 8 %&' -2 (}X %) %R %&') DBA 8.))/ )- ; ()1$67) )! $& ) %9) _ 3 )X (x "()) 4 ). %9) 4, "()) %9) /" "()) ) " B 8 1$ #(I)* %/, %!$C r6" 6 9 %4 ) ( a! [C ).)/% <IJ ;' ()* %/, /" # () )X ) /),(!$C 9+" "()) 6" /)" 1$ #()*.)/ <J!$C (,3!$C, S7.,()* -3 DBP 8 6"!$C "()) ) %9) ( (XP "()) ) [69- ) %1 "?9+ ) p$ "?9+ ) r %! %5(* #,,(XP <& #(" II %! B ) [69-.))/%6 )- ()) -" [S.")%6 c ) ( HZ& 4 B %j "9,%2F 3, 76- <7=' %5 %, 3 B >S ER %3X "$, \. III.)% 9@/ %11

11.5 K ) <!C /?9+ ), 3 S# Sname City S# P# QTY P# Pname Color S1 Sn1 C1 S1 P1 10 P1 Pn1 Red S2 Sn2 C2 S1 P2 20 P2 Pn2 Blue S3 Sn3 C2 S2 P1 30 P3 S3 SP 3 (<!C) (/) () $ #SP 3 ) +,] # ( 12 3, T ) O.) ) % S 3 ^3, <J ) ` #) (XP %9),E SC,%X ) "()) C %1 "?9+ ) C %S + D ) () City <7='?9+ )3 ),- \ %9 _II a! #5),II(XP II ) )X /S9II2*.)) #I% 3 & ) %, "()) S45 6" SQL Server SQL Server ) O. (x %I9I) 3 5 #I%6 ()) " CI %Y1.)/% -,- 67 B #) ac9 "()) ) %9) ( (XP "()) ) [69- $7 %1 "?9+ ) C %SII DII ) "()) %1 II+) ),II(XP <& (" (S1 B16 ) %X ) %/[, 7 ) [69- ) "()),. + #I% [, a$9f "I+) ) "()) ) G$\ ) 9S./ C 4 i! ) ) %1 [S. III) "F )3?" %1 III+ & B ).) "X C %S D ) %1 "?9+ {" I R9I+ #%1 "?9I+I ),()@9I IIX B964 "()) )- a! $,. "()) {,(XP ~1 <JX S3, {) ) {()) {" a! p$ {"?9II+II )/~ - ) 3.% {()) =R9 %! ^j B ) C {) {" ~ a$9f #) 1SI ~9S ~1 {"?9I+I " 3 " ) 5) { ) )- " ~! # 6" <IIIJ. ~ K

( )! "#! 12 S+ )X }X ) " %?),(XP <& %1 q ) 1. 8 %9) _ a! ) #)) "()) " 3, %9 L+ %9) _ )3 ) #%1 "?9+ ) 7 ) " X) *,.%9 /, S7 ) #% E ).% E" "()), %9 ()@9 aj )3 9#'4 856 )753 8234 ( 12, EF 4`, ~7=' 8 (4) ()) (3) # (2) # F (1) $"# -1 )) )3 F 9) <7=' 8 ) 6". ~3X {,(XP 6" K DE2 C4 B 89$A (!".~ {,(XP ~$J +). Y 6" K C8F 74 89$A (* {"(59) Y B >S 43, ) {" F K H2) 89$A (G.~ "Y ~S3 $% -2 )) )3 9) ) ~7=' 8 ) B.~ () "()) (5*?9+ ~4 B 8 C/F 89I7.))/~ )- (SQL ){()), ] D, 6 ), ~69+.~ ~7=' {) B 8 H0 89I7 64 (r* {. ( 12 7?9+.~ ()@9I E@z- ) 7?9I+I <1, I 7?9I+I ")~ 1, (SQL ) (SQL ) (SQL ) 3 DDL <9) 8) a! )X ()) (5* - DML <9) 8) ") h )X ()) (5* - DCL <9) 8) 9 )X ()) (5* -.~ ~$67 8 ) a$9f {" )3 > -3 {"()) K

13.<!C / ~$67 8 )!C( {" )3 O %F "()) "()) { ~$J 9!$' -4 )) )3 ^ 4` ~7=' 8 ) (DA Data Administrator) # % (!" # DA (47 (% 4@ )%) %&' 6" $ - + ~"()) ` )5?6 $& ),] {"{Z/ ~F DA.~ bf %9 "()) @z.)) (47 # (XP "()) ~ 5" NY ) (XP ~7=' ) { ~67 `~ ~+ ` 1O.B! " {45 {) <7='.),~?" II (DA)."()) ~9) _ B! ~! #") - ~"()) `.ER 8 " (DA) 43 # %!%J+ )3 $ -. A+& 8 "3 Q* $ - (Data Base Administrator DBA) DE2?7/ % (* # DBA(47 %R %&' 6" %&' - "()) <66 {,()* {,] ~11 {"~S92* ~ I ~9 %9! 3 {"9 {,I()* <7=' )- DBA @z I* % <K I+ DBA Br6".67 B94) I {?9I+I ~",I I+ (DA) "()) "{Z/ DBA %! B # I", h DA <K G9 <6K #, {", h 6" ~, { ~ "DBP r6" ~ ) I I+, {76-.{ DBA Br6".))/% 67.)) 9X ) ",()* 43 (DBA) DE2?7/ %!%J+ 8 3 ~&' -.{ S3 8 "3 Q* ~&' - (Data Base Programming DBP) DML <9) ;',9+" ~+ # DBP DE2?7/ K0%77/ (G (47,()*! - B.9II+" >S ) ~II, HZ&#W) <$67 - { <7=' SQL)

( )! "#! 14 {" ")~ C (,) ] DIII, ) DML <9III) ) ~7=' ) {"()), ()@9 { ~4 {",,~ {) "()) (5* "()).SQL ).SQL ).SQL ) (DBP)., H' DE2?7/ K0%77/!%J+ DDL <9) 8 3,()* - DML <9) 8 "3 Q*,()* - DCL <9) 8 %9 "9,()* -?9+ ) B.~ ()@9 ( 9 {",.9+"! ) ()/ )- X) ~ <7=' X) {"()) (DBP) ( 7 %) %) %&') $ DBP,II H%L7 /F ( {) 8 {) {" ;', (DBA, DA) 4 ;', 8R ~4 6 9) ~9), ] ()) (5*.) ~9) ;<= >'4?@+ ANSI.%3X ] -1 "], III %) ] -2.(}X %) %R %&') %&'.(%1) %$X) ] -3 6! ~3X ] O.III~ ] H)9 #III 6$#<7=' {6! ) #$ ".)) ~3X 4@ 6"! II II II $ #%3X ] ) %4.))/% )- #% +,()* #%&'.) C %$X) ] ),()*! %) ] ) %&'

15 G$ /, 1 ") (view) a$9f 1 2... n %3X 3 %JX ER 7 %) (%) %&') $ ) GC %F9 A B C }X %) (%R %&') %&' SQL %1,()* 3 %M #%3X ].))/% bfi2 #()) (5* %I9I) #] B ) 8R )),%2F ".)% > ] 4 > <7=' ) O.) % ()),%2F %9) (,3 O 5) "EF %9III) ;& #III+, EF ( ) %4 # K# / PF # /» /% «DE2-4 KL=» C. " ) AI+& %3X] ) B. II T)IIJ - ) «QQR/ 7 + 47 F / DE2 47.%,%2F " _ a$9f ") 5) " ] #) III III ] %3X ].)% > <7=', 3F %M %&')%&' (7 %) %) %&')$ ], ) II %) ].% (}X %) %R

( )! "#! 16 (I 3F % 3F 312) " )3 $.I% "3 Q* $ " )3 $ I ()) $.% A+& 8 "3 Q* $ ER 8 (S 3F % 3T.= 312) 312 %&' EF ) ()) %&'.III% ()) %&' #()) $, N* )3 $ #()) %&' EF, 3 %&'.III% 3 Q* %&' 3 3 %&' # 8 () ) ) 7 $, (ERD),( AIII+&)3 Q* $ #()) %&' EF, 3 Q* %&'.")% - - 3 Q* %&' # S3 8II () ) ) 7 $.")% ^ ) `) %59+ %JX (7 %) %) %&') $ #)) %59+ %JX (}X %) %R %&') %&' #)) C "! $ /.!S %&' #) AF9 % `$ ) 1 9+ #) /% $ / S) %59 X %&' #) 9 X. S) %/% %&' (3%89)3 %M #()),II()* EF, 3,II()*.II%,II()* %&', N* ) DDL <9III) 8III () ) ) 7 %&', 3 %&' %&' #()),()* EF, 3 Q*,()*.")% - 3,()* #SQL ) DML <9III) 8III () ) ) 7 %&', 3 Q*.")% - 3 Q*,()* SQL?B?A4B ) ()) ({) ) )1$67 3 ), { III?9@/ 6".?,)*~ {, {", ^ ~! )).)~ 12 (<7=' ( +) C/F 7/ C4 K/4 _ ~ {,()* ~&' #$ & J&#()) EF {) ~1 8 {) {,()* $&.~ ~4 Q) > & B.)~ - ] D ~+ {",,

17.)~ 9@/ (Procedural)~,, #] D {", I3QI* I, I4I I I (Declarative)~III ( +) DE2?7/ C4 K/4 +, ~ {", ).)~ ()@9 #)~ 9@/ {I"I,, <I7=I' II ) (Query Language) ("3 Q* O ) WF9 (3 O ))- {?9+ )),] {` ` 5 %4, ), "3Q* WF9 3)- ~55` [C ).. ~@F (6I» WF9I { (5I2) q, EF Y?9I+I ) O 1 7 3 3 9 ) ~ «18 {] 4! %-2) 4 ) "II AF9 n= 7 II AF9 >II NYII #3 Q* ) B6".), ) %$ < F2 "9 7-2 ) (6 {"9 8R,, #) ~ T=' ", ^ B«~» 6$ B #) WF9III ( %55` <L3 ~ )),] r 1 7 3 3 EF I I G %$ <IFI2 7 9I AF9 "I AF9 n= 7 I AF9 >I #3 Q* (\ 1 R$&#3{" )!,. +,] T O )., ) "9 5 ~ {", 1 R$& y]j. ~&.)~ 9@/ 64 {", #~ {", >S, N* ] DIII ~, (III 9III {), ()@9I C (x {"1 ;', { SQL O SQL Server ~, (")NI.6~ <7=' '.)) )X }X ~, #({ ){()) " _I )- "3Q* )- #3 )-R. ()/ )- { I <7=' {,I()* $& ))/~?+R, 9) SQL <9) B.))/~ - ~4 ~9 (DDL Data Definition Language) ) #!%5 D Q1 3HZ& )- SC, ~" #,9X,Hz > " 3 HZ&{ Drop Table 9) 3)- { (DML Data Manipulation Language) Create Table 9) # U D Q2

( )! "#! 18 %, #3 ) "()) (XP SC, ~" #3 9 <h > " 3, "()) HZ& 3 ) "()) %, #3, "()) Delete Update #Select #Insert (Data Control Language DCL) <9) # =F D Q3 ~4 { ~9) _ )- SC, ~" #3 > " ~9) ;&HZ& { 76- ^693./% Revoke 9) ~9) ;&)- { DSL DCL DML #DDL.)% 9@/ (QL Query Language)3 Q*, #DCL Grant 9) <9III) 76- ^693 DML #DDL <9) )) )3 {()), 9) ) ~$' x) SQL O X IW % T07 C -#K/4 (!" ]D, 64 y69&{()), #", ^ B).)~ ()@9 +.Foxpro Access T0 C -#K/4 (*.) ] D, {, {()), #", ^ B ) ;<= >'4 8@C C" ) ~"()) 3 ) (III ~&' {"9XIII 76-6 #{ ) O #)% 9@/ <7=' )~ > 6 ) ( (XP <7=', {76- (Schema) 6 #/~ 9 " ()) ^ 6 ")~ 12 3.) 6 ~ 3 ) )3 {" )! ~ (Schema)6 GC {) ()) (5* " ^ a! ()) (5* {6 III. ~ ()) (5* 6 }X, ) ()) (5*. }X K ) h9 R 2 #()) (5* {6 6 h9 (56 E",!)?* D# ), ) ~-,#/~ C ()@9 ) {), ~ #<7='?9+ ) ~5"6" ~9X1 )- { ~!3 #9II+" /) <7=' 76-.)) "()) {21) #[3 B. ) ~@9 {j 4 {! "()) ) (5* > ~69+ <7=' ~ 6 "()) {2 1)?9+ ƒ 9X ) )X ' ~ ~9) _ 3 %69+ <F2 r6" "())

19 ) DDL <9), J& <h /".))/~ ~, 8 #View)- #bxii HZ& #bxii )- #3 HZ&#3 )- r6" ()) (5* HZ&#W) r6" ()) (5* ) DML <9), J & <h /" View HZ& (5* 3 (, h [S ") )! h - ") ~III, <9) 8 ~9) _ h )-, J & <h / " )~ "()) > r " ~II9II) _II biif r6" ()) (5* ) DCL [C ).)~ {45?9+ ƒ ) ()) (5* %69+ <F2.?9+ ƒ "()) {21) #<7=' ) ) %69+ ~7=' ~69+ {()) (5* #)X (53 ) ()) {2 1) <C ~"/ I «"()) () ~"())» {& I~ ~$67 8 ()) (5*.))/~ ~! ()) ) ) ()) ~! «/))» «())» #) ~$67 8 ()) (5* ~'S ()) {2 1) {, (XP {o -,.))/~ "()) {21),(()) (5*) ()) =R9 - B DML <9) %X DDL <9) ~ 6 3?9+ ƒ.))/% h qf9) Update Select Delete Insert,- Z0 Y"F D% (3 "9 ^ 3 ) 3 %69+ <F2 ("view) ("Index) (Stored Procedure) ( 3 <'S %69+ <F2 <7=' {") %69+ <F2 <7=' {"bx %69+ <F2 (XP {" %69+ <F2 <7=' {"E %69+ <F2 {()) 3 ~, )- %69+ <F2 () "()) 4 ~9 ) ;& ~55` %69+ < F2 4 <$67 9 {"* ~69+ <F2? <5 {()) =R9III B H" B964 1$ #"()) (5* { 1 { B?4, ~1.( (XP {"()) {) {" )S 9+ ~! #

( )! "#! 20 ~ ^ ) {()) =R9 ({,(XP ) ~1 D ) ~h SC ) {) {" ^O ) )/ - "()) {,III(XP ) {h / ~!.~ # H%89 ET Q1 ~!, "()) (5*.1 {h " {) {" () i7 +) )%&' DI ) ~h a! SC ) {) {" # HT.= ET Q2 I %&' }X~)) %&' ha!~!.~, ()) (5* ({.6 ~@F ~! 4 {) {" ),(%R GC ) II `" "()) ~ ()@9II 3 {-,{ O ~@F {) ), " { "()) {,(XP ( ~ 9F 3 ` {) ) #{()) {" > a! p$ q ) ~& ). (%R %&' }X ~)) %&' %&'. II Q {) " -,. ~ ) DU,{Z* i! ) (R ' B #III~ a!.) C (%R %&' }X ~)) ( B (J)J ) {&?" =R9 ^ B #{, {"?9+ ) (12 0'$./- *+) *+,- $ () G#3 3 W) {92 3 {", _ ) "()) (5* I 1.3 - #3.<@J(, ) h #JX <@J ^ ) h )- ~", I2 ~J ) #))/ j ~6-* 9 9 4`{) ~3 / Q I "()) ~R =R9I # I 9I h {19I), ;I {). ( ˆ <h SII+ {) {" B #)~ B,?" "()) #3 HZ& 3,. ) "F ~R =R9 (5r" 3HZ& ).)) E ))/ 3 8III ~7=' 8 '. 2!*, ) { " & E (,)*)X (59) ) < < <$67

21 ) E ".)% 3 a! E GC ) ()) (5* ) %$67 " %$ B ~1\ 8 ) ~6! E ~$J <@. SQL9) ` ~9& 9 / " 67 ) )~?$+ (6" E "HZ&#"9 5, ~$IIJ H".)) 67 {), ) 8CII B9X ;!. <7=' %3X %$X)! 3 @& #";! %$X) DE2?7/ 3 + 3 $5 [\! 3 ))/ 67<7=' ) "E ~ 6{,], 9 4`.) B6o /, J 7 %! %3X! ACID }X "9 B E <9) 6 B K (Atomicity). -%^7%8< % H6@]% Q1 " 6" JXB a$9f "EF ) Z*- %! B.)II 3 S 4,1r" )II 3 9 12 /3 EF), B A+& A A+&,.~. E * R9 EO ( $X/) + _A/ (!" ) A A+&, * ( 8%+) I+ _A/ (*.~ B A+& * 6" * ^ ).~ 19+ B A+&) EF1" A A+& EF {/,, y9c?9+ A A+&, * Z.) ~ /,?9+ B16 E {3 { ) ~ /,?9+ E ),N* () B #B A A+&, * 5" O. A+&,N* /,.9+ E ~4 B A+& A A+&, E EF i.ii 3 /3 Y ) { C ' ) II B16 EF) B ~4. S- C) EF.))/[C ) B >S 4/ ) 3! 3 ) ()/, A+ &6" () ( - E,~$6!9) "?5 6 A+&, * B)! )* & B ) 67 B.) @&<7='. (2 B16 A9 o7 < ~99 X 5" #5) %O 7

( )! "#! 22 =7 ; 6II X B #))5 K ) (5II AII+& #))/ II+.))/~, 6 A+& 5) 7 48 O& * & B ) #))/~ a! <9II), {76- E #)a! 5 ~ E 5) ~ ),1r" 3 <9) 6" ~ B6o E " (Atomicity) " %$ '.)/ C "()) {19) ~5`Y1 IIIJX );R.III2 3 <9III) End Transaction Begin Transaction 9II) ) B II+% & E N*.)III% 3 a! E GC ) ()) (5* ) %$67 " @/% Q B. SQL 9) ` ) E ". % "E 8R 1$ #) R9+ " ()) (5* %3 Q* E 9 ()) (5* ) %3 Q* " @/ G B.% 3 9III), E 9 E6 ()@9III commit End Transaction SQL ).))/% 3 NYIII )III% S 9III), E 6X E6 ; {3 <J ) ))/~ ^ Begin Transaction Begin Transaction {3 E.)% 9III) 3 E a$9f "EF 6" 3 7 %! R 7 <IIIJ ) 67 ()) (5* E %h $ 9III) B 3.~ 6X Rollback E 3, SC!IIj BX ()) (5*!IIj )II% # II ()6.)% ()/ (Consistency) C`4 Q2?III+R %3X %$X)! 3 RS' ) %1 "?9III+III ) $5 %$ ' #,II()* DII ) II, (II _ BC @&.))/% DI ) I+ &' I, (I_ BC @& %$X)! 3 %3X %$X)! 3 ) %J ).)% 9@/ %3X! 3 #,()* 5) <S7. I (I C -`4 a # ) #I C?" ) " BC 9 +. ) %3X %$X) BC 7 %! #/, [S %3X %$X) BC ŠR M7 %$ 7 /" ) %3X %$X) C # )! 3 C %$X) BC.% ) ))/ /, II ) ) B # II )! 3 C %73! 3 C # )3! 3 &' I %C " I?" %3X BC.I "X %I 0 (, a! #<7=' ) ), a! #% [j +

23 )3 )3 7 %! %1 "AIII+& 4 0 (, a! #<6 20...%1 "A+& ) %@ "1 8I )X <IJ %3X %$X)! 3 9 %1 "?9I+I ) Create Table SP ( S# char (5), P# char (5), QTY numeric (10), Primary key (S#, P#), Foreign key (S#) References S.(S#) on delete cascade on update cascade, Foreign key (P#) Reference P.(P#) on delete cascade on update cascade, Check (QTY>1 AND QTY<1000) ) 5 K ), <J T Foreing key (S#) References S.(S#) on delete cascade on update casecade 9 S 3 ) S# ŠR %73! 3 ^, %$X), <J T SP SP.))/% - ) )3 3 a! 5) S1 & 3 a!,,!c ) 9 ) h /" )X ' ))/% GS #!C B SP Foreing key (P#) References P.(P#) on delete cascade on update casecade 9 P 3 ) P#! 3 B.))/ 67 SP 3 ) S#.))/%6 3 a!,,!c ) #2 ' 9 ) h /" )X ' ))/% GS #!C B ŠR %73! 3 ^, %$X)! 3 B.))/ 67, <J T Check (QTY>1 AND QTY<1000) SP SP 3 ) P#.))/%6 3 a!,,!c )

( )! "#! 24 SP 3, QTY 9I ) %")R /" )X ' ))/% GSI #!C B.))/%6 ŠR %3X! 3 B # 1000 1 (, ).)) <K C) %3X %$X)! 3 @& ) <7=' 8 ) E / B 5 Dj 6" (Consistency) {/, JX. R9 {5) /, & /, ~9&, <7=' ) - 7 <7=' %3X %$X)! 3 BC ~ 6 E " 5)! 3 ) 9Z*, %2 - /% /, JX., N* %! # 7 ()) (5* %3X %$X) BC @& %! %3X %$X).) ) E - <\ ) # C /, J "E - 9) * ^ ) B16 E ("2 - B. ~. ~ (commit) (abort) - ; * (a >R ; * (A (Isolation) -4 % +87 Q3.))/~?9+ ~/ *, E" ~ )S4 G3 "()) ~9) ) ~ 6" B` ")~ (,3 "?9+, {+.)) ~* ) " )1$67 [+ B.6 67 4 { )X K ) <h ~9) "()) 6" <J )- - III B16 ()) { (III )- 6" <h ~"8 B` ).))/ "()) ) {/, / B. 6" <J ~ a$9f ~1 "?9+ ) / C {19II) ~, ) ~9II <IIJ a$9f B S ()) A$ m9 )- <=12,,[ 6 )- ~ ()) (5*?9+. 7?9+ Q) ) 6" {" ) ~ & > G #))/ A+&, 3 )C 6", 4 ) G B A i -, # III)?"X, {" B. ) ` ƒ ;', 6037 {C ~ 6" (* ^C [S #)/~ <J (n92 7) n92 ),3 ) {)3 $S E ) " II <IIJ B.")~ c E ) " { B A` ƒ S 3 (X % " 500 R A+ & E 1 GII+& ~ II+ AII+&, " 50 100 S G ).))/~ (XP " 450 400 A+ &( $S ") - ~, BX

25 43 " 350 $S ~& ). ( (XP ~9 ) <7=' <J ) "!~ (XP A+&( $S -R X *01 X I7 3`7I7-6037 0313 Ali Alavi 500 Read (A) A 500 R=500-100 R 400 Write (R) 400 X ) ~9I) B Read (B) B 500 R=500-50 R 450 Write (R) 450 I (I (XP " 8I ~9I) )R ~7?9+ ~$ m9 B`)-, {/$3{. GB 6" ) <$67.{Z/@C q. 9) 6" {" )1$67 <K ` {"?9I+I O ) I 9I) )36" {"E?" { AF ) " / )II 9 "E {6" I B16 <7=' ) IIJX ;S' ({ ` 51 {6" {"E 5) 9.)~ - # 3 6" ' E ` /.9+" 51, 3 "E 5) ~@! ) { #5) ~S7.II 6 ~ ~@F 51, " {"{,II5" III 9Z*, N* B {"{,III 54 ~ A E E ) B.S AI 9Z*,N* A {"{,I 54 ~ (concurrency {"E AF {6" 9 & #B A {- B E (commit).s 51 {"{,54 #~6 6" ', {/$3 "E ) {, 3, {()) E ~ 5" q B). 6 "E R,~II2F 8II?" 9.)~ - control) 7$89456 3$ J X67 {"q,~1 I {Z/@C q #51 { 6" & B) ")~ )@C {IIjR.II 9II) {"q #{Z/@C?I+1 ) "@C ^, ()@9I [C). ()@9I,~6 "@C )3.),~ Z*1 #5) ") ) ~9 {"()) "$ ~9) <J (n92 7) n92 ) #E ` 6" {3 ) )~ GS

( )! "#! 26 ")~ E <$67 7I B.)5 C ()@9I ) E ) 8I 6", 69& ~. II E 9X) 8R{II <IIJ ~9II ()),.~ ), R9 >{C ) +B, <J +B ^C 8 B6 (7C Q R9 I1 ) { I2 K9 {45 I3 ~2X` K9 I4 ~ (commit) (Durabiltiy) -`7 % Hc% Q4 - $& ~"E J XB Q E )II ~II+& ~h$s /O.~6 B,~)II ' /" {92 # S! ) )& ^C <J ) ~9&) =7 5) {3) (commit) (commit)9 - ' ; -=7, SC 67O #) o9 S / #()) (5* ) E < ~!.S92* +) %$J +) O # ( S %$IJ FI+ 3 m9 % 3 commit commit 9I) E % 5".I 9) E %, @/ % B.)% R9 +) ) ()) (5* B6o E ) ) / %/x # (2 SO _=J ()1 3.)% B6o E m9 / 9) 3, N*. + ( )/, &, {& 8II ~* ~5`Y1 IIJX ).))/% 9 (Recovery management) <=>+?! 7@7$;- C& ) II ~69II+II {3 {1* #<7=' {6!,K Y # 7?9II+II #() <7='?9II+II #<7=' ~ X)) )3 (, #~4 ) {)! ~S3 {"(59) # FIII r6" ~$ 7 {6! ^.~ L ~4!C "())?-& #"E " {", # ~h3!c #<7='.)) ~59+ 4 B <'S "()) ~1 )) )3 ~1 "?9+ { {6! ^ ) ~$' 69 {6! I1

27 69 {6! I2 (") N I{92 {6! I [, {6! I '- 7$;- {Y?9+ >S {Y?9+ { ()) (5* {6! B )?9+ B F. ) <1 ` {") {.)~ )- 5) (~F B@$ `9) ). ] ~F Y &) ~ '- 7$;- @A B 7C- 7$;- 6+C- ") - B?9+ # q,)*, ~96+C ) {6! " (") N I {92 {6! #"F 5) B?9+ #, q,)*,{5).)~ ( (47 4 - {() ~?+R () ) ") -?9+ ~@z [C ) ) {6! GB.)I~ - {9I2 8I {() I (") N I ) BI {6! B ) #a! B.~ 4I+ [, 1I2?) ~I B B.~ L 5) (?9+ ) B ~+ (?9+ ^9 ~ L (")N ~ X./~ (") N (?9+ ) B < X# 9 < X#91 +* < X#< X# `< XO # 6. ~ GII ~ (")NI I # X ^ 9I I+ <7=' (")N III {92 {6!,K B # (")N ` (")N. (?+R ~R ' " + ) {6!, ^ (")N {92 )! K, (")N I {92 {6! ^ (")N I{92 ` I1 (")N `I {92 I2 (")N ri{92 ` I3?(J3? 4*# *I' B H* G?*5D?@+ F"' Y B6" { "()) (5* @A,* 7$;- Y (")N B #_' B )

( )! "#! 28.~ ()@9 < X, 1S ;',#{92 {)! )~ )-,{92 D EF,* 7$;- 7 5) {)! (")N 7 ~F Y {)! #_' B ).9+" 8S?4 1S ;' F GH) 7$;- ~'S 1S ) ~ - {"B 4@ B~!, q,)* _=J B` { ~ )@ ()) q,)* )1$67 {/.III III9 51 Y `{ "()) (5* #( [, {"(5*?9+ ).) (* 1S B K ~'S a$9f {" ;',( [,?9+ ) "Y.) ~ (XP.9+" 8S 51 B@$ >X ] 7 {"1S a$9f {"Y { (III (XP {"()) (5* {)! {6! B ) @/ ~.9+" {& ()) (5* # K,?)