VOLCANOES. Homework due Wed./Thurs. I have a few copies left, or get by moodle or webpage

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Transcription:

VOLCANOES Homework due Wed./Thurs. I have a few copies left, or get by moodle or webpage

Bowen s Reaction Series

Oceanic basin tectonics http://my.execpc.com/~acmelasr/mountains/geogramsnf.html

Icelandic Rift http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100/plo ts/0829_09_iceland.jpg

Convergent plate boundary http://my.execpc.com/~acmelasr/mountains/geogramsnf.html

Fujiyama http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1008_composite_volc_fujiyama.jpg

Tectonics of Magma Basaltic magma From partial melting of mantle Occurs at oceanic ridges and mantle plumes More dense: makes oceanic crust Granitic magma From melting of crust, with water as flux Occurs at convergent boundaries Less dense: makes continental crust

Low viscosity lava http://smart.tin.it/domsky/4/fotos-imagenes/immagini/1/2002_07_28_archive.html

Pahoehoe http://gaia.busanedu.net/~creative/2002/cyber/rock/pages/20651_pahoehoe.htm

AA http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/aa_pahoehoe_lg.jpg

http://www.fhvnp.org/albums/seminar_1142006.htm Kilauea

Mt St Helens Before http://www.ncusd203.org/north/depts/science/slack/mt_helens.html

Ash of Mt St Helens

Kilauea spatter cone http://www.billystudio.com/photo_album/big_island/volcano_park_slide/pages/kilauea%20spatter%20cone%201984.htm

Volcanic bombs http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/products/pglossary/bomb.html

bomb http://www.volcanicimages.com/krakatau/krakatau.html

Terms Viscosity: resistance to flow Pyroclastic: material blown into the air by volcanic eruption What is the relationship of lava viscosity to pyroclastic production by a volcano? Greater viscosity=more likely to have pyroclastic material

Lava character Volcanic gas information below http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/what/volgas/volgas.html

Volcanic gas composition Kilauea Summit Hot Spot 1170 C CO H2 H2S S02 HCl H20 C02 http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/gas/index.php

Volcanic gas composition Erta` Ale Divergent Plate 1130 C CO H2S S02 C02 H2 HCl http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/erta_ale H20 http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/gas/index.php

Volcanic gas composition Momotombo Convergent Plate 820 C http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/momotombo.jpg C02 S02 H2 CO H2S HCl H20 http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/gas/index.php

Shield volcano http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/products/pglossary/shieldvolcano.html

Pahoehoe http://gaia.busanedu.net/~creative/2002/cyber/rock/pages/20651_pahoehoe.htm

Pahoehoe http://www.mistermoose.org/rtw/usa/hawaii/pahoehoe.html

AA http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/aa_pahoehoe_lg.jpg

http://news.cnet.com/2300-13576_3-10001182-2.html A'a

http://www.doubledeckerpress.com/skylight.htm Active Lava Tube

Kilauea Caldera http://www.globalgeografia.com/album/oceania.htm

Shield volcano http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1008_shield_volc.jpg

Hawaii http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/hawaii/big_island.html

Mt St Helens http://www.daviddarling.info/childrens_encyclopedia/dig_a_hole_to_china_chapter1.html

http://www.geology.mcmail.com/volcanoes.htm MtStHelens

Ash of Mt. St. Helens http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm

Ash progression map of May 18, 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens http://www.cmos.ca/ao/articles/v190207.pdf

http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/30714277-048_caption.html Ash Bed

Welded tuff

Composite cone http://courses.unt.edu/hwilliams/geog_3350/examreviews/volcanic_structures.htm

Blasted summit of Mt. St. Helens http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm

Whaleback dome in Mt. St. Helens http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm

Mt Meager, British Columbia, Canada

Glass cliff of Mt Meager eruption 2500 ybp

Pumice lapilli of Mt. Meager Pumice deposit of Mt. Meager

http://www.geog.utah.edu/~hmiller/photos/mt_hood.jpg Mt Hood

Cascade Volcano eruptions http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm

Fujiyama http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1008_composite_volc_fujiyama.jpg

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/fire.html Ring of fire

Nuee Ardente

St. Pierre Harbor, 1902 http://rolfgross.dreamhosters.com/lafcadiohearn-ge/martiniquestpierre-mtpeleelifelett1.jpg

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/ how_volcanoes_work/pelee.html Martinique

Martinique Video of nuee ardente: http://www.bedford.k12.ny.us/flhs/science/apes/images.html http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/govt/images/051296/pf_sea.mpg

St Helens Blast Zone http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm

Lahar Mt St Helens http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/lahars.html

Lahar Link to Nevado del Ruiz http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/what/lahars/ruizlahars.html

St Helens Deposits http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm

Rainier Lahars http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/lahars.html

Paricutin http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/paricutin_page.html

Ash from Paricutin http://www.greenville.k12.oh.us/volcano/cindercone.html

Parícutin http://www.greenville.k12.oh.us/volcano/cindercone.html

Cinder cone

Cinder cones http://courses.unt.edu/hwilliams/geog_3350/examreviews/volcanic_structures.htm

San Juan Parangaricutiro http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/paricutin_page.html

http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/sect13/sect13_4d.html Mt Etna

Volcanic features Fissure Pipe Vent Opening at summit may be crater or caldera http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/earthscience/geology/volcanoes/structure/structure2.jpg

Aspects of volcano types

Crater Lake

Caldera initial stage

Caldera final stage

Collapse caldera formation Like Crater Lake http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volclandforms.htm

Kilauea Caldera http://satftp.soest.hawaii.edu/space/hawaii/nav/ap.kilauea.html

Kilauea Caldera Stage 1 http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.html

Kilauea Caldera Stage 2 http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.html

Kilauea Caldera Stage 3 http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.html

http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/votw/valles.htm Valles Grande

Curtain of fire http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~csav/gallery/decker/hawaii_curtain_of_fire.php

Lava fountain from fissure

Flood basalt

Flood basalt http://www.bedford.k12.ny.us/flhs/science/images/floodbasalt.jpg

Flood basalt http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/fieldimages/basalttwinfalls.jpeg

Deccan basalt http://www.accuracyingenesis.com/deccan.html

Shiprock http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/muldoon/51-360/moes_pics/pages/6b_ship_rock_gif.htm

Volcanic summary

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