Daily Skill Builders: General Science Grades 5 8 By Wendi Silvano COPYRIGHT 2008 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-831-4 Printing No. 404103-EB Visit us at www.carsondellosa.com Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers Distributed by Carson-Dellosa Publishing Company, Inc. The purchase of this book entitles the buyer to reproduce the student pages for classroom use only. Other permissions may be obtained by writing Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction to the Teacher...iv NSES Standards Matrix for Grades 5 8... 1 Activity # Skill 1. Which Scientist Is Which?... 2 2. Branches of Science... 2 3.... 3 4. SI Units... 3 5. Scientific Units of Measurement... 4 Physical Science 6. Density... 4 7. Matter... 5 8. Structure of Atoms... 5 9. States of Matter... 6 10. States of Matter/Test Practice... 6 11. The Fourth State of Matter... 7 12. Physical Properties of Matter... 7 13. Chemical Properties of Matter... 8 14. Elements... 8 15. Periodic Table of Elements... 9 16. Classification of Elements... 9 17. Fascinating Element Facts... 10 18. Compounds and Mixtures... 10 19. Using Density to Identify Compounds... 11 20. Physical vs. Chemical Changes... 11 21. Solutions... 12 22. Solubility... 12 23. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization... 13 24. ph... 13 25. Chemical Formulas... 14 26. Boyle s Law... 14 27. Behavior of Liquids and Gases... 15 28. Sink or Float?... 15 29. Energy... 16 30. Temperature... 16 31. Energy Terms... 17 32. Types of Energy... 17 33. Conductors and Insulators... 18 34. Chemical Energy... 18 35. Motion Speed and Acceleration/ Test Practice... 19 36. Distance, Speed, and Time... 19 37. Gravity and Inertia... 20 38. Mass and Weight... 20 39. Metric Conversion... 21 40. Newton s First, Second, and Third Laws/Test Practice... 21 41. Friction... 22 42. Forces and Motion... 22 43. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces... 23 44. Momentum... 23 45. Work and Power... 24 46. Simple Machines... 24 47. Simple Machines... 25 48. Waves... 25 49. Wave Properties... 26 50. Transverse and Compressional Waves... 26 51. Electromagnetic Spectrum... 27 52. Types of Waves... 27 53. Wave Behavior... 28 54. Waves Review/Test Practice... 28 55. Light... 29 56. Light and Color... 29 57. The Law of Reflection... 30 58. Diffuse vs. Regular Reflection... 30 59. Plane, Concave, and Convex Mirrors... 31 60. Refraction... 31 61. The Three Major Subatomic Particles... 32 62. Electric Charge... 32 63. Insulators and Conductors of Electricity... 33 64. Induced Charges... 33 65. Electric Current and Batteries... 34 66. Amperes, Volts, and Watts... 34 67. Resistance... 35 68. Ohm s Law... 35 69. Circuits... 36 70. Electric Power... 36 71. Magnetism... 37 72. Induced Magnetism... 37 73. Electricity and Magnetism... 38 74. Electricity and Magnetism Review/ Test Practice... 38 Earth and Space Sciences 75. Four Characteristics of Minerals... 39 76. Minerals... 39 77. Mineral Formation... 40 78. Physical Properties of Minerals... 40 79. Mohs Hardness Scale... 41 80. Silicates... 41 81. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks... 42 82. Detrital Rock Processes... 42 83. Weathering... 43 84. Soil... 43 85. Gravitational Erosion... 44 86. Glacial Erosion... 44 87. Wind Erosion... 45 ii
Table of Contents Daily Skill Builders: General Science Grades 5 8 Table of Contents (cont.) 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. Water Erosion... 45 Groundwater and the Water Table... 46 Geysers, Caves, and Sinkholes... 46 Energy Resources... 47 Earth s Materials and Resources Review/Test Practice... 47 Composition of Oceans... 48 Ocean Waves and Tides... 48 Sea Floor... 49 Earthquake Forces... 49 Earthquakes... 50 Measuring Earthquakes... 50 Pangaea and Continental Drift... 51 Sea Floor Spreading... 51 Plate Tectonics... 52 Plate Boundaries... 52 Ring of Fire... 53 Parts of a Volcano... 53 Volcanoes... 54 Igneous Rock Features... 54 The Atmosphere... 55 Composition of the Atmosphere... 55 Air Pressure... 56 Energy in the Atmosphere... 56 Heat Transfer... 57 Winds... 57 The Coriolis Effect... 58 Global Winds... 58 Water in the Atmosphere... 59 Cloud Formation... 59 Types of Clouds... 60 Precipitation... 60 Air Masses... 61 Fronts... 61 Storms... 62 Lightning... 62 Tornadoes... 63 Hurricanes... 63 Predicting the Weather... 64 Weather Maps... 64 Climate... 65 Climate Regions and Types... 65 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming... 66 Climatic Change... 66 The Earth and the Moon... 67 Phases of the Moon... 67 Eclipses... 68 The Solar System/Test Practice... 68 Other Solar System Objects... 69 136. Stars... 69 137. The Sun... 70 138. Galaxies... 70 Life Sciences 139. Animal and Plant Cells... 71 140. Cell Processes... 71 141. Energy in Cells... 72 142. Viruses... 72 143. Binomial Nomenclature... 73 144. Classification Groups... 73 145. The Kingdoms... 74 146. Bacteria... 74 147. Protists... 75 148. Fungi... 75 149. Seedless Plants... 76 150. Seed Plants... 76 151. Animal or Not?... 77 152. Vertebrates and Invertebrates... 77 153. Flatworms, Roundworms, Sponges, and Cnidarians... 78 154. Mollusks... 78 155. Annelids... 79 156. Arthropods... 79 157. Insects... 80 158. Arachnids... 80 159. Crustaceans and Echinoderms... 81 160. Vertebrates... 81 161. Animal Adaptations/Bird Beaks and Feet... 82 162. Invertebrates and Vertebrates Review/Test Practice... 82 Periodic Table of Elements... 83 Answer Key... 84 iii
ACTIVITY 1 Which Scientist Is Which? Match the scientist with what he/she studies. 1. paleontologist a. metals 2. entomologist b. human behavior 3. astronomer c. insects 4. metallurgist d. energy and force 5. agronomist e. water 6. hydrologist f. plants 7. archaeologist g. animals 8. psychologist h. prehistoric forms of life 9. chemist i. rocks 10. physicist j. structure and matter 11. botanist k. soil and crop raising 12. zoologist l. weather 13. geneticist m. stars and planets 14. geologist n. human DNA 15. meteorologist o. past cultures ACTIVITY 2 Branches of Science Write the branch of science each of the fields below would belong to: Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, Life Science, Mathematics, Social Science. 1. Zoology 11. Statistics 2. Astronomy 12. Biology 3. Physics 13. Geology 4. Anatomy 14. Psychology 5. Anthropology 15. Seismology 6. Geometry 16. Entomology 7. Botany 17. Archaeology 8. Mineralogy 18. Logic 9. Meteorology 19. Genetics 10. Chemistry 20. Ornithology 2
ACTIVITY 3 Write T for true or F for false for each statement. 1. A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested. 2. Theories attempt to explain why a particular thing happens. 3. Scientific laws explain why something happens. 4. An independent variable is the factor that is changed in an experiment. 5. A dependent variable is a factor that stays the same in an experiment. 6. A constant is the factor being measured in an experiment. 7. A control is a standard used to make comparisons. 8. An inference is a conclusion that is based on observations. ACTIVITY 4 SI Units The International System of Units (SI Units) was developed to provide a uniform standard for physical measurements that could be used worldwide. Next to each quantity, list the unit with which it is measured and its symbol. (The choices are in the box). K second cubic meter m meter kilogram s Kelvin kg m 3 Quantity Unit Symbol Mass Volume Time Temperature Length 3
/Physical Science ACTIVITY 5 Scientific Units of Measurement Use the words from the box to fill in the blanks and make the information correct. 1. The amount of matter in an object is called the of the object. 2. The mass of an object will be the on Earth or the moon. 3. A measurement of, on the other hand, depends on the force of on it. 4. is the measurement used to determine how hot or cold something is. Such measurements are made on the /Physical Science gravity boils weight absolute time mass temperature same Kelvin This scale starts at zero. At 373 K, water. scale. 5. An interval between two events is measured with the SI Unit of. ACTIVITY 6 Density The measurement of density refers to how the mass of an object (how many atoms are in it) compares to the amount of space that it occupies (the volume). Answer these questions about these squares of equal mass. 1. Which of the squares has the highest density? 2. Which of the squares has the lowest density? 3. How does the mass compare in all three squares? 4. How does the volume compare between the squares? 5. Which do you think has a higher density, a block of wood or a block of iron? 4