Cadastral Standards & Interoperability Some Considerations Black Hills Digital Mapping Association September 18, 2007 Jeanne Foust ESRI Spatial Data Infrastructure Global Manager jfoust@esri.com
Why is this area of GIS receiving so much attention? Interoperability is essential for sharing Land Records and other GIS data Technology advances are enabling interoperability Networked infrastructure Spatial Extract Transform & Load Metadata tools Standards are emerging that support interoperability SOA GIS
What we will talk about Thinking about the Interoperability Components and Functional Areas of GIS Standardization The Role of ISO TC211 & OGC Standards W3C and OASIS Standards The Role of the FGDC in setting standards in the United States What s s the FGDC Cadastre Standard? Law or guidance? Agreeing on State-wide standards for South Dakota.
What is Interoperability? "capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units Source: OGC Abstract Specification Topic 12: Services. Derived from ISO 2382-1. the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged Source: IEEE Be able to: find what you need; access it; understand and employ it; have goods and services responsive to the needs of consumers ISO TC211
GIS has always required Interoperability Geographic analysis Multiple sources, multiple organizations Distributed within a community Merging diverse information types Enterprise GIS GIS evolving beyond isolated communities GIS merging with broader IT infrastructures GIS Web Services Enabled by distributed networks Loosely coupled Roads Cadastre Land Use/Land Cover Imagery Topography Control Geography is a Key an integrating technology
Interoperability Enablers Metadata tools Standards Authorization Business Agreements/MOUs Copyright Pricing/commerce/ Business Model Datum/Projection support Compatible Technology Security Privacy Information Assurance Certification Quality
Components of Interoperability: Standards & Best Practices Technical Technical (machine to machine, software module interaction, API, format ) Semantic Semantic (understanding concepts, terms, inter-disciplinary special vocabularies ) Human (cooperation, training ) Legal /Policy (digital rights, ownership, responsibility, )
Technical Interoperability Standards ISO 19139 Metadata XML Schema OGC WMS OGC GML
Organizations in which establish Technical Interoperability Standards example: ISO 19128, 19139 example: WMS, WFS, GML example: Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI)
Semantic Interoperability Standards ISO 19115 Metadata Title = name by which the resource is known Standards which define terms, concepts, and information schemas OASIS Common Alerting Protocol-CAP msgtype = the code denoting the nature of the alert message. <element name = "msgtype"> <simpletype name = "msgtype" > <restriction base = "string"> <enumeration value = "Alert"/> <enumeration value = "Update"/> <enumeration value = "Cancel"/> <enumeration value = "Ack"/> <enumeration value = "Error"/> </restriction> </simpletype> </element> FGDC Framework data content
Solving the semantic interoperability challenge: Solving the semantic interoperability challenge: Basic Geographic Structures & Content Description
Organizations which work Semantic Interoperability standards example: many of the ISO 19100 suite of standards example: SDTS, SDSFIE, FGDC Framework Themes example: CAP Emergency Data exchange Language example: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
PROCESS EXAMPLE or How a Bill becomes a Law (GML Progress from OGC to an ISO 19136 standard) OGC GML RWG Working Draft (WD) 3.0.0 Joint Working Team (OGC + ISO/TC 211 PT) Committee Draft (CD) 3.1.0 ISO Editing Committee Draft International Standard (DIS) 3.2.0 Final DIS (FDIS) (3.2.x) 2006-10 International Standard (3.2.x) 2007-04
OGC Support at 9.2 ArcIMS Server Framework and ArcGIS Desktop and web clients Clients Supported Protocols ArcGIS Desktop WMS,WFS, WCS,CS-W ArcIMS Server 9.2 AXL Services -Image -Feature -Metadata OGC Services WMS 1.0, 1.1, 1.1.1 + SLD Support, 1.3 WFS 1.1 SF-GML CAT 1.0, CS-W W 2.0 ArcIMS AXL Services - Image, Feature ArcGIS Desktop + Data Interop Extension WFS Metadata Explorer CS-W, OAI-PMH, Z39.50 Portal Toolkit WMS,WFS,WCS,CS-W WebADF Tools - WMS Geospatial Portal Toolkit ArcGlobe, ArcGIS Explorer -WMS How Law gets engineered into software Browser and 3 rd party Tools
OGC Support at 9.3 ArcGIS Server Framework and ArcGIS Desktop and web clients Supported Protocols Clients Supporting OGC Protocols WMS 1.0, 1.1, 1.1.1, 1.3 + SLD Support ArcGIS Desktop WMS,WFS, WCS,CS-W ArcGIS Server 9.3 Services -Map -Image -Geodata -Metadata -Globe -Network -.. OGC Services WFS 1.1 SF-GML WFS 1.1 GDB-GML GML CS-W W 2.0 WCS 1.0, 1.1 ArcGIS Services ArcGIS Dektop + Data Interop Extension WFS Metadata Explorer CS-W, OAI-PMH, Z39.50 Portal Toolkit WMS,WFS,WCS, CS-W Geospatial Portal Toolkit SOAP Services WebADF Tools - WMS ArcGlobe, ArcGIS Explorer -WMS Javascript API and REST Browser and 3 rd party Tools
Interoperability throughout Data and Services Life Cycle WebADF, ArcGIS Explorer, PTK Map Viewer W*S ArcMap Support SF,WMS, WFS, GML Metadata Explorer Z39.50, CSW Metadata Server Catalog Service 1. Create Content 2. Document (Metadata) 3. Catalog 4. Publish 5. Discover 6. Use/Access ArcMap & ArcCatalog ISO 19107, 19111, 19125 Internet (WMS, WFS, WCS) ArcCatalog (Z39.50, CSW 2.0) SF - Binary, SF SQL Types & Functions ArcGIS Server ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2 ISO 19139
ISO TC211 Standards Informing ESRI Development functional areas ISO 19101:2002 - Reference model ISO 19105:2000 - Conformance and testing ISO 19106:2004 - Profiles ISO 19107:2003 - Spatial schema ISO 19108:2002 - Temporal schema ISO 19111:2003 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19112:2003 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers ISO 19123:2005 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO 19109:2005 - Rules for application schema ISO 19110:2005 - Feature cataloguing methodology ISO 19113:2002 - Quality principles ISO 19114:2003 - Quality evaluation procedures ISO 19115:2003 - Metadata ISO 19116:2004 - Positioning Services ISO 19125:2004 - Simple feature access Part 1-21 ISO 19117:2005 - Portrayal ISO 19118:2005 - Encoding ISO 19119:2005 - Services ISO 19128:2005 - Web Map server interface ISO 19139:2006 Metadata XML Schema ISO 19133:2005 - Location based services tracking and navigation ISO 19135:2005 - Procedures for registration of items of geographic information Web Services Basic Geographic Structures Content Description Data Management Visualization Data Formats
Adopted OGC Specifications Functional Areas Implemented by ESRI Grid Coverages (GC) Geography Markup Language (GML) Location Services (OpenLS) Filter Encoding (Filter) Catalog Interface (CAT) Coordinate Transformation Services (CT) OGC Web Services Common Specification Web Coverage Service (WCS) Web Feature Service (WFS) Web Map Context Documents (WMC) Web Map Service (WMS) Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) Simple Features CORBA (SFC) Simple Features SQL (SFS) Simple Features OLE/COM (SFO) GO-1 1 Application Objects (AOS) Basic Geographic Structures & Data Formats Web Services Visualization Data Management
Web Service Standards in in GIS Interoperability via W3C, OASIS Standards Provides a Framework for Integrating GIS and Enterprise Systems Web Services & Messaging Roads Utilities UDDI CAD Environmental SOAP Business Applications ERP WSDL
The Role of FGDC in Setting Standards in the United States: Technical, Semantic, Human, Policy/Legal. Metadata Standards Data Content Standards GIS Web Service Standards National Coordination
Metadata Leading the way to semantic interoperability Data about data Geographic area covered Currency Rules of use Positional accuracy Data dictionary Means of encoding Datum Map projection A Key interoperability technology: International Metadata Standards FGDC CSDGM ISO 19115, 19119 Metadata ISO 19139 Metadata XML Schema Implementation Producers explain their product Users learn about a products Non standard products can be understood
Regional, national, & organizational profiles Communities with a common need for metadata ISO19115:2003 Geographic Information - Metadata State Profile ANZLIC Profile NATO Profile EO Profile Navigation Profile European Profile North American Profile Perfil Latinoamericano de Metadata Profiles Enable Interoperability Between Communities
The US FGDC Cadastral Framework Standards: How are the Cadastral Framework Standards organized? FGDC Cadastre Subcommittee s s work: The data considered "Core" are divided into two categories - "Core Geometry" and "Core Attributes." Core Geometry is comprised of fields considered necessary to uniquely define and reflect the spatial orientation and location of a parcel. Core Attributes are those minimum attribute data considered necessary to adequately document a parcel in a GIS system. The standard also includes "Core Plus" options, and a table of suggested field types and sizes for the Core and Core Plus attribute fields.
What are the Cadastral Core Plus? Core Plus attributes are those attributes that a cadastral producer or distributor may deem desirable for inclusion as part of the cadastral information, but are not considered necessary. South Dakota may wish to adopt PLUS attributes as a statewide best practice.
Primarily collected at neighborhood scales using survey techniques. es. At the neighborhood level, the parcel is the primary mapping unit. City and county level representations are important to identify and distinguish city blocks, and to highlight government and private lands. Polygon feature class Parcel Point feature class Corner Polygon feature class Regulated_Use Polygon feature class City_Block Polygon feature class Zoning
DATA MODELS: A tool for Data Content Standards Also Implement other Standards Use standardized modeling languages and rules for application schemas Street Parcel Topology Vectors Networks Use standardized spatial schemas ISO 19107, OGC SF, etc Basic Geographic Structures With Rules That Define Relationships and Behavior With Schema Rules Relationships Definitions Behavior ISO 19109 Content Description Smith Building Name To produce user view Data Management Data Format Visualization
Acquisition: Conveyance in an interest in land to the US from a non Federal party Proposal Authority Legal description Public Interest Benefit (PM 2-1) Review and Process Proposal (PM 0-2) Noting to MAPS/DATA (PM 0-12) QC (G) Proposal may be initiated by private individuals or federal agency Survey (if there is no survey control in proposal) (MM) Create Map Output (G) Land Description Verification (usually for forest service acquisitions and disposals ) Starting point PM Use Case Other Use Case In the case of a reconveyance there will be an automatic re-opening notation; in some acquisitions there may be a re-opening notation Assumption: this flow describes serialized applications Flow of tasks Law or guidance? Agreeing on State-wide standards for South Dakota. Parcel Management - Acquisition Proponent Strategy, Planning, Agreement: Technical Semantic Human Policy/Legal Analysis of FGDC Cadaster Adjudicator Surveyor Cartographer QC Supervisor Coordination & Sharing Agreements Design -SD Core Plus? Deployment Portal Use
Random thoughts Don t t reinvent the wheel Agree upon and adopt the base standards Good standards are always being improved upon CHANGING Standards should be a floor for innovation not a ceiling Understand the difference between methodology best practices and standards Get your GIS providers to support standards in the box or with tools as much as possible
Resources: FGDC Cadastral Subcommittee: www.nationalcad.org/aboutus.asp FGDC: www.fgdc.gov OGC: www.opengeospatial.org ISO TC211: www.isotc211.org ESRI: www.esri.com/standards
Thank you! Jeanne Foust jfoust@esri.com