1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which represent two different solid, uniform materials cut into cubes A and B. 5. The data table below shows the mass and volume of three samples of the same mineral. [The density column is provided for student use.] Which graph best represents the relationship between the density and the volume of these mineral samples? A) What is the mass of cube B? A) 9 g B) 27 g C) 3 g D) 81 g 2. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below. B) C) What is the volume of the sphere? A) 15 ml B) 25 ml C) 40 ml D) 65 ml 3. A centimeter is 0.01 meter. This measurement can also be expressed as A) 1 10 1 m B) 1 10 2 m C) 1 10 0 m D) 1 10 2 m 4. The diameter through the equator of Jupiter is about 143,000 kilometers. What is this distance written in scientific notation (powers of 10)? A) 143 10 2 km B) 1.43 10 3 km C) 1.43 10 5 km D) 143 10 5 km D) 6. As air on the surface of Earth warms, the density of the air A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same Page 1
7. The diagrams below represent two solid objects A and B. with different densities. 11. During a rainstorm, when soil becomes saturated, the amount of infiltration A) decreases and runoff decreases B) decreases and runoff increases C) increases and runoff decreases D) increases and runoff increases What will happen when the objects are placed in a container of water (water temperature = 4 C)? A) Both objects will sink. B) Both objects will float. C) Object A will float and object B will sink. D) Object B will float and object A will sink. 8. A 25-gram sample of halite was placed in a jar with five other mineral samples and water. The jar was shaken vigorously for 5 minutes. The halite sample was then found to have a mass of 15 grams. What was the rate of weathering of the halite sample? A) 0.50 g/min B) 2.0 g/min C) 3.0 g/min D) 10. g/min 9. The graph below shows the discharge measured at a point in a stream during a period of one year. The greatest change in stream flow occurs between A) January 1 and March 1 B) March 1 and May 1 C) May 1 and July 1 D) October 1 and December 1 10. Which processes are most likely to cause a rise in the water table? A) runoff and erosion B) precipitation and infiltration C) deposition and burial D) solidification and condensation Page 2
12. The diagram below shows columns A, B, C, and D that contain different sediments. Equal volumes of water were poured through each column. Which column of sediment retained the most water? A) A B) B C) C D) D 13. Compared to an area of Earth's surface with gentle slopes, an area with steeper slopes most likely has A) less infiltration and more runoff B) less infiltration and less runoff C) more infiltration and more runoff D) more infiltration and less runoff 14. Which sediment size would allow water to flow through at the fastest rate? A) clay B) silt C) sand D) pebbles 15. Which surface soil type has the slowest permeability rate and is most likely to produce flooding? A) pebbles B) sand C) silt D) clay 16. During a heavy rainstorm, soil samples A and B both became saturated with water. However, 10 minutes after the storm ended, the soils appeared as shown below. Which statement best explains the observed change in the water content of the soil samples? A) The permeability of B is greater than the permeability of A. B) The porosity of B is greater than the porosity of A. C) The capillarity of B is greater than the capillarity of A. D) The surface runoff at B is greater than the surface runoff at A. 17. Sand sediments are usually more permeable than silt sediments because sand grains are A) larger B) smoother C) rounder D) more soluble Page 3
18. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents samples of soil and bedrock at Earth's surface. The arrows represent possible infiltration of rainwater. 20. A rock with a high porosity will probably A) be resistant to weathering B) be composed of large grains C) have a large percentage of space between particles D) have a small percentage of rounded particles Which sample probably has the greatest porosity? A) pebble soil B) pebble-and-sand soil C) conglomerate bedrock D) granite bedrock 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which represent cross sections of four samples of loosely packed, uniformly sorted soil particles. The diameter of the particles is given below each diagram. All soil samples consist of solid spherical particles. If equal amounts of 0.2-centimeter soil particles are mixed into each sample, which sample's porosity will not be affected? A) A B) B C) C D) D Page 4
21. Which graph shows the general relationship between soil particle size and the capillarity of the soil? A) B) C) D) 22. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which represent 500-milliliter containers that are open at the top and the bottom and filled with well-sorted, loosely packed particles of uniform size. A piece of screening placed at the bottom of each container prevents the particles from falling out. The sample in which container would have the greatest capillarity when placed in water? A) A B) B C) C D) D 23. Which graph best represents the relationship between the particle size and the capillarity of a sample of soil? A) B) C) D) Page 5
24. Photographs A and B below show two different valleys. Which list best identifies the agent of erosion that primarily determined the shape of each valley? A) photograph A glacier; photograph B river B) photograph A river; photograph B glacier C) both photographs river D) both photographs glacier 25. The table below shows the relationship between total yearly precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (EP) for different types of climates. The total yearly precipitation (P) for a city in Texas is 218 millimeters. The total yearly potential evapotranspiration (EP) is 951 millimeters. Which type of climate does this city have? A) humid B) subhumid C) semiarid D) arid Page 6
26. Base your answer to the following question on the water budget data and climate classification below. Table 1 shows water budget data for a location in New Jersey, and table 2 describes climate types. All data are expressed in millimeters of water. According to the information provided in table 2, the area represented by the water budget data would have a climate classified as A) humid B) subhumid C) semiarid D) arid 27. What change will a pebble usually undergo when it is transported a great distance by streams? A) It will become jagged and its mass will decrease. B) It will become jagged and its volume will increase. C) It will become rounded and its mass will increase. D) It will become rounded and its volume will decrease. Page 7
28. The block diagram below represents a stream flowing from a mountain region. 30. The diagram below shows a section of a meander in a stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow. A brief, heavy rainstorm occurs in the mountains. How will the volume of water and the rate of erosion in the stream change shortly after the rainstorm? A) The volume of water will decrease and the rate of erosion will increase. B) The volume of water will increase and the rate of erosion will decrease. C) Both the volume of water and the rate of erosion will decrease. D) Both the volume of water and the rate of erosion will increase. 29. A river s current carries sediments into the ocean. Which sediment size will most likely be deposited in deeper water farthest from the shore? A) pebble B) sand C) silt D) clay The streambank on the outside of this meander is steeper than the streambank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of this meander is moving A) slower, causing deposition B) faster, causing deposition C) slower, causing erosion D) faster, causing erosion 31. The map below shows the area surrounding a meandering stream. At which point is erosion greatest? A) A B) B C) C D) D Page 8
Base your answers to questions 32 and 33 on the diagram below, which represents the landscape features associated with a meandering river. Letters W, X, Y, and Z represent locations on the floodplain. 32. During transport by this river, a sediment particle will most likely become A) more rounded B) more dense C) heavier D) larger 33. The choices below represent stages in the formation of a meandering river. Which sequence best represents the usual changes over time? A) B) C) D) Page 9
34. The map below represents a meandering stream flowing into a lake. A student measured water depths in the stream at three locations: A A', B B', and C C'. Which set of cross sections best represents the stream bed at the three locations? A) B) C) D) Page 10
35. The map below represents a large stream meander (bend). The arrows show the direction of stream flow. Stream velocity was measured at surface locations A, B, and C. Which graph best represents the relative velocities of the stream at locations A, B. and C? A) B) C) D) 36. Which profile best shows the general depositional pattern that occurs when water from a stream enters the ocean? A) B) C) D) Page 11
37. The diagram below shows three beds of sediment deposited at different times in a quiet body of water. 41. Four samples of aluminum, A, B, C, and D, have identical volumes and densities, but different shapes. Each piece is dropped into a long tube filled with water. The time each sample takes to settle to the bottom of the tube is shown in the table below. The sediment deposited in each bed is best described as A) sorted mainly according to particle size B) sorted mainly according to particle shape C) a mixture of sorted and unsorted particles D) showing no evidence of sorting 38. Which rock particles will remain suspended in water for the longest time? A) pebbles B) sand C) silt D) clay 39. Each of the rock particles below has the same density and volume. Which particle will most likely settle at the fastest rate in moving water? A) B) Which diagram most likely represents the shape of sample A? A) B) C) D) C) D) 42. The graph below shows the relationship between particle shape and settling rate. 40. Four quartz samples of equal size and shape were placed in a stream. Which of the four quartz samples below has most likely been transported farthest in the stream? A) B) C) D) Which statement best describes the relationship shown? A) Flatter particles settle more slowly than rounder particles. B) Flatter particles settle faster than rounder particles. C) All particles settle at the same speed. D) Particle shape does not affect settling rate. Page 12
43. When small particles settle through water faster than large particles, the small particles are probably A) lighter B) flatter C) better sorted D) more dense 44. Which graph shows the relationship between the density of particles and their settling time in still water?[assume that the particles have the same size and shape.] A) B) C) D) 45. Compared to a low-density spherical particle, a high-density spherical particle of the same size will sink through water A) more slowly B) more rapidly C) at the same rate 46. Sediment is deposited in a river delta because the A) velocity of the river decreases B) force of gravity decreases C) volume of the river increases D) gradient of the river increases 47. What is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to keep a 6.4-cm-diameter particle in motion? A) 10 cm/s B) 50 cm/s C) 100 cm/s D) 200 cm/s 48. What is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to keep a particle in motion that has a diameter of 10 centimeters? A) 110 cm/s B) 190 cm/s C) 325 cm/s D) 425 cm/s 49. Which New York State landscape region is composed of mostly horizontal sedimentary bedrock and has a high elevation? A) Hudson Highlands B) Manhattan Prong C) the Catskills D) Taconic Mountains 50. Which New York State landscape region is mostly composed of horizontal sedimentary bedrock at high elevations? A) Hudson Highlands B) Allegheny Plateau C) Taconic Mountains D) Atlantic Coastal Plain 51. Which two cities are located in the Interior Lowlands? A) Elmira and Binghamton B) Riverhead and New York City C) Massena and Old Forge D) Buffalo and Watertown 52. New York State's generalized landscape regions are identified primarily on the basis of elevation and A) bedrock structure B) climate zones C) geologic age D) latitude 53. Which two locations are found in the same New York State landscape region? A) Old Forge and Utica B) Niagara Falls and Watertown C) Kingston and Rochester D) Plattsburgh and Ithaca 54. Which rock type is found as surface bedrock in the Finger Lakes region of New York State? A) igneous B) sedimentary C) contact metamorphic D) regional metamorphic 55. The Erie-Ontario Lowlands of New York State are a part of which larger landscape region? A) Interior Lowlands B) St. Lawrence Lowlands C) Allegheny Plateau D) Appalachian Plateau Page 13
Earth Science[S-D Review[12/19/2014]]- Eduware Classification Total Questions: 55 1.PROLOGUE (9) 1.B.Simple Measurements (7) 1.B.i.Measurements (4) 1.B.i.a.Dimensional Quantities/Scientific Notation (4) 1.B.ii.Density (3) 1.B.ii.a.Qualitative Answers (3) 1.C.Nature of Change (2) 1.C.i.Rate of Change (2) 6.GROUND WATER (17) 6.A.Earth's Water (15) 6.A.i.Ground Water (14) 6.A.i.a.Infiltration (5) 6.A.i.b.Permeability (3) 6.A.i.c.Porosity (3) 6.A.i.d.Capillary (3) 6.A.ii.Surface Water Runoff (1) 6.B.The Local Water Budget (2) 6.B.ii.Climates and Local Water Budget (2) 7.THE EROSIONAL PROCESS (9) 7.B.Erosion (9) 7.B.i.Evidence of Erosion (2) 7.B.i.b.Properties of Transported Materials (2) 7.B.ii.Factors affecting Transportation (7) 7.B.ii.b.Water Erosion/Stream Channel Shape (7) 8.THE DEPOSITIONAL PROCESS (20) 8.A.Deposition (13) 8.A.i.Size (3) 8.A.ii.Shape (4) 8.A.iii.Density (3) 8.A.iv.Velocity (3) 8.C.Landscape Characteristics (7) 8.C.iii.Landscape Regions of New York State (7)
Answer Key S-D Review 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. D 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. A Page 15