RADIATION MONITORING NETWORKS and some results from the reactor accident in Fukushima Sixth Annual Workshop on Radiation Measurement Cross Calibration Project June 13-15, 2011 Middle East Scientific Institute for Security (MESIS) presented by Roman Krais, Clemens Schlosser German Federal Office for Radiation Protection Section Atmospheric Radioactivity and Trace Analysis Rosastrasse 9, 79098 Freiburg, Germany e-mail: cschlosser@bfs.de, rkrais@bfs.de
German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) Authority of the Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Responsibility for man and environment http://www.bfs.de/en/bfs founded: 1989 employees: ca. 700 annual budget: 305 million (2009) - Central Administration - Nuclear Safety - Safety and Nuclear Waste Management - Radiation Protection and Environment - Emergency Preparedness - Atmospheric Radioactivity and Trace Analysis - Radiation Protection and Health
Content Radiation Networks - Integrated Measurement and Information System - Gamma dose rate network - International Monitoring System (CTBTO) BfS facilities - Station on mount Schauinsland - Laboratories in Freiburg Fukushima: some results
Sources of Man made Radioactivity since 1942 Chernobyl 1986 nuclear fuel reprocessing and isotope production Fukushima 2011 since 1945 monitoring of nuclear facilities monitoring of environment emergency preparedness
Nuclear Power Plants in Europe
Integrated Measurement and Information System (IMIS) Level 1 Decisions on countermeasures, Information of the public Ministry Level 2 Data compilation and evaluation Preparation of maps, tables and documents IMIS Evaluation Level 3 Decision support models to estimate the environmental contamination and the dose to man decision supporting model Measurements (IMIS: Nation-wide monitor system for surveillance radiological situation and for emergency prepardness) Monitor. Network (on-line) Early Warning Systems Laboratories (off-line)
Integrated Measurement and Information System (IMIS) (exercise data) before release of radioactivity (simulations): decision support model thyroid blockade? sheltering? evacuation? > 50/250mSv in 7 days? (thyroid dose) > 10mSv in 7 days? (German intervention levels) > 100mSv in 7 days?
Integrated Measurement and Information System (IMIS) after release of radioactivity (measurements + simulations) decision support model (exercise data) agricultural measures? Important: European (international) data and info exchange 131 I in leafy vegetables intervention level: 2 kbq/kg
Integrated Measurement and Information System (IMIS) Monitoring Networks automatic on-line federal institutions Laboratories off-line state facilities (16 states!) ambient gamma dose rate air rivers sea food, drinking water, milk, feedstuff, surface water,...
Ambient Dose Rate Network - Early Warning System ca. 1800 stations automatic alert function 24/7 operators by call dose rate range: 10 nsv/h 5 Sv/h all data are public! on-line available: http://odlinfo.bfs.de
Ambient Dose Rate Network - Early Warning System in-house development (hard- and software) open source!! (hard- and software) public on-line test station: http://80.153.15.213/index_en.html
EURDEP Network access to data for all contributors 6th RMCC WS, Amman, 13-15 June 2011
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO) International Monitoring System (IMS) 321 Stations + 16 Labs (RL) 4 Techniques: - Seismology (50+120) - Infrasound (60) - Hydroacoustic (11) - Radionuclides (80) source: CTBTO interactive map on: http://www.ctbto.org/map/
CTBT Tasks of the BfS Operation of the Radionuclide Station (RN 33), Schauinsland Evaluation and interpretation of the data from the IMS Adviser of the Foreign Ministry for radionuclide issues Support of the CTBTO (scientific and technical D&R) On Site Inspection (Inspectors and Equipment, experts, adviser) Station Schauinsland (RN 33) Particulate System RASA Xenon System SPALAX OSI: Support with Equipment
Station on Mount Schauinsland ( look into the land ) 1205 m / 3953 feet above see level
Equipment at Station Schauinsland
Equipment at Station Schauinsland Chernobyl 1 Bq/m³ Time 1 hour 1 day 1 week 1 month ABI (alpha, beta, Iodine) P3 (alpha, beta) Emergency Sensitivity 1 mbq/m³ Fukushima 1 µbq/m³ -on-line-monitor SPALAX (noble gas) Trace Analysis RASA (particulates) High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) Gamma Spectrometry (off-line) (particulates) HVAS: Sr-90/α spectrometry
Dose Rate Intercalibration Site at Schauinsland gamma dose rate probes from different countries. absolute values of probes can differ!
Laboratories in Freiburg noble gas laboratory particulate laboratory
Fukushima Accident
Local Gamma Dose Rate in Fukushima Source: TEPCO
Atmospheric Transport Modelling (CTBTO) 6th RMCC WS, Amman, 13-15 June 2011
CTBTO Particulate and Noble Gas Data
CTBTO Radionuclide Stations
German Trace Analysis Stations 131 Iodine
133 Xe at Schauinsland Station 100 Bq/m³ Chernobyl weekly samples 1 Bq/m³ Fukushima 1 mbq/m³ 1980 1990 2000 2010
Xenon daily samples
Conclusions As a consequence of Chernobyl, Germany operates the IMIS for radiological monitoring of the environment. As reliable system it could be used as example for other countries. Monitoring programmes for routine and emergency conditions should be well defined and adopted to national needs. Data should be collected in a central data base and be available for all decision makers. Data should be available for the public. Regular and fast data exchange on a national and international level should be established. Measures for quality assurance should be applied to allow comparison of data from different institutions/countries. Monitoring systems on a local, regional and global scale are very important for handling emergency cases. A complete set of data allows an assessment of the radiological situation on a large scale and the early decision about possible measures.
German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS) Rosastrasse 9, 79098 Freiburg, Germany Head Office: POB 10 01 49, 38201 Salzgitter, Germany Point of contact for the RMCC project from BfS site Clemens Schlosser: cschlosser@bfs.de with numerous contributions from: Clemens Schlosser, Jacqueline Bieringer, Sabine Schmid (trace analysis group) Erich Wirth (IMIS, emergency management) Matthias Zähringer, Bernhard Prommer, Walter Harms (gamma dose rate stations) Peter Bieringer, Kathrin Probst (databases) Jürgen Thoma (electronics)