EU Framework Programme 7 theme Community-based management of environmental challenges; funding scheme Research for the benefit of specific groups - Civil Society Organisations. Grant agreement number: 282899 1
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union FP7 ENV.2011.4.2.3-1 grant agreement n 282899. Esteve Corbera, ICTA-UAB Isabel Ruiz-Mallén, ICTA-UAB Victoria Reyes-García, ICTA-UAB Diana Calvo-Boyero, ICTA-UAB Original version: 14th November 2014 Updated version: 10th March 2015 Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.
ANAI UEFS UAB Associação Nacional de Ação Indigenista Universidade Estadual Feira de Santana Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
This deliverable consists of three scientific articles that advance scientific understanding of the role of community-based natural resource management and conservation in influencing people's vulnerability and adaptive capacity to global environmental changes (WP5 Deliverable 5.2). The first scientific publication is entitled Community-Based Conservation and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Implications for socio-ecological resilience and co-authored by Isabel Ruiz-Mallén and Esteve Corbera (UAB). It was submitted to the journal Ecology & Society in June 2012 as part of a special feature entitled "Global Environmental Change and Traditional Ecological Knowledge" (co-editors Gómez-Baggethun, Corbera and Reyes-García UAB) and it was accepted for publication in April 2013. The article presents a state of the art review on traditional ecological knowledge, adaptation and resilience in the context of community-based conservation. The article was available in open access from September 2013. The second scientific publication is entitled How does conservation shape vulnerability? Evidence from Biosphere Reserves in Latin America and coauthored by all COMBIOSERVE UAB team members (Isabel Ruiz-Mallén, Esteve Corbera, Diana Calvo-Boyero, Victoria Reyes-García) and one of our Advisory Board members (Katrina Brown, University of Exeter. The article analyzes socially recalled processes and events that have impacted communities livelihoods in selected sites in Mexico and Bolivia and explore their coping and adaptive responses to these changes in the context of conservation institutions. The article was submitted to the journal Global Environmental Change in October 2014 and it is currently under review (see certification of submission and manuscript s status at the journal webpage in page 8). The third scientific publication is finished as a working paper and currently refined for submission in a peer reviewed journal. It is tentatively entitled Policy options to build indigenous communities adaptive capacity to multiple stresses: Case studies in Latin American biosphere reserves. This working paper is based on information collected from household surveys and participatory scenarios to explore households adaptive capacity to multiple stresses and policy options for adaptation in selected sites in Mexico and Bolivia. The article will be submitted to the journal Environmental Science and Policy in January 2015, before the COMBIOSERVE project officially ends. In the following sections we present authorship details and abstracts of the three scientific publications.
Publication 1 Status: Published in Ecology & Society (available online September 2013) Title: Community-Based Conservation and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Implications for Social-Ecological Resilience Authors: Isabel Ruiz-Mallén, Esteve Corbera Abstract: Our review highlights how traditional ecological knowledge influences people's adaptive capacity to social-ecological change and identifies a set of mechanisms that contribute to such capacity in the context of community-based biodiversity conservation initiatives. Twenty-three publications, including twentynine case studies, were reviewed with the aim of investigating how local knowledge, community-based conservation, and resilience interrelate in socialecological systems. We highlight that such relationships have not been systematically addressed in regions where a great number of community conservation initiatives are found; and we identify a set of factors that foster people's adaptive capacity to social-ecological change and a number of social processes that, in contrast, undermine such capacity and the overall resilience of the social-ecological system. We suggest that there is a need to further investigate how climate variability and other events affect the joint evolution of conservation outcomes and traditional ecological knowledge, and there is a need to expand the current focus on social factors to explain changes in traditional ecological knowledge and adaptive capacity towards a broader approach that pays attention to ecosystem dynamics and environmental change. Key words: adaptive capacity; biodiversity conservation; community-based conservation; ecosystem services; local ecological knowledge; natural resource management; social-ecological change; social-ecological resilience; traditional ecological knowledge Citation & Access: Ruiz-Mallén, I. and E. Corbera. 2013. Community-based conservation and traditional ecological knowledge: implications for socialecological resilience. Ecology and Society 18(4):12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/es-05867-180412
Status: Under review in the journal Global Environmental Change (Submitted October 2014) Title: How does conservation shape vulnerability? Evidence from Biosphere Reserves in Latin America Authors: Isabel Ruiz-Mallén, Esteve Corbera, Diana Calvo-Boyero, Victoria Reyes-García, Katrina Brown Abstract: Top-down resource management regulations, such as those associated to the establishment of protected areas, can increase vulnerability and compromise individual and collective agency for adaptation. In this article, we analyse how biosphere reserves influence locally experienced vulnerability and adaptation to global change in Mexican communities located in a governmentmanaged reserve, Calakmul, and Bolivian communities living within a comanaged reserve, Pilón Lajas. We use focus groups, interviews and scoring exercises to document the influence of these reserves in local environmental histories, perceived livelihood stresses and chosen coping and adaptation strategies. We show both reserves are perceived as a source of stress but somewhat differently. Calakmul communities feel vulnerable to the reserve s regulations but less to climatic and economic stresses, whereas Pilón Lajas communities surprisingly perceive the insufficient enforcement of the reserve s rules as the most relevant stress to their livelihoods. Even though both reserves have supported local adaptations to environmental change, most of householdbased and collective actions in this regard have been adopted without the reserves participation. We discuss how and why the biosphere reserves influence in shaping local vulnerability is differently perceived and why their role in enhancing local adaptation is limited. Key words: adaptation, biodiversity conservation, governance, protected area, social vulnerability. Access: Contact lead author: isabel.ruiz@uab.cat
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Status: Working paper; Scientific publication in progress (Submission to Environmental Science and Policy planned in March 2015) Title (provisional): Policy options to build indigenous communities adaptive capacity to multiple stresses: Case studies in Latin American biosphere reserves. Authors: Isabel Ruiz-Mallén, Diana Calvo-Boyero, Esteve Corbera, Victoria Reyes-García Abstract: Social vulnerability theory argues that local people s capacity to adapt to socio-economic and environmental stresses is influenced by their financial and natural assets, access to land, infrastructure, access to information and technology, education and social capital. Institutions mediate many of these factors and thus determine people's vulnerability and their ability to adapt. In this paper we empirically explore how natural resource management institutions shape households adaptive capacity to multiple stresses in four indigenous communities located in biosphere reserves in Bolivia and Mexico. We first analyze households capacity for adaptation through socio-economic and environmental indicators based on information collected from 156 surveys conducted with household heads (132 men and 24 women). Through deliberative focus groups we explore local perceptions on their potential adaptive capacity in future scenarios of social-ecological change, and we then identify institutional and policy options to enhance local adaptive capacity in the most preferred scenarios. We discuss how formal and informal natural resource management institutions contribute to improve or undermine local livelihoods by shaping local capacity for adaptation and we conclude with some policy recommendations for better supporting local livelihoods in biosphere reserves. Key words: adaptation, conservation, institutions, Latin America, protected area, vulnerability. Access: Contact lead author: isabel.ruiz@uab.cat 9
The first scientific publication, the second publication currently under review in the journal Global Environmental Change and the working paper of the third scientific publication are and will be published as open access. In the three publications we acknowledge the European Union as follows: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement n 282899: "Assessing the effectiveness of community-based management strategies for biocultural diversity conservation (COMBIOSERVE)". Publications 2 and 3 also acknowledge the communities of Once de Mayo, Sacrificio, Alto Colorado and San Luis Chico for their hospitality and participation in the COMBIOSERVE project.