CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Method of the Research I this research the writer used the experimetal method. The experimetal research was aimed to kow if there were effect or ot for the populatio or subject of the research (Arikuto, 1990:7). There were two groups; the first group was called experimetal class, which was give treatmet by usig Comic strips as media i teachig past tese ad the other oe was called cotrol class, which was ot give by that media. The writer used the quasi experimetal desig sice there were two classes give differet treatmet. The desig of research is as follows: E : Q1 x Q C : Q3 x Q4 E : Experimetal group C : Cotrol group X : Treatmet Q1 : Pre-test experimetal group
Q : Post-test experimetal group Q3 : Pre-test cotrol group Q4 : post-test cotrol group (Arikuto, 1998: 79)
B. Place ad Time of Research The research was carried out i MTs Muhammadiyah Kalibeig. It focused o the secod year studets as experimetal class ad cotrol class. The experimetal class was the 8 A class cosists of 30 studets ad the cotrol class was the 8 B class cosists of 30 studets. They were give pre-test to fid out the studets ability before the experimet. The post-test was give after the experimet. Schedule of research is as follow : Time of Research Num Activities Moths of 016 Sept Oct Nov Dec Ja 1 Makig Proposal Joi Couselig 3 Collectig Data 4 Aalyzig 5 Makig Report C. Subject of Research 1. Populatio Populatio is the whole of the research (Arikuto, 1997:115). The writer chose populatio i the secod year studets of MTs Muhammadiyah Kalibeig, Bajaregara i academic year 016.. Sample
Accordig to Arikuto (1998: 7) sample is a part of populatio. If the umber of the subject of the research more tha a hudred, the sample take 10-15% or 0-5% or more of the populatio. The writer took cluster samplig as a method i samplig. The writer used 8 A ad 8 B class. D. Method of Collectig Data The writer used test as istrumet for collectig data. Test is a sequece of questios exercise or other tools which were used to measure skills, kowledge, itelliget or talet of idividual or group (Arikuto, 1993:173). I this study the writer used two kids of test. They were pre-test ad post-test. 1. Pre-Test Pre-test was give to measure the begiig coditio of every group experimetal ad cotrol. This test was give before the classes were give treatmet. There were two forms of test, they were multiple choice ad essay tests.. Post-Test It was used to measure the effect of certai treatmet. I this case was teachig past tese usig comic strips. The istrumets of test were multiple choice ad essay test. The reaso why the writer chose this type of test is because the multiple choice test could be corrected objectively i correctig. It is easier ad ca be corrected fast because it used key aswer of the test (Arikuto, 1993:164).
E. Method of Aalyzig Data After the data was collected by givig pre-test ad post-test to the cotrol group ad experimetal group, the data was aalyzed by the statistical test as below : 1. Studets Idividual Achievemet follow: To kow the result of idividual achievemet, the writer used formula as F P = X100% N P = percetage F = frequecy N = the maximum score. Classical Achievemet To measure the classical achievemet of the studets mastery of past tese both cotrol ad experimetal group, the writer used the followig formula : - Experimetal group M = x
M = mea of experimet group x = the sum of score post-test of experimet group = the total umber of respodets - Cotrol group M = y M = mea of cotrol group y = the sum of score post-test of cotrol group = the total umber of respodets From classical achievemet, we foud the level of studet s competece i past tese. I term of percetage achievemet, Arikuto (1998:57) suggest five categories of the studets. There were : 81% to 100% = Very good 61% to 80% = Good 41% to 65% = Fair 1% to 40% = Bad 0% to 0% = Very bad
By cosultig to the criteria above, the writer kew the criteria of classical competece. 3. Hypothesis Testig To kow the result from the treatmet, the writer used t-test formula. The writer used t-formula ad was carried out some steps: a. The writer made a table as follow : Number of Experimet Class Cotrol Class Respodets X1 X X X Y1 Y Y Y Sum X1 = Pre-test of experimet class Y1 = Pre-test of cotrol class X = Post-test of experimet class Y = Post-test of cotrol class X = Y = Residual (X X1) b. The writer calculated meas of deviatio of each class
1) To fid out the mea of deviatio of cotrol class ( My ) - The pre-test score decreases the post-test score of each studet - The, the writer couted the total of deviatio (residual) ( y ) - Fially, the writer couted the total of the studets i cotrol class is divided ito the umber of studets i that class My = y My = mea of cotrol class y = total deviatio = umber of studet of cotrol class ) To fid out the mea of deviatio of experimet class ( Mx ) 1. The pre-test score decreases the post-test score of each studet. The, the writer couted the total of deviatio (residual) ( x ) 3. Fially, the writer couted the total of the studets i experimet class that was divided ito the umber of studets i that class. Mx = x Mx = mea of deviatio of experimetal class x = total of deviatio = umber of studets of experimetal class
c. The sum of squared deviatio of each class must be calculated - The sum of squared deviatio x x x x = square deviatio of experimet class x = total deviatio of experimet class = umber of studets of experimet class y y y y = square deviatio of cotrol class y = total deviatio of cotrol class = umber of studets of cotrol class d. The writer applied all of them ito t-test formula ` To fid out whether there are ay effectiveess of comic strips as the media i teachig past tese, the writer compared the meas of cotrol group ad experimetal group usig t-test formula as follow :
t test x Mx My y Nx Ny 1 Nx 1 Ny Mx = mea of studets gai i experimetal group My = mea of studets gai i cotrol group x = the total square of experimetal group y = the total square of cotrol group Nx = the total umber of experimetal group Ny = the total group of cotrol group e. The last, the writer calculated degree of freedom (d.f.) by usig formula: d.f = (Nx + Ny) d.f = degree of freedom Nx = the total umber of experimetal group Ny = the total group of cotrol group
After usig the t-couted, the the writer compared it to t-table of a certai sigificat level. If the t-couted was higher tha t-table, it meas that there was positive effect of comic strips as a media i teachig past tese. So, the writer hypothesis was accepted. O the other had, if the t-couted was lower tha t-table, the writer hypothesis was ot accepted.