Name: Key Concepts Select the term that best completes the statement. A. beam balance B. graduated cylinder C. scale D. matter E. mass F. newton G. volume H. height I. weight J. kilogram 1. Anything that has mass and takes up space is. 2. is the amount of matter in an object. 3. The is the standard unit used to measure mass. Date: 4. The downward pull of Earth's gravity on an object is the object's. 5. A(n) is used to measure weight. 6. The is the standard unit of measure for weight. 7. is the amount of space occupied by an object. 8. To determine the volume of a brick, you must know the brick's length, width, and. 9. Mass can be measured with a(n). 10. José is making toast. He puts the bread into the toaster and pushes down on the knob of the toaster. The wires in the toaster glow red, and José can feel the heat from them. With a metallic sound, the toast pops up. José uses a knife to spread jam on the toast. Name at least two things in this situation that are matter and at least two things that are not matter. Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. 11. An atom is the A. basic unit of matter B. volume of a substance C. amount of matter in an object D. smallest object seen by the unaided eye 12. Carbon and oxygen atoms can combine to form the gas called carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide A. is a molecule, so it no longer has atoms B. has atoms, so it is not a molecule C. is a molecule made of atoms D. is a new kind of atom Unsaved Test, Version: 1 1
13. Suppose that you cut a sugar cube into smaller and smaller parts. If you could separate out one molecule, which of these describes what you have? A. a carbon atom B. a molecule without atoms C. a molecule with no mass D. a molecule of sugar 14. The atoms and molecules that make up a rock A. are in constant motion B. move only when the rock is broken C. move only when the rock is melted D. never move because the rock is solid 15. Describe the motion of molecules in air. How might one observe this motion? Key Concepts Select the term that best completes the statement. A. compound B. substances C. physical D. element E. pure F. mixture 16. Chocolate milk contains more than one type of component. Thus, it is not a(n) substance. 17. Arsenic contains only a single type of atom. Arsenic is a(n). 18. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen can bond together to form sugar. Sugar has properties that are different from its components. Sugar is a(n). 19. Lake water contains dirt, small organisms, and dissolved gases. Lake water is a(n). 20. Mixtures can be separated by means. 21. Suppose that you stir a green powder into a clear liquid. The liquid turns green. You leave the room and come back later to observe that the top of the liquid is clear again. A green substance has settled on the bottom of the container. Was the green liquid that you made a compound or a mixture? Explain your reasoning. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 2
Key Concepts If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. 22. The shape of solid steel depends on its container. 23. The shape of a gas is the same no matter what container it is in. 24. A liquid has a fixed volume. 25. In a solid, particles are close but can slide past one another. 26. Compared with those in a liquid, the molecules of a gas farther are fromeach other. 27. Changing the volume of a container filled with gas will change the massof the gas. 28. Pure drinking water, ice cubes, and water vapor are same the substance in different states of matter. 29. You decide to bake a cake. You pour sugar into a measuring cup. The sugar takes the shape of the measuring cup, yet it is not a liquid. Explain. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 3
Answer Key 1. D. matter 2. E. mass 3. J. kilogram 4. I. weight 5. C. scale 6. F. newton 7. G. volume 8. H. height 9. A. beam balance 10. Rubric 4 points for a response that correctly lists at least two things that are matter and at least two things that are not matter in this example Sample: The bread, wires, toaster, knife, jam, and José are matter. The red glow, the metallic sound, and the heat are not forms of matter. 3 points: correctly provides three of the four parts 2 points: correctly provides two of the four parts 1 point: correctly provides one of the four parts 11. A. basic unit of matter 12. C. is a molecule made of atoms 13. D. a molecule of sugar 14. A. are in constant motion 15. Rubric 4 points for a response that correctly describes the motion of air molecules and how you might observe this motion Sample: Molecules and atoms in air are constantly moving. They move freely in all directions. These atoms and molecules are too small to be observed with the unaided eye. However, the movement of atoms and molecules in air can be inferred by observing tiny pieces of matter moving in air. For example, watching specks of dust in the air can help you observe the movement of air molecules. Air molecules bounce off the dust and cause it to move. 3 points: correctly describes the motion of air molecules and partially describes how one might observe this motion 2 points: correctly describes the motion of air molecules 1 point: partially describes the motion of air molecules 16. E. pure 17. D. element 18. A. compound 19. F. mixture 20. C. physical Unsaved Test, Version: 1 4
21. Rubric 4 points for a response that correctly identifies that a mixture was made and accurately explains why Sample: The green liquid was a mixture. The two substances, the green powder and the clear liquid, retained their original characteristics even after they were combined. After a while, the substances separated by physical means. The green powder settled out of the clear liquid. 3 points: correctly identifies that a mixture was made and mostly explains why 2 points: correctly identifies that a mixture was made and partially explains why 1 point: correctly identifies that a mixture was made 22. False / is fixed 23. False / solid 24. True 25. False / a liquid 26. True 27. False / temperature or pressure 28. True 29. Rubric 4 points for a response that includes the following four facts: The sugar is composed of many grains. The pile of grains takes the shape of the container. Each grain has its own shape. Each grain is a solid. Sample: Even though it takes the shape of the measuring cup, sugar is not a liquid. The sugar consists of many small grains. It is the pile of grains that takes the shape of the container. Each grain has its own shape. Thus, sugar is a solid. 3 points: states three facts to answer the question 2 points: states two facts to answer the question 1 point: states one fact to answer the question Unsaved Test, Version: 1 5
Standards Summary NSES B.1.a P2061 4.D.1 P2061 4.G.1 NSES B.3.a P2061 4.D.3 NSES B.1.b A substance has characteristic properties, such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of which are independent of the amount of the sample. A mixture of substances often can be separated into the original substances using one or more of the characteristic properties. All matter is made up of atoms, which are far too small to see directly through a microscope. The atoms of any element are alike but are different from atoms of other elements. Atoms may stick together in well-defined molecules or may be packed together in large arrays. Different arrangements of atoms into groups compose all substances. Every object exerts gravitational force on every other object. The force depends on how much mass the objects have and on how far apart they are. The force is hard to detect unless at least one of the objects has a lot of mass. Energy is a property of many substances and is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical. Energy is transferred in many ways. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater average energy, so most substances expand when heated. In solids, the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate. In liquids, the atoms or molecules have higher energy, are more loosely connected, and can slide past one another; some molecules may get enough energy to escape into a gas. In gases, the atoms or molecules have still more energy and are free of one another except during occasional collisions. Substances react chemically in characteristic ways with other substances to form new substances (compounds) with different characteristic properties. In chemical reactions, the total mass is conserved. Substances often are placed in categories or groups if they react in similar ways; metals is an example of such a group. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 6