Black Hole: Journey into the Unknown Teacher Packet Compiled by: Product of Morehead State University Star Theatre with help from Bethany DeMoss
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Corresponding Standards 2 Vocabulary 3 Gravity Launch (Primary) 4 Playing with Magnetism (Middle Grades) 9 Operation: Periodic Table (High School) 12 References 16 1
Corresponding Standards Next Generation Science Standards 5-PS2-1. 07-PS2-5. HS-PS1-1. HS-PS1-5. HS-PS2-1. HS-ESS1-3. Support an argument that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed down. [Clarification Statement: Down is a local description of the direction that points toward the center of the spherical Earth.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include mathematical representation of gravitational force.] Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact. [Clarification Statement: Examples of this phenomenon could include the interactions of magnets, electricallycharged strips of tape, and electrically-charged pith balls. Examples of investigations could include first-hand experiences or simulations.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to electric and magnetic fields. Assessment is limited to qualitative evidence for the existence of fields.] Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms. [Clarification Statement: Examples of properties that could be predicted from patterns could include reactivity of metals, types of bonds formed, numbers of bonds formed, and reactions with oxygen.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to main group elements. Assessment does not include quantitative understanding of ionization energy beyond relative trends.] Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on student reasoning that focuses on the number and energy of collisions between molecules.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to simple reactions in which there are only two reactants; evidence from temperature, concentration, and rate data; and qualitative relationships between rate and temperature.] Analyze data to support the claim that Newton s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data could include tables or graphs of position or velocity as a function of time for objects subject to a net unbalanced force, such as a falling object, an object rolling down a ramp, or a moving object being pulled by a constant force.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to one-dimensional motion and to macroscopic objects moving at non-relativistic speeds.] Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the way nucleosynthesis, and therefore the different elements created, varies as a function of the mass of a star and the stage of its lifetime.] [Assessment Boundary: Details of the many different nucleosynthesis pathways for stars of differing masses are not assessed.] 2
Black Holes: Journey into the Unknown Vocabulary Vocabulary Words Black Hole Event Horizon Gravity Time Dilation Supernova Cygnus X-1 X-Ray Telescope Hubble Space Telescope Theory of Relativity Definition A region ofspace where gravity pulls so much that not even light can escape The theoretical boundary area surrounding a black hole beyond gravity is so intense that no light or other radiation can escape. A natural force that cause two particles to move towards each other. The gravitational force is proportional to the mass of the two objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them. The relativistic effect of the slowing of a clock with respect to an observer. In Special Relativity, a clock moving with respect to an observer appears to run more slowly than to an observer moving with the clock. In General Relativity, time dilation is also caused by gravity; clocks on the earth's surface, for example, run more slowly than clocks at high altitudes, where gravitational forces are weaker. The explosive end to a star s life that occurs when the star is no longer able to maintain equilibrium, caused when inwardly directed gravitational forces in the star are overcome by interior pressure pushing outward. first observed black hole Orbiting robotic telescope designed to observe remote objects in the X-rayportion of the spectrum. Orbiting robotic telescope carried into orbit by a space shuttle in 1990 that conducts astronautical observations in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectra General Relativity is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915. According to general relativity, the observed gravitational effect between masses results from their warping of 4 dimensional space-time. 3
Gravity Launch From: Science Net Links 4
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Playing with Magnetism From: NASA: IMAGE 9
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Operation: Periodic Table From: Oakland Schools Chemistry Resource Unit 12
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References for Activities Gravity Launch "Find Science Lessons and Tools for K-12." Science Net Links. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2011. Web. 15 July 2014. Playing with Magnetism James, Burch, ed. "Exploring the Earth's Manetic Field." Dr. James Burch (n.d.): 8-9. NASA: IMAGE. Web. 14 July 2014. Operation: Periodic Table Hulbert, Andrew D, ed. Oakland Schools Chemistry Resource Unit: Periodic Table. Andrew D. Hulbert, Bloomfield Hills Schools, Andover High School (n.d.): 24-26. Web. 14 July 2014. 16