LIB 013 J«Wmc Am{U m{hvremñì KQ>Zm, KS>m mos>r, ^mî

LIB 013 J«Wmc Am{U m{hvremñì KQ>Zm, KS>m mos>r, ^mî g nmxh$ S>m. YwH$a eodmio H$m H$mar g nmxh$ àm. àdru KmoS>oñdma g nmxh$ S>i S>m. amo Ð Hw $^ma, nwuo S>m. mohz IoaS>o, A amdvr S>m. Y amo dra, Am a Jm~mX S>m. Z{ Vm ImoV, H$moëhmnya S>m. Jcm {hadms>o, ZmJnya àm. àh$me ~d}, Zm{eH$ 2017 ed Vamd MìhmU hmamï > w³v {dúmnrr> {Z{ Vr lr. AmZ X mxd, ì dñwmnh$, J«W{Z{ Vr H $Ð,. M.. w³v {dúmnrr> AjaOwiUr o. na o$³q> H$m åß wq>a, {Ì wvu Mm H$, {gs>h$mo, Zm{eH$. wðh$ lr. ZdZmW PZH$a, o. lr JUoe E Q>aàm Oog, {edzoar H$m åßco³g, dmdao coz, Zm{eH$. àh$meh$ S>m. {XZoe ^m S>o, Hw$cg{Md,. M.. w³v {dúmnrr>, Zm{eH$-422222 nìì dhmammm nîmm dj Ur d ì dñwmnz - S>m. YwH$a eodmio, Cn-J«Wnmc d à wi, J«Wmc Am{U m{hvròmov H $Ð, ed Vamd MìhmU hmamï > w³v {dúmnrr>, Zm{eH$ 422222. g nmxh$s (gm{hë nmr>{dê mgmr>r) - S>m. YwH$a eodmio, Cn-J«Wnmc d à wi, J«Wmc Am{U m{hvròmov H $Ð, ed Vamd MìhmU hmamï > w³v {dúmnrr>, Zm{eH$ 422222. m A H$mV ì ³V Pmcoë m Vm er g nmxh$ d g nmxh$ S>i gh V AgocM Ago Zmhr. B17-18-53 kmzj JmoÌr df 18do kmzj JmoÌr OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 A H$-1 AZwH«$_{UH$m ISSN 2231-6507 1 wšg (Massive Open Online Course) EH$ AmYw{ZH$ CnH«$ lr. {hvoe Jmonmb {~«Odmgr 01 lr. n H$O Ama. Xoe wi 2 ^mavmvrb e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o : AmìhmZo Am{U g Yr 13 amooe Hw$ ma nm S>ò (AZw. AéU h ~S}> d auorv Y m nwarh$a) 3 Xem e djuh$au nõvr H$moï>H$ 1 : g mz qh$dm à mu Cn{d^mJ 24 lr. {demb X. ~mnvo 4 Xem e djuh$au nõvr H$moï>H$ 2 : ^m Jmo{bH$ joì, Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$mbI S> Am{U ì`º$s lr. {demb X. ~mnvo 42 5 doiomo ì`dñwmnz : CnbãY gm{hë`mmm emoy gwf m nm S>dmb 52

g nmxh$s`, J«Wmb` Am{U m{hvremó dv mz KQ>Zm KS>m mos>r `m Aä`mgH«$ mgmr>r kmzj JmoÌr Ì m{gh$ {Z`{ V ñdénmv àh$m{ev hmov AgVo. mjrb 17 dfm Ü`o dv mz KQ>Zm KS>m mos>tda AmYm[aV {d{dy {df`mda Ame` {dvarv H$aÊ`mMm à`ëz H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho. àñvwv A H$m Ü`o wšg hr Am ZbmB Z {eju àumbr da ^mî` H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Amho. `m{eju nõvrda AmYm[aV ^mav gah$maà`m mzd {dh$mg Am{U g gmyz Ìmb`mÛmao V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m {eju àumbrg ñd` ho Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambo Amho. wšg Am{U ñd` `m g X^m Vrb m{hvr Am{U H$m` nõvr `m~m~v MMm Ho$bobr Amho. m{hvr V ÌkmZmÀ`m AZwf JmZo e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Ü`o m{hvrmo OVZ, g aju, {dvau d à{vàmár hmoê`mg X^m Vrb H$m` nõvr Ü`o mor>o ~Xb {XgyZ `ov AmhoV. `m AZwf JmZo ^mavmvrb e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o : AmìhmZo Am{U g Yr hm boi gmxa H$aÊ`mV `ov AmhoV. Xem e djuh$au nõvrmm gimob Aä`mg hmoê`mà`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ gm mý` Cn{d^mJ VgoM ^m Jmo{bH$ joì, Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$mbI S> Am{U ì`º$s `m~m~vmr m{hvr XmoZ boim Ü`o gmxa Ho$bobr Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a doiomo ì`dñwmnz : CnbãY gm{hë`mmm emoy hm boi nwzaàh$m{ev H$aÊ`mV `ov Amho. doioà`m ì`dñwmnzmgmr>r J«Wnmbm Zr H$moUVo wôo {dmmamv KoVbo AmhoV; VgoM H$moUË`m Cnm``moOZm hëdmà`m mzë`m AmhoV `mg X^m Vrb Cn`wº$ AmT>mdm KoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. S>m. YwH$a eodmio g nmxh$ wšg Massive Open Online Course EH$ AmYw{ZH$ e j{uh$ CnH«$ : {deof g X^ mzd {dh$mg Am{U g gmyz Ìmb`mÛmao Mmb{dÊ`mV `oumao ñd` : CnH«$ lr. {hvoe Jmonmb {~«Odmgr J«Wnmb, lr Vr. eaxm {ÐH$m gwaoe nmq>rb H$m boo Am $ $m gr, MmonS>m. lr. n H$O Ama Xoe wi J«Wnmb -AmQ²g, H$m g gm`ýg H$m boo, YaUJmd gmam e: gdmªgmr>r {eju (Education to All) `m àmw{ H$ Am{U wb^yv VËdmda AmYmarV {eju àumbr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo d Ë`m À`m mü` mvyz àm{bv {eju nõvrv A wbmj«~xb KS>dyZ AmUUo `m w»` CÔoemZo wšg `m e j{uh$ nõvrmr amzm Ho$br Jobr Amho. wšg `m {eju nõ²vrûmao gm momvrb àë`oh$ ñvamdarb, àë`oh$ g wxm`mvrb ZmJ[aH$m Zm {ejummo EH$ Zdo M CnbãY H$éZ XoÊ`mV Ambo Amho. {S>{OQ>b {ejunõvr `oê`majmoxa åhuoom AR>am Am{U EH$moUm{dgmì`m evh$mv Ooìhm B Q>aZoQ> Am{U Q>o{bpìhOZ `m gma»`m godm CnbãY ZìhË`m Voìhm Aem àh$mamo {eju ho ~{hñw {eju nõvrûmao {Xbo OmV hmovo, {dgmì`m evh$mv mì `mbm Am ZbmB Z nõvrzo åhuoom B Q>aZoQ>Ûmao CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambo Am{U `mvyzm OÝ Pmbm Vmo wšg `m {eju nõvrmm. `m {eju nõvrda AmYmarV {eju àumbr ^mav gah$maà`m mzd {dh$mg Am{U g gmyz Ìmb`mÛmao V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Am{U `m àumbrbm ñd` : ho Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambo. wšg {eju nõvr Am{U ñd` `m XmoKm Mr m{hvr Am{U Ë`m À`m H$m` nõvr `m Mm Aä`mg `m g emoyz boimv H$aÊ`mV kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 1

Ambm Amho. `mmà muo wšg Ûmao g mombm hmoumam $m`xm `m Mm gwõm Aä`mg `owo H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. emoy g km: wšg, ñd`, Am ZbmB Z {eju nõvr, wšv{eju àumbr, cmoocs, xmoocs. nmíd ^y r: gd Xoemà muom ^mavmv XoIrb {eju `m joìmv Q>ßß`m- Q>ßß`m Zo gwymaum H$aÊ`mV Amë`m àm w»`mzo Cƒ {ejumv. ^mavr` {eju nõvrmm Oa {dmma Ho$bm Va OmJ{VH$ {ejumv ^mavmmo `mojxmz Am{U dmq>m hm Iyn mor>m Amho. `mmmm CXmhaU XoVm Zm EH$ CXw boih$ åhuvmv ""gmao Ohm n O~ Wm& dh evh$m A~«Vmar Mî mo-{mamjo Amb Wr gao r h mar'' åhuoo `mmm AW Agm H$s, "gmè`m OJmV Á`mdoir AkmZmMm A Yma Zm XV hmovm. Ë`mdoir Am À`mH$S>o kmzmmm gw` VinV hmovm. {h $ŠVEH$ ì`m»`m qh$dm H${dVm ZgyZ `m mjo Iyn mor>m B{Vhmg Amho Vmo åhuoo àmmrz H$mimV ^mavmmr OJm Ü`o AmoiI Iyn ~wõrdmz d kmzr bmoh$m Mm Xoe Aer hmovr åhuyz àmmrz H$mir ^mav hm OJmbm kmz XoUmao amï > åhuyz {dh${gv Pmbo hmovo. `m mjmo à wi H$maU åhuoo ^mavmvrb àmmrz {dúmnrr>o CXm. Zmb Xm, Vj{ebm, {dh«$ {ebm, d ^r, JwU{ebm, CXÝVnwar, OmJÔb, hm{dhma, { Wbm Am{U Zm{X`m Am{X ^mavr` kmz {dúmnrr>o ho OJà{gÕ Am Vaamï >r` XOm Mo kmz H $Ðo Pmbr hmovr. `m {dúmnrr>m Ü`o OJmVrb AZoH$ {dúmwu {ejumgmr>r `ov AgV. `m {dúm{nr>mv àdoe KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m H$mimV àdoe n[ajm gwõm KoVë`m OmV hmoë`m. {ejum~m~v AZoH$ ì`º$s Zr Amnmnbo V ì`švho$bo Amho Ë`m n H$sM EH$ V ho OJmbm {ejummo hîd nq>dyz XoUmè`m EH$m hmz ì`{º$ ËdmMo, åhuoom ñdm r {ddoh$mz X `m Mo ñdm r åhuvmv ""Ho$di m{hvrmo g H$bZ åhuoo {eju Zìho Va {eb g nþ g mo{z{ Vr H$aÊ`mMo mü` åhuoo {eju hmò '' àmmrzh$mimnmgyz Va AmOn` V {eju joìm V doimodoir gwymaum H$aÊ`mV Ambo `m gwymauomom n[aum åhuoo JwéHw$b {eju àumbr nmgyz Vo AmO CX`mg Amboë`m wšg (Massive Open Online Course) `m {eju àumbrmm àdmg hmo`. `m ~XbmV gdm V mor>o `mojxmz V ÌkmZmMogwÕm Amho. Information Communication Technology (ICT) À`m dmnamzom ho eš` Pmbo Amho Am{U `m V H$moUVohr Xw V Zmhr. ICT MmM dmna H$ê$Z wšg gmair {eju àumbrmr {Z{ Vr Pmbr AgyZ, yšgà`m mü` mvyz g momvrb gd g wxm`mbm Oo àmbrv {eju nõvrnmgyz Xya Amho qh$dm Á`m Zm àm{bv {eju nõvr ~amo~am AmUIrZ H$mhr {eh$mdo Ago dmq>vo Ë`m gdm gmr>r EH$ Z{dZ {eju àumbr C^r H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. ^mavmmo gü`mmo n ÌàYmZ lr. Za Ð moxr ho {S>{OQ>b B {S>`m, ñh$sb B {S>`m `m gma»`m CnH«$ m Zm àmymý` XoVm Zm {XgVmV `mmrm àmrvr åhuyz mzd {dh$mg Am{U g gmyz Ìmb`mÛmao Mmb{dÊ`mV `oumao ñd` ho AZmoIo Am{U AmJio dojio wšg CnH«$ Amho. wšgûmao g momvrb àë`oh$ KQ>H$mbm {ejumer OmoS>Ê`mMm à`ëz H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. wšg `m {eju àumbrûmao H$em nõvrzo Aä`mgH«$ Mmb{dÊ`mV `ovo Am{U {dúmï`m Zm `mmm $m`xm H$gm hmovmo `mmm Aä`mg H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. wšg {eju nõvrmm Am{U ^mavmvrb ñd` `m wšg nõvrda AmYm[aV CnH«$ mmm Aä`mg `owo H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. wšg (Massive Open Online Courses) : wšg EH$ Am ZbmB Z {eju àumbr AgyZ `mmm w»` CÔoe hm OmñVrV OmñV ZmJ[aH$m Zm, {dúmï`m Zm {eju CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo Vohr mo $V Agm Amho. `m V nma nm[ah$ {eju nõvrzwgma Aä`mg Vm{gH$m, nwñvho$ Va CnbãY AgVmV nu Vo {S>{OQ>b ñdê$nmv åhuoom (Video Lectures, E-Books etc) `m ñdê$nmv Ë`mM à muo H$mhr wšg {eju àumbrv g àofumgmr>r d {dúmwu Am{U {ejh$ `m V g Ýd` gmyê`mgmr>r Chat, Video Conferencing `m gmaio n`m ` XoIrb CnbãY AgVmV. wšg ho Zì`mZo g emoyz H$ê$Z CX`mg Ambobo EH$ ~{hñw {eju nõvrmom EH$ àh$ma Amho. 2006 Ü`o wšg {dh${gv H$aÊ`mV Ambo na Vw e j{uh$ joìmv `mmm mor>çm à mumv dmna 2012 Ü`o H$aÊ`mV Ambm. gü`m H$mhr wšg nõvrv wšv hmvmiur (Open access) gw{dym XoÊ`mV Ambo Amho Ë`mÛmao {dúmwu Am{U {ejh$ ho Ë`m À`m Amdí`H$VoZwgma m{hvr g gmyzmmo qh$dm kmzómoìm Mo ì`dñwmnz H$aVm `ovo. Va H$mhr wšg {eju àumbr ho Ë`m Zr V`ma Ho$boë`m Aä`mg H«$ mmmm n`m ` CnbãY H$aÊ`mV `ovmo. wšg `mmr CËnÎmr Open Education kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 2 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 3

Resource (OER) `m MidirVyZ Pmbobr Amho 2008 Ü`o Dave Cormier (University of Prince Edward) `m À`mÛmao Connectivism and Connective Knowledge (CCK08) `m g X^m V H$aÊ`mV Ambm. CCK08 `m Mo ZoV Ëd George Siemens (Athabasca University) Am{U Stephen Downes (National Research Council) `m À`m Ûmao H$aÊ`mV Ambo `m V 25 {dúmï`m Zm ewëh$ ^ê$z àdoe XoÊ`mV Ambo Va 2200 ~{hñw {dúmï`m Zm {ZewëH$ àdoe XoÊ`mV Ambo. `mv e j{uh$ g gmyzo àm wimzo RSS $ss²g Mm dmna H$ê$Z CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambo. `m V ~{hñw {dúmï`m Zm {eju Am{U {eju g Ýd`H$ `m À`mMr g nh $ gmyê`mgmr>r ãbm J nmoñq>, ys>b, ZoQ> { qq>j `m Mm dmna H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `mbm Stephen Downes ho go Zerb Am{U J{V mz wšg àumbr mzvmv Am{U Vo `mbm cmoocs Ago g ~moyvmv Va AmJmoXa Oo Q>o{bpìhOZ qh$dm {S>{OQ>b Q>oŠg~wŠgÛmao {Xë`m Mmb{dÊ`mV `oumè`m `m wšg àumbr bm xmoocs Ago g ~moyvmv. 2 Img No. 1 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/ MOOCšposteršmathplourde.jpg wšg Mo àh$ma : cmoocs and xmoocs: 1) xmoocs : hm wšg Mm n{hbm àh$ma AgyZ hm àh$ma nma nm[ah$ nõvrvrb {eju àumbrmm ^mj Amho. åhuoom Classroom {eju nõvrzwgma AgyZ `m V pre-recorded video lecture with quizzes, tests, or other assessments `mmm g mdoe AgVmo. xmoocs ho {ejh$ Am{U {dúmwu g wxm` `mnwavmm `m {XV AgyZ Ë`mV ~mhoarb ì`º$szm ñwmz Zmhr. xmoocs ho Duplications da ^a XoVo. xmoocs ho AmYw{ZH$ {eju nõvrer OmoS>Ur `m à wi VËdmda AmYm[aV AgyZ {d{dy {dúm{nr>mûmao Mmb{dÊ`mV `oumè`m wšg `m {eju àumbrmo `m V g mdoe hmovo. `m nõvrv OmñV àh$mamo H$å`w{ZHo$e Qy>ëg CnbãY ZgVmV VgoM `m V AmonZ H$må`w{ZQ>r Mm g mdoe ZgVmo. `m V amoo OmñVrV OmñV àh$mao Aä`mgH«$ nyu H$aÊ`mda ^a {Xbm OmVmo. Aem àh$mamo H$mog Coursera, EdX, Udacity, Open2Study, and NovoEd. `owo CnbãY AmhoV.3 2) cmoocs : hm wšg Mm Xwgam Am{U gü`m àm{bv Agbobm àh$ma AgyZ hm àh$ma go Zerb Am{U J{V mz Amho. `m Ü`o ZoQ>dH $À`m XVrZo mor>çm à mumv OZg wxm` EH$Ì AmUVm `ovmo. `m V {dúmwu, {ejh$, g Ýd`H$ hogwõm Amdí`H$ m{hvrmr XodmZ KodmU H$ê$ eh$vmv. `mv $ŠVg ñwm A VJ V {dúmï`mªzmm Zìho Va ~mhoarb ì`º$szmgwõm àdoe {Xbm OmVmo. `m V H$å`w{ZHo$e Am{U m{hvrmo AmXmZ àxmz `m da Iyn mor>çm à mumda ^a {Xbm OmVmo. `m Ü`o blogs, wikis, social media platforms Mm Iyn mor>çm à mumv dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. cmoocs hm àm w»`mzo kmz {Z{ Vrda ^a XoVmo (Focused on Knowledge Creation and Generation) 4 wšg Mo $m`xo (Objective of Massive Open Online Courses) : 1) gdm gmr>r {eju (Education to -ll) : `m {eju àumbrv g momvrb H$moUË`mhr ñvamdarb Am{U H$moUË`mhr djm Vrb ì`º$s hm {eju KoD$ eh$vmo `m gmr>r H$moUVohr ~ YZ Zmhr. 2) ^m Jmo{bH$ Am{U doiomo ~ YZ Zmhr (No Restriction if Geographical Areas and Time): {h {eju àumbr {h nyu nuo Am ZbmB Z nõvrmr AgyZ `mbm ^m Jmo{bH$ `m Xm Zmhr. H$moUVmhr ì`º$s H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUmhÿZ H$moUË`mhr jur `mûmao {eju KoD$ eh$vo. CXm. A o[ah$m qh$dm BVa kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 4 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 5

H$moUË`mhr XoemÀ`m {dúmnrr>mûmao wšg A VJ V {ejuh«$ CnbãY AgVrb Va Vwåhr Amnë`m XoemVyZgwÕm àdoe KoD$ eh$vmv. H$moUVrhr ^m Jmo{bH$ `m Xm Zmhr. 5 3) Am{W H$arË`m $m`xoera (Economically Beneficial) : wšg {eju àumbrûmao {Xbo OmUmao {eju ho H$mhr {R>H$mUr mo $V Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr gdbvrà`m XamV CnbãY AgVmV. VgoM àdoe KoVë`m Z Va Ka ~gë`m ~gë`mm `mmm Aä`mg H$aVm `ovmo. Ë`m wio àdmg IM, {eju ewëh$, narjm ewëh$, dg{vj h ewëh$ `m da hmoumam IM bmjv Zmhr. 4) AÚ`mdV d ñnym Ë H$ e j{uh$ CnH«$ (Competitive and Digital Education Sytem) : `m {ejunõvr Ûmao AZoH$ àh$mamo Aä`mgH«$ {dúmï`m Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo OmVo Vohr AmYw{ZH$ {eju nõvrûmao `m wio {dúmï`m Zm Mm Jë`m àh$mao {eju CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo OmVo OoUo H$ê$Z {d`mwu hm AmOÀ`m ñnym Ë H$ `wjmv ñdvmmo ApñVËd {Z m U H$ê$ eh$vmo. VgoM `mûmao {S>{OQ>b {eju nõvrg MmbZm { ivo Am{U {dúmwu ho OmJ{VH$ nmvirmo {eju nõvrmo AZwH$aU H$ê$ eh$vmv. 5) ng Vrda AmYm[aV lo`m H$ nõvr (Choice Based Credit System): AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVrb `m {eju nõvrv {dúmï`m Zm Ë`m À`m AmdS>rZwgma {df` {ZdS>Ê`mMr w^m `owo CnbãY AgyZ. H$moUË`mhr nwdm Zw^dmMr AWdm e j{uh$ nmìvomr AQ> qh$dm {df`mmo ~ YZ Zmhr, Ë`m wio H$moUË`mhr emiomm {dúmwu H$moUË`mhr Aä`mg H«$ mg àdoe KoD$ eh$vmo. 6) ^mfomr {ZdS> (Language Selection) : `m V {dúmwu hm Ë`m À`m ng VrÀ`m ^mfomr {ZdS> Aä`mgH«$ mgmr>r H$ê$ eh$vmo. 7) AZoH$ bmoh$m Zm EH$Ì AmUVm `ovo (Brings Peoples Together): `m {eju àumbrv {d{dy XoemVrb, {d{dy {df`mvrb, {d{dy ñvamvrb {dúmwu, {ejh$ Am{U {eju g Ýd`H$ EH$Ì `ovmv Am{U Mm Jë`m àh$mamo e j{uh$ g wxm` V`ma H$aVm `ovo. 8) AZoH$ àh$mamo e j{uh$ ómov (Distributed Learning Resource): `m {eju àumbrv {ejumgmr>r AZoH$ àh$mamo ñvmoì CnbãY AgVmV Ë`mV àm w»`mzo Audio / Video resources, E-book, E-Journals, Databases etc. VgoM {ejh$, {eju g Ýd`H$ Am{U {dúmwu `mà`mv g àofumgmr>r Chat, Video conferencing, Blogs BË`mXrMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. wšgmr H$m`} nõvr (Role of Massive Open Online Courses): 1) {d{dy Aä`mg H«$ mmr amzm (Design of Different Courses): `m {ejuàumbrûmao {d{dy Aä`mgH«$ o V`ma Ho$br OmVo Am{U Ë`mVyZ g momvrb gd KQ>H$mZm e j{uh$ {dh$ën CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo OmVo. Aä`mgH«$ m Mr amzm H$aVmZm Ë`mMr Cn`wŠVVm, Cn`mo{OVm `mmm {dmma Ho$bm OmVmo Am{U {df`vkmà`m XVrZo Aä`mgH«$ V`ma Ho$bm OmVmo. 2) Vk bmoh$mmm g yh (Group of Experts) : Aä`mgH«$ mmr amzm Ho$ë`mZ Va Ë`m Aä`mgH«$ m gmr>r mj Xe Z H$aÊ`mH$arVm Vk bmoh$m Mm g yh V`ma Ho$bm OmVmo `m V àm w»`mzo IIT. IIM², University Professors, Central Government Institutions Experts `mmm g mdoe hmovmo. 3) Aä`mgH«$ mmm H$mbmdYr (Duration of Courses): VkmMr {ZdS> Ho$ë`mZ Va Ë`m À`m gëë`mzo Ë`m Aä`mgH«$ mmm H$mbmdYr, Vm{gH$m Mm doi Am{U g»`m {H$Vr Agob VgoM narjm Ho$ìhm Am{U H$ûm`m ñdénmmr Agob `m gd ~m~r R>a{dÊ`mV `ovmv d Ë`mZwgma Ë`m Aä`mg H$ m Mo {d{dy dj Am`mo{OV Ho$bo OmVo. 4) Aä`mgH«$ gm J«r (Course material) : `m {eju nõvrûmao Mmb{dÊ`mV `oumè`m Aä`mgH«$ mgmr>r Aä`mgH«$ gm J«r XoIrb CnbãY H$aÊ`mV `ovo OoUo H$ê$Z {dúmï`m Zm Aä`mgmgmR>r XV hmovo. `m Aä`mgH«$ gm J«rV Audio / Video Lectures, Practical's, Power Point Presentations, PDF files, BË`mXrMm g mdoe hmovmo. 5) àdoe à{h$`m (Enrollment Process): Aä`mg H«$ mmr {Z{ Vr, Vkm Mr {Z`wº$s Am{U Ë`m Aä`mg H«$ mmm H$mbmdYr R>a{dë`mZ Va àdoe à{h«$`m gwé Ho$br OmVo g momvrb {d{dy ñvamdarb {dúmï`m Zm `m V àdoe {Xbm OmVmo. `m V {dúmwu g»`mmr `m Xm Agmdr {H$dm Zmhr `mmmgwõm {ZU ` Ho$bm OmVmo. àdo{ev {dúmï`m Zm ñdv Ì Am`S>r. nmgds> {Xbm OmVmo `mmm dmna Vo Aä`mgH«$ nyu H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$aVmV. kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 6 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 7

6) Aä`mg Vm{gH$m (Lectures) : àdoe à{h«$`m nyu Pmë`mda Ë`m Ë`m Aä`mgH«$ mgmr>rmo Aä`mg Vm{gH$m Mo {Z`moOZ Ho$bo OmVo. `m V EHy$U {H$Vr Vm{gH$m AgVrb H$moUË`m {Xder AgVrb bmbìh Agob H$m amoh$m as>os> Agob `m Mo nyu {Z`moOZ Ho$bo OmVo. `m V J hnmr>mmr d àmë`m{jh$mmr g»`m {H$Vr AgVrb d Vo Ho$ìhm Am{U H$go O m H$amdo bmjvrb `m gdm Mm g mdoe AgVmo. 7) narjomo {Z`moOZ Am{U {ZH$mb (Exam and Results) : Aä`mg Vm{gH$m, J hnmr> {H$dm nmë`m{jho$ nyu Pmë`mda narjm KoÊ`mV `ovo gxa narjm {h Am ZbmB Z nõvrmr AgyZ `mmm {ZH$mbgwÕm bjomm bmdê`mv `ovmo. ñd` (Swayam) : ^mavr` mzd g gmyz Am{U {dh$mg Ìmb`mÛmao ñd` `m CnH«$ mmr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m mjo VrZ à wi C{Ôï>o hmovr Vr åhuoo gdm Zm {eju, gdm Mm gh^mj Am{U Cƒ XOm Mo {eju. na Vw `m wio g momv XmoZ JQgwÕm {Z m U hmoê`mmr ^rvr Amho Ë`mn H$s n{hbm JQ> åhuoo Oo `m nõvrmo {eju KoD$ eh$vmv H$maU Ë`mgmR>rMo gd Amdí`H$ gw{dym Ë`m À`mH$S>o CnbãY Amho Am{U Xwgam JQ> åhuoo Á`m Zm `m gw{dym CnbãY Zgë`m wio Vo `mmm bm^ KoD$ eh$v Zmhr Agm JQ>. ñd` `m CnH«$ mv embo` {ejumnmgyz åhuoom 9 dr À`m djm nmgyz Va nxì`wîma {ejuh«$ mgmr>r Mo {d{dy Aä`mgH«$ CnbãY Amho. ñd` CnH«$ mv gh^mjr AgUmao {dúmwu Am{U BVa ì`švr ho H$moUË`mhr jur, H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUmhÿZ Aä`mgH«$ nyu H$ê$ eh$vmv Vohr {ZewëH$. ñd` Ûmao V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Aä`mgH«$ ho ^mavmvrb g ~ {YV {df`mvrb VkmÛmao V`ma H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV Ambo Amho Odinmg 1000 hÿz OmñV VkmMm `m V g mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. `m Aä`mgH«$ m Ü`o Mma àh$mamo w»` ^mj Amho Vo åhuoo (1) ÑH$lmì` Vm{gH$m (video lectures) (2) VkmÛmao V`ma H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV Ambobo dmmz gm{hë` (Reading Material) S>mD$ZbmoS> Am{U qàq> gw{dygh (3) AmË narjumgmr>r MmMUr narjm Am{U àíz Owfm (4) H$mhr e H$m {H$dm àe {dmmaê`mgmr>r Am ZbmB Z MMm M. Aem àh$mao ñd` `m CnH«$ mûao wšgmr gw{dym CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho. V ÌkmZmMm Mm Jë`m àh$mao Cn`moJ H$ê$Z Cƒ XOm Mo {eju CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r ñd` Mr {Z{ Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. 6 ñd` Ûmao Mmb{dÊ`mV `oumè`m Aä`mgH«$ mgmr>rmr Aä`mg gm J«r V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmv g ñwmmr Ë`m À`m Aä`mgH«$ mgmr>r g Ýd`H$ åhuyz {Z`wº$s H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. 7 `m g ñwmmm Vnerb nmhþ`m. Sr.No National MOOCs Sectors Coordinator 1 University Grants Non Technology Commission (UGC) Post Graduations 2 NPTEL Technical / Engineering UG PG degree programme. 3 Consortium for Non Teaching Under Educational Graduation Degree Communication Program. 4 IGNOU Diploma and Certificates 5 NCERT 9th to 12th std 6 NIOS Open Education 9th to 12th std 7 CEC For Undergraduate Education Table No 1 Source http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/download/moocs.pdf ñd` Ûmao {d{dy ñvamdarb Aä`mgH«$ CnbãY Amho CXm, embo` ñvamnmgyz Va nxì`wîma {ejuh«$ mn` V Ë`mMm Vnerb nmhþ`m.9 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 8 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 9

(Programe Category of SW-Y-M² as on 26 Mar 2017) Sr. No Level No of Courses 1 School 20 2 Certificate 08 3 Diploma 02 4 Under Graduate 137 5 Post Graduate 177 Table No 2 Source https://swayam.gov.in/home ñd` A VJ V {d{dy kmz emiomo Aä`mgH«$ CnbãY Amho Ë`mMm g{dñva Vnerb nwt>rb VŠË`mV nmhþ`m.10 (Subject wise Category of SW-Y-M² as on 26 Mar 2017) Sr. No Subject 1 Engineering 203 2 Science 39 3 Humanities 35 4 Management 20 5 Language 15 6 Mathematics 10 7 Arts and Recreation 09 8 Commerce 09 9 General 02 10 Library 02 11 Education 01 No of Courses Table No 3 Source https://swayam.gov.in/publiccourse {ZîH$f : wšg (Massive Open Online Course) {eju àumbr {h AmYw{ZH$ {eju nõvrgmr>r EH$ daxmz Amho, `mûmao g momvrb àë`oh$ KQ>H$ hm Cƒ {eju àmá H$ê$Z Amnbo OrdZ `eñdr H$ê$ eh$vmo. wšg `m {eju àumbrda AmYm[aV {ejunõvr ñd` {h ^mavr` mzd g gmyz Am{U {dh$mg Ìmb`mÛmao V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr AgyZ {h Amnë`m gdm gmr>r Jdm Mr ~m~ Amho. `m {ejunõvrûmao {dúmwu Am{U {eju KoD$ BÀN>rUmao BVa gm mý` ZmJ[aH$gwÕm {eju KoD$Z gmja Am{U H$m eë`mymarv hmod$ eh$vmv. wšgûmao OZgm mý`mzm Am{W H$ $m`xmgwõm hmovm Zm {XgVmo VgoM {ejumvrb AmajU d gdbvr `m gma»`m àízmmm {VT>mgwÕm `mûmao gwq>vmzm {XgV Amho. wšg {h Am ZbmB Z {ejuàumbr Agë`m wio mor>çm à mumv emgzmmm e j{uh$ ~m~tda hmoumam IM gwõm dmmv Amho. CXm. àdoe ` ÌUm Am{U narjm ` ÌUm `m XmoZ ~m~tda emgzmbm Iyn mor>m IM H$amdm bmjvmo VmogwÕm `owo dmmvmzm {XgVmo. wšg {eju àumbr Am{U Ë`mVyZ {Z m U Pmbobo ñd` gmaio CnH«$ ho H$moUË`mhr Xoembm gmjavoh$s>o ZoÊ`mg Iyn Cn`wŠV R>aVo. XoemV ñd` gma»`m AmUIrZ CnH«$ mmr JaO Amho. {e $maer : gxa {df`m~ôb H$mhr {e $maer H$amdogo dmq>vo Ë`m {e $maer nwt>rb à muo Amho. 1) wšg~ôb AmUIrZ OZOmJ Vr H$aÊ`mMr JaO emgzmbm Am{U e j{uh$ g ñwobm Amho. 2) gd gm mý` ZmJ[aH$m ZrgwÕm `mmm OmñVrV OmñV bm^ `mdm. 3) {dúmnrr> ñvamdagwõm Aem Aä`mgH«$ mmr gwédmv H$aÊ`mV `mdr. 4) J«m ru ^mjvgwõm `m gmr>r bmjum-`m g gmyzmmr CXm. g JUH$, BÝQ>aZoQ> H$ZoŠeZ `m Mr gw{dym H$aÊ`mV `mdr. 5) Á`m {R>H$mUr g JUH$, B Q>aZoQ> H$ZoŠeZ Aem godm CnbãY ZgVrb Ë`m {R>H$mUr gmd O{ZH$ J«Wmb`mMr XV KoD$Z VoWo Ago g gmyz CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV `mdo. g X^ : 1) http://baliramkamble.blogspot.in/2016/04/blog-post.html visited on 24th Mar 2017 Time 11.10 am 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/massivešopenšonlinešcourse visited on 24th Mar 2017 Time 11.30 am 3) http://blogs.onlineeducation.touro.edu/distinguishing-betweencmoocs-and-xmoocs visited on 24th Mar 2017 Time 01.10 pm kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 10 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 11

4) http://www.tonybates.ca/2014/10/13/comparing-xmoocs-andcmoocs-philosophy-and-practice visited on 24th Mar 2017 Time 02.10 pm 5) https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-advantages-moocsbenefits-from-them-siyana-sokolova visited on 24th Mar 2017 Time 07.10 pm 6) https://swayam.gov.in/-bout visited on 25th Mar 2017 Time 09.10 pm 7) http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/download/moocs.pdf visited on 25th Mar 2017 Time 09.30 am 8) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/ MOOCšposteršmathplourde.jpg visited on 26th Mar 2017 Time 12.10 pm 9) https://swayam.gov.in/home visited on 26th Mar 2017 Time 04.15 pm 10) https://swayam.gov.in/publiccourse visited on 26th Mar 2017 Time 06.10 pm ^mavmvrb e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o : AmìhmUo Am{U g Yr lr. amooe Hw$_ma nm S>o` ghm`h$ J«Wnmb lr bmb ~hmxþa emór amï >r` g ñh $V {dúmnrr> Zdr {X r. rajeshpandey@slbsrsv.ac.in AZw. Aê$U {^. h ~S}> H${Z{ð> J«Wmb` ghmæ`h$, kmz ómov H $Ð, ñdm² r am mz X VrW amr>dms>m {dúmnrr>, Zm XoS>. AZw. au{ov Jmo. Y m nwarh$a m{hvr emñík, kmz ómov H $Ð, ñdm r am mz X VrW amr>dms>m {dúmnrr>, Zm XoS>. gmam e : e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o hr e j{uh$ g ñwomo A{Ve` hîdmmm d A{d^mÁ` KQ>H$ AmhoV. {eju d à{eju g ñwm Yrb hîdmà`mm KS>m mos>tmm {dh$mg `mûmao Ho$bm OmVmo. Aem àh$mamr J«Wmb`o hr EImÚm g ñwoer H$m` g b¾ AgVmV. CXm. emim, hm{dúmb`o, {dúmnrr>o VgoM Cƒ e j{uh$ ñdm`îmm g ñwm, BË`mXr. na Vw gxarb boim Ü`o $ŠV CƒW e j{uh$ g ñwovrb J«Wmb`m da àh$me Q>mH$Ê`mMm à`ëz H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Ü`o {dúmnrr>mà`m J«Wmb`mbm {dúmnrr>mmo öx` åhuyz g ~moybo OmVo. gmymauv: gd àw `m dmš`mmm dmna hmd S> {dúmnrr>mmo AÜ`j (1869-1909) Mmëg {dë`m B {b`q> `m Zr Ho$bobm AmnUmg nmhmd`mg { ivmo. {dúmnrr> {eju Am`moJ (1948-49) à{gõ {dmmad V d ^mav XoemMo àw Cnamï nvr S>m. amymh $îu Z `m À`mV AÜ`jVoImbr ñwmnz H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`m Zr AhdmbmVrb àh$au 4 Ü`o J«Wmb`mMo kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 12 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 13

hîd AJXr ñnï>nuo m S>bo Amho Vo Ago H$s "J«Wmb`o hr gd {dúmnrr>mvrb H$m`m Mo öx` Amho. g emoyz H$m`m er g ~ YrV àë`jnuo d e j{uh$ H$m`m gmr>r AàË`jnUo J«Wmb`o XV H$aV AgVmV. g emoyz H$m`m wio Aem g ñwomo OrdZ mz R>aVo d Ë`m Zm EH$ {deof hîd àmá hmovo. Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ñï>rH$moZ : ^mavr` {eju àumbrmr gwê$dmv d {XH$ H$mimnmgyZ Pmbr Amho. Voìhm Vm S>r nõvrzo (lwvr na nam) kmz XmZmMr na nam Jwê$H$Sy>Z {eî`m Zm XoÊ`mV `ov Ago. Ë`modoir {eî` kmz J«hU H$ê$Z gmr>dyu R>odV AgV. piñvnyd 700 Vo 300 gmbr Vj{ebm åhuyz A{Ve` à{gõ Ago {ejummo R>rH$mU hmovo. na Vw d {XH$ H$mir Hw$R>ohr J«Wmb`o ApñVrÎdmV Agë`mMm nwamdm gmns>bobm Zmhr. à{gõ Mm`ZrO ~wõrñq gmyy $m-hoz `m Zr OmoamdZm m ÝQ>ogar `owo 400 B.g. nyd gmbr J«Wmb`o ApñVÎdmV Agë`m~m~V C oi Ho$bm Amho. Zmb Xm `m A{Ve` à{gõr Agboë`m à{eju H $ÐmV 300 Vo 850 B. g. nyd gmbr A{Ve` ^ì` Ago J«Wmb` ApñVÎdmV hmovo Ë`mbm "Y J O' Ago g ~moybo OmVo. `m J«Wmb`m Ü`o $ma mor>çm à mumv VÎdkmZ, Y, ì`mh$au, V Ì, dm S>. µ`, dox, doxm V, Ord, Á`moVrfemó `m {df`m da dmmzgm{hë` d hñv{bpivo hmovr. {dh«$ {ebm, AmoXm Vnyar, gmo nyar, CO Z, d d^h$m Mr, {Wbr, BË`mXr AZoH$ {ejummr H $Ðo hmovr Am{U øm gdm Ü`o A{Ve` Mm Jë`m àh$mamr J«Wmb`o ApñVÎdmV hmovr Á`m Ü`o hpñv{bpivo d N>mnrb ñdê$nmvrb gm{hë` gmr>dyu R>odÊ`mV Ambo hmovo. Ü` VarÀ`m H$mimV wkb gm «má`mmm CX` Pmbm. H$mhr amoh$s` KS>m mos>t wio Z{dZ J«Wmb`o ApñVÎdmV Amë`mMm Hw$R>bmhr nwamdm nhmd`mg { iv Zmhr. ~«Q>re gm «má`m Ü`o AZoH$ g{ Ë`m d Am`moJmMr doimodoir ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m m $V {d{dy {dúmnrr>o d hm{dúmb`o ñwmnz H$ê$Z A{Ve` Mm Jë`m àh$mao e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o {dh${gv H$aÊ`mMm à`ëz Ho$bm. 1857 gmbr b S>Z {dúmnrr>mà`m YVuda Ðmg, H$bH$Îmm d w ~B `owo {dúmnrr>m Mr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. dojdojiçm g{ Ë`m CXm. h Q>a (1882), arboj (1902), g S>ba qh$dm H$bH$Îmm {dúmnrr> Am`moJ (1917) Abmhm~mX (1887), nmq>um (1917), Cñ m{z`m (1918), {X r (1922), BË`mXr R>rH$mUr {dúmnrr>m Mr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m~amo~am {dúmnrr>m Ü`o d {d{dy hm{dúmb`m V Mm Jë`m (àh$mamr J«Wmb`o C^maÊ`mV Ambr. `m doir EH$ bjmv KoÊ`m OmoJm nwamdm ^mavr` {dúmnrr> Am`moJmZo e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m g ~ Yr m S>bm hmovm Vmo åhuoo "CÎm Ago g X^ J«W hm{dúmb`o d {dúmnrr>m Zr CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo nm{hoo OoUoH$ê$Z {dúmï`mªzm ñdmv Ì d CÎm dmmzmmr gd` bmjob'. ñdmv Í`m Z VaMr pñwvr ^mav XoemV ñdmv Í`mZ Va {dúmnrr> J«Wmb`m À`m {dh$mgmmr gwê$dmv S>m. gd n r amymh $îuz `m À`m AÜ`jVoImbr {dúmnrr> {eju Am`moJmÀ`m 1948-49 gmbr ñwmnz Pmboë`m Am`moJmÀ`m A b~omdurnmgyz Pmbr. àw M øm Am`moJmZo e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m H$S>o bj doyv A{Ve` R>iH$nUo dojdojiçm n by da {e $maer m S>ë`m AmhoV. `mv dm{f H$ AZwXmZ, J«Wmb` H$ Mmar d Ë`m Mo g KQ>Z, H$m mmo Vmg, wšvûma nõvr d BVa ~m~tda àh$me Q>mH$Ê`mV Ambm Amho. Cƒ {ejummr JaO d hîd bjmv KodyZ, {d{dy àízm Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Cƒ {ejumgmr>r Mm H$Q> V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÚoemZo 1953 gmbr {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJmMr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m ñdm` Îm g ñwoà`m Ama ^mnmgyzm e j{uh$ g ñwm Vrb {dúmnrr> d hm{dúmb`mvrb J«Wmb`m À`m {dh$mgmà`m~m~v EH$ hîdmmr ^y{ H$m KoVbobr {XgyZ `ovo. {dúmnrr> d hm{dúmb`m Ü`o J«Wmb`m Mr ^y{ H$m AË` V hîdmmr Amho ho Am`moJmbm H$iyZ MwH$bo hmovo, åhuyz Ë`m Zr ^mavr` J«Wmb` emómmo OZH$ Am{U n«{gõ J«Wnmb S>m. a JZmWZ `m À`m AÜ`jVoImbr EH$m g{ VrMr ñwmnzm Ho$br. gxarb g{ VrMm Ahdmb 1959 gmbr {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJmZo àh$m{ev Ho$bm. `mv Ë`m Zr dojdojiçm e j{uh$ g ñwovrb {dúmnrr> d hm{dúmb`rz J«Wmb`mÀ`m gwymauogmr>r d {dh$mgmgmr>r ~aom {Z` gwmdbo hmovo. hm Ahdmb nõvera d àm m{uh$ à`ëz H$ê$Z V`ma Ho$bobm Agë`m wio kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 14 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 15

Ë`mV ^mavmvrb J«Wmb`mÀ`m {dh$mgmgmr>r d ^{dî`mvrb `moozm gmr>r mj Xe H$ VÎdo V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmovr. `mmm Cn`moJ {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJ d ^mav gah$magmr>r Pmbm. `m~amo~am e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mÀ`m {dh$mgmà`m Ñï>rZo AmUIr EH$ hîdmmo nmd$b 1964 gmbr S>m. H$moR>mar `m À`mM AÜ`jVoImbr ñwmnz Pmboë`m e j{uh$ Am`moJmZo Q>mH$ë`m Jobo. 1966 gmbr gmxa Ho$boë`m `m AhdmbmV dojdoji`m àh$maà`m AQ>r d {e $maer H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJ d e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o : {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJ hr EH$ ñdm`îm g ñwm AgyZ S>rg ~a 1953 gmbr ñwmnz Pmboë`m `m Am`moJmbm 1956 gmbr ^mavr` H$m`ÚmÝd`o Oyar XoÊ`mV Ambr. gwê$dmvrnmgyzm {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJ {dúmnrr> d hm{dúmb`rz J«Wmb`mÀ`m {dh$mgmgmr>r ^m {VH$ gmob, g{dym, J«W d {Z`VH$m{bHo$ IaoXrgmR>r, J«Wmb` g JUH$sH$aU d BVa H$m`m H$arVm ^ard ghh$m` H$aVo. `m~amo~amo {d{eï> H$mbmdYrÀ`m A VamZo dojdoji`m g{ Ë`m d Am`moJ ñwmnz H$ê$Z e j{uh$ gwymauogmr>r Cƒ {eju joìmv d e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mÀ`m {dh$mgmgmr>r à`ëz H$aVo. {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJmZo 1991 gmbr J«Wmb`m À`m {dh$mgmgmr>r e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m À`m d g ñwm À`m {dh$mgmgmr>r Cƒ {eju joìmv BÝ $br~zoq>mr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. BÝ $Vbr~ZoQ> Am{U e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o : BÝ $Vbr~ZoQ>bm e j{uh$ d g emoyz joìmvrb EH$ hîdnyu g ñwmm åhuyz AmoiIbo OmVo. BÝ $Mbr~ZoQ> ho {dúmnrr> AZwXmZ Am`moJmZo ñwmnz Ho$bobo Am Va{dÚmnrR> H $Ð AgyZ Ë`mMr ñwmnzm 1991 gmbr Jm YrZJa JwOamV `owo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. BÝ $br~zoq> m $V gvv J«Wmb`m À`m AmYw{ZH$sH$aU d {dh$mgmgmr>r à`ëz Ho$bo OmVmV `mv amï >r` ñvamdarb {dúmnrr>o d hm{dúmb`rz J«Wmb`m Mo g JUH$sH$aU H$aUo, N>mnrb g gmyzm Mo S>rOrQ>m`PoeZ H$aUo, AmkmdbtMr {Z uvr VgoM à{eju, H$ÝgmoJ{g `mìxmh$ao {Z`VH$m{bH$m Mr dj Ur ^auo VgoM ^mavmvrb e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Mo ZoQ>dH$sªJÛmao hm{dúmb`o d {dúmnrr> J«Wmb`rZ gm{hë`mmr XodmU-KodmU H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ëz Ho$bo OmV AgVmV. BÝ $sbr~zoq> m $V gmob (Software for University Library - SOUL) ZmdmMo J«Wmb` ì`dñwmh$nzmà`m g JUH$s` àumbrmr {Z uvr H$ê$Z Ë`m À`m gxñ` J«Wmb`m Zm Vr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho. `m~amo~am emoyj Jm hm ^mavmvrb {dúmnrr>m Ûmao àxmz H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m à~ Ym Mm S>mQ>m~og V`ma H$ê$Z CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. `mv {X. 16.12.2016 n`ªv ^mavmvrb 280 {dúmnrr>mvrb Odinmg 115346 à~ YmMm S>mQ>m~og CnbãY Amho. `m~amo~am Ë`m Zr amï >ro` g K Vm{bH$mhr ñwmnz Ho$br Amho. `mv ^mavmvrb {dúmnrr>r` J«Wmb`mVrb CnbãY gm{hë`mmr gymr{df`h$ Zm X V`ma H$ê$Z 178 {dúmnrr>mv Agboë`m 13 { br`z J«Wm Mm S>mQ>m~og CnbãY Amho. H$Ýgmoa{e`m A VJ V emoyqgyy hm B OZ b g~ñh«$sh$ßezmm àh$ën ^mav gah$maà`m mzd g gmyz {dh$mg Ìmb`m A VJ V BÝ $gbr~zoq>ûmao Mm Jë`m àh$mao am~{dê`mv `ov Amho. `mv 15 homa nojm OmñV {Z`VH$m{bHo$ 3153000 nojm OmñVJ B ~wšg $ CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. amï >r` kmz Am`moJ d e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o amï >r` kmz Am`moJ ho EH$ CƒñVar` S>i AgyZ Vo n VàYmZm Zm g m XoÊ`mMo H$m` H$aVo. ho S>i 13 OyZ 2005 amoor H $Ð gah$mazo ñwmnz Ho$bo Amho. amï >r` kmz Am`moJmZo e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mbm m{hvr Am{U kmzmmo H $Ð VgoM amï >r`/omjvrh$ kmzmmo Ûmha åhuyz g ~moybo Amho. amï >r` kmz Am`moJmMo Ago R>m V Amho H$s H$m` j Am{U à^mdr e j{uh$ J«Wmb` àumbr, `m kmzmmm àumbr Ü`o A wbmj«^m {VH$ ~Xb H$ê$Z, OrdZ {df`h$ m{hvr d g Mma V ÌkmZmV EH$ hîdmmr ^y{ H$m dr>dyz ^mav Xoembm kmzmymarv g mom Ü`o ê$nm VarV H$aVrb. kmzmg ~ YrMo gd CÔrï> d Ü`o` e j{uh$ J«Wmb` àumbrbm à^mdrnuo am~{dê`mgmr>r amï >r` kmz Am`moJ XV H$aVo. EH$ Ñï>rZo nmhrë`mg kmzmà`m nmm AdñWm AmnUmg {XgyZ `ovmv. `mv kmz emoy, kmz g H$ënoZm, kmz {Z uvr, kmzmmm dmna, Am{U Mm Jë`m kmzmà`m godm Mm {dh$mg. amï >r` kmz Am`moJmZo kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 16 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 17

J«Wmb`mgmR>r e j{uh$ J«Wmb` àumbrà`r nma nmarh$ nõrvrv gwymaum H$aÊ`mgmR>r A wbmj«aem gymzm Ho$ë`m AmhoV. Ë`m Zr J«Wmb`mgmR>r Ho$boë`m gd gymzm Mm narnyu Ahdmb m. n VàYmZm Zm mm 2009 Ü`o gmxa Ho$bm Amho. `mda H $Ð emgzmzo A{Ve` àm m{uh$nuo nmcb CMbV J«Wmb`mgmR>r amï >r` { ezmr {Z uvr H$ê$Z `mñï>rzo EH$ nmcb Q>mH$bo Amho. e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Mr àñvyvvm : à{gõ AO]{Q>H$ boih$ Am{U {dmmad V OmO bwb g ~moj}g `m Zr åhq>bo Amho H$s, r gvv H$ënZm H$aVmo H$s ñdgj hm EImÚm J«Wmb`mgmaIm Agob. Ooìhm AmnU ^mavmvrb e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mH$S>o nmhvmo V ìhm hr g H$ënZm A{Ve` g n H$ dmq>vo Cƒ {ejumg ~ YrV Am b B S>r`m gd}à`m 5 ì`m AhdmbmZwgma (2014-15) ^mavmv 760 {dúmnrr>o (`mv gd Ho$Ðr`, amá`, S>r S> d ImOJr ), 38498 hm{dúmb`o Am{U 12276 ñdm`îm e j{uh$ g ñwm AmhoV. `m~amo~am ho gd}ju 34.2 { br`z Zm XUrYmaH$ d 14, 73, 255 {ejh$ (àmü`mnh$, gh`mojr àmü`mnh$, ghmæ`h$ àmü`mnh$ d BVa ) Xe dvo. `mgd e j{uh$ g ñwm Ü`o Ë`m Mr ñdv Ì J«Wmb`o AmhoV. Oo mor>`m à mumda Agboë`m e j{uh$, g emoyz d Cn^moŠË`m À`m / g emoyh$m À`m JaOm mor>`m à mumda nyu H$aÊ`mgmR>r VgoM n`m `mzo Ë`m À`m g ñwoà`m Ü`o` d CÔrï>nyVugmR>r gvv à`ëzerb AgVmV. Ë`m wio `mv `VqH$MrVhr e H$m Zmhr H$s e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o H$em àh$mao {ejumbm d g emoyzmbm XV H$aVmV. kmz, kmzmmm d m{hvrmm mjmodm KoVm Zm EImXo {d{eï>$ago ì`mgnrr> {eju d g emoyzmbm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV. e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mVrb A wbmj«~xb : e j{uh$ J«Wmb`o Ë`m À`m A{YZñV hm{dúmb`mvrb AWdm {dúmnrr>mvrb g emoyh$m À`m JaOm nyu H$ê$Z e j{uh$ d g emoyzmmm w»`$ CÔoe gmü` Z H$aÊ`mmgmR>r XV H$aVmV. kmzmmm I{OZm d m{hvrmo dojdojio ómov `m wio e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Zm d J«Wnmbm Zm ZdZ{dZ mj emoyyz Ë`mÛmao Amnë`m dmmh$m À`m JaOm nyu H$aÊ`mgmR>r dojdoji`m mzh$m da AmYmarV godm Úmì`m bmjv AmhoV. `mv {deofv: kmz {Z uvr d kmz ì`dñwmnz, gvv ZdZ{dZ do~ AmYmarV V ÌkmZmMm emoy, m{hvr d g Mma V ÌkmZmMo gmxarh$au, Iwë`m do~ g gmyzm Mr CnbãYVm, VgoM àm S> Aem m{hvrmm emoy, CnbãYVm d à{vàmár H$er H$amdr `mmo hîd (CXm. JwJb dê$z H$er m{hvr `mdr) Aem àh$mao dmmh$m À`m ~XbË`m JaOm Am{U Ë`m nyu H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m À`m mjur d Anojm `m~amo~am J«Wmb`o Am{U Ë`m Mr YmoaUo R>adUmao g{ Vr `m Zm `m Z{dZ mjurzwgma d V ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z Amnë`m godm Ü`o `mo½` Ë`m àh$mao ~Xb H$aUo d CÎm XOm Mr d JaOoà muo godm XoUo Amdí`H$ Pmbo Amho. ^{dî`mvrb AmìhmZo Am{U g Yr : H$Xm{MV JwJb d `m~amo~am BVahr AZoH$ Am ZbmB Z g gmyzo ho `j àíz ~ZyZ e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mg moa C^o AmhoV. e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m~ÔbMr {dídm gmh Vm d H$m` åhuyz AmnU J«Wmb`rZ H$ À`mè`m Zr d J«Wnmbm Zr dojdojio mj emoyuo Amdí`H$ Amho, Ogo Zm{dÊ`nyU nõvrmr emoy àh«$s`m am~duo, m{hvrà`m JaOm À`m> gmxarh$aummo hîd Am{U eodq>à`m dmmh$m Mr Anojm d JaO `mmm {dmma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. J«Wg J«hmMm {dh$mg `mv J«W, {Z`VH$m{bHo$ VgoM B g gmyzo, OwÝ`m godm Mo ZwVZrH$aU VgoM Z{dZ godm Mr {Z uvr qh$dm dmmh$m À`m JaOoZwgma Á`m godm CnbãY AmhoV Ë`m nwaduo d dmmh$m À`m JaOm ^mjduo. Aem `m pñwvrv J«Wmb`emómMo OZH$ S>m. Eg. Ama. a JZmWZ `m Mo 5 {gõm V Oo 1931 gmbr à{gõ Pmbo Ë`m Mr AmR>dU `ovo. ho nmm {gõm V ZwgVo J«Wmb`mbm Cn`wŠV ZmhrV Va Vo {gõm V dmmh$m Zm H $ÐñWmZr R>odyZ J«Wmb`mMo YmoaU R>adÊ`mgmR>r AË` V Cn`wŠV AmhoV. S>rOrQ>b gm{hë`mmr {Z uvr d S>rOrQ>b V ÌkmZmMm dmna `m wio J«Wmb`mMr ^y{ H$m {dñvmabr AgyZ J«Wmb`mg moa ~hÿn by AmìhmZo C^r amhrbr AmhoV d Vr AZoH$ nq>rzo dmt>br AmhoV. nu `mm~amo~a J«Wnmbm Zm hr ^rvr Amho H$s J«WnmbZ ì`dgm` hm Oa dmmh$m À`m JaOmZwgma d kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 18 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 19

~XbË`m> dmvmdaumzwgma Oa godm nwadv Zgob Va AS>MUrMm {gõ hmob b. Ë`mVrb H$mhr AmìhmZo d Ë`m Mo YmoaU Imbrbà muo gm JVm `ob b. 1. S>rOrQ>b V ÌkmZmMm à^mdr dmna H$ê$Z {eju d g emoyzmgmr>rà`m dmmh$m À`m mjê`m e j{uh$ g ñwm, {ejh$, {dúmwu, g emoyh$ d BVam gmr>r gm wxm{`h$ ñv amda VgoM d `pšvh$ ñvamda XV H$aUo. 2. S>rOrQ>b m{hvr ómovmmo Ogo H$s S>rOrQ>b g J«h, g ñwmh$ arnm PrQ>ar, e j{uh$ gm{hë`m À`m arnm PrQ>arO, Am ZbmB Z OZ ëg² VgoM B Va do~ AmYmarV g gmyzo `m À`r à^mdr, narnyu d Cn^moŠVm AZwê$n dmnamgmr>r XV. 3. AmonZ A Šgog gmyzm Mm dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r àmoëgmhz XoUo Vo AmoiIUo, g ~ YrV narnyu gmyzo { iduo Am{U hr { idbobo g gmyzo EH$m m{hvrà`m JoQ>do YyZ gwb^nuo emoyê`m>gmr>r / dmnamgmr>r CnbãY H$ê$U XoUo. 4. m{hvr à{vàmármr ì`már d dmt> H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$M Ûma dojdoji`m ñvamdarb dm ~hþam`m r m{hvrómov dmmh$m À`m JaOm bjmv KodyZ V`ma H$aUo, `m Ñï>rZo AmUIr ^ard g emoyz hmouo d narju H$ê$Z Aem àh$mamr AmìhmZo ñdrh$maê`mgmr>r dojdojio emoy mj V`ma H$aUo. 5. mo~mb b V ÌkmZmMm CX`, Ë`mMr à{gõr d Ë`mMo narum `m wio e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mbm EH$ Z{dZ Ûma CKS>bo Amho. `m joìmvrb ì`mármr `m Xm d Ë`mMm à^mdr dmna `m wio Ë`mbm dmmh$m À`m g wxm`mbm $m`xm Pmbm Amho. 6. Am ZbmB Z {eju àumbrmm CX` hohr EH$ hîdmmo Amìhm`ZmË H$ àíz e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mg moa Amho. `mm~amo~a Ë`mMm gm Zm H$aÊ`mUgmR>r J«Wmb`m Zm V`ma ìhmdo bmjob d Ë`mMà muo {dúmï`mªà`m mjê`m nyu H$amì`m bmjvrb. 7. e j{uh$ J«Wnmbm Zm m{hvr gmjavm H $eë` / gymzm Mm Adb ~ H$amdm bmjob. m{hvr gmjavm / gymzm QóqZJ / à{eju qh$dm {eh$durà`m ñdê$n ì`švre: qh$dm g yhmà`m ê$nmzo XoÊ`mMr JaO Amho. Aem àh$maà`m H$m` H«$ mmr JaO S>rOrQ>b g gmyzmà`m / do~ g gmyzmà`m à^mdr dmnamgmr>r VgoM dj Ur ^aboë`mm / mo $V CnbãY AgUmè`m g gmyzmà`m dmnamgmr>r AMwH$ Amho. Aem àh$mamm H$m` H«$ A{Ve` à^mdr nuo gm JVmo H$s OoWo J«Wmb` e j{uh$ H$m` H«$ mà`m H $ÐñWmZr AgVo hr ~m~ S>m. amymh $îuz `m Zr 67 dfm nydu gm JrVbobr Amho. 8. `mo½` doir ìhammy Ab ao $a Ýg gpìh g XoÊ`mMm `mo½` Vmo mj Adb ~Zo. mo~mb b, B Q>aZoQ> VgoM S>rOrQ>b V ÌkmZmMm dmna hm `mgmr>r AJXr à^mdr XV H$aob. `m~amo~am dmmh$m Mo J«Wmb`mH$S>o bj doyyz Ë`m À`m` m{hvrà`m JaOm ^mjdê`mgmr>r XV H$aob. 9. AmonZ gmog gm âq>doaamm OmñVrV OmñV à^mdrnuo dmna H$aUo. hr AmonZ gmog gm âq>doaa AmOÀ`m H$mimV hîdmmr ^y{ H$m ~OmdV AmhoV d ^{dî`mgmr>r EH$ hîdnyu ^y{ H$m {Z^mdVrb Ago dmq>vo. e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Ü`o Aem àh$maà`m AmonZ gmog gm $Q>doAaMr Ë`m À`m dmmh$m À`m g wxm`mgmr>r m{hvr AgUmar (BÝQ>m Wmb boez, H$m`, dmna d $m`xo) ì`švr AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. 10. gmoeb { S>r`m Omo Amnë`md X Z {XZ gm m{oh$ OrdZmda A{Ve` à^md Q>mH$Vmo Ë`mbm Z boiyz MmbUma Zmhr. ^{dî`mvrb e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Zm dojdojio mj emoyyz H$mTy>Z J«Wmb`rZ godm Mm ^anya mor>`m à mumv Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r à`ëz H$amdo bmjuma AmhoV. 11. J«Wmb` Am{U m{hvremó ì`dgm`mmr EImÚm Xygè`m {df`mv g mdyz KoÊ`mMr ì`már amï >r`kmz Am`moJmZogwÕm gm {JVbobr Amho. ho EH$ àh$mamo AmìhmZM J«Wnmbm g moa Amho. {deofv: e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m er g ~ YrV Oo J«Wnmb AmhoV Ë`m À`m dmmh$m À`m$ JaOm nwaduo d Ë`m Mo g mymz H$aUo ho EH$ M b OtJ H$m Ë`m À`m g moa AgVo. ^mavmvrb gd M J«Wmb`emómMm Aä`mgH«$ {eh$dumè`m e j{uh$ g ñwm Zm Ë`m Mo Aä`mH$gH«$ Z{dZ CÚmoÝ wji V ÌkmZmer g ~ YrV V`ma H$aUo d {dh$grv H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. `m~amo~am e j{uh$ J«Wmb`mVrb J«Wnmbm Zm {Za Va {ejumûmao Ë`m À`mV kmzmv dmt>h$aê`mgmr>r H $eë` Ñï>rH$moZ, H$m` d kmz `m À`mV dmt> H$amdr bmjob. gmam e amï >r` kmz Am`moJmZo J«Wmb`m~m~VMr ^y{ H$m d hîd ñnï>nuo Z yx Ho$bo Amho. Ogo ^mavmv kmzmymarv g mommr {Z uvr hmoê`mgmr>r kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 20 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 21

e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m Zm Ë`m À`m Ü`o dmmh$m À`m JaOoZwgma `mo½` Vo ~Xb H$amdo bmjvrb. àh$mezm Mm Z{dZ àh$ma, S>rOrQ>b V ÌkmZmMm dmt>vm dmna, {ejummm ~XbVm n Q>Z Am{U m{hvr V ÌkmZmMr m{hvr emoyê`mmr ^y{ H$m BË`mXr hîdm Mo KQ>H$ e j{uh$ J«Wmb`m g moa AmhoV. åhuyz J«Wnmbm Zm ho AmìhmZ ñdrh$mamdo bmjob d Ë`mÑï>rZo EH$ o$ dh $ V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mgd AmìhmUm Zm Vm S> XoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ YmoaU R>adyZ Ë`mAmYmao dmmh$m À`m mjê`m nyu H$amì`m bmjvrb. `owo AmnUmg Ama Q>oZoQ> (1998) `m Mo {dmma nhmvm `ovrb "ho OJ gvv ~XbV amhrb `mmr ImÌr Amho. åhuyz 21 ì`m evh$mv J«Wnmb d J«Wmb`m Zm ~Xbm da àh$me Q>mHy$Z $ŠV J«Wnmb Omo H$m` ñdrh$maob EodT>oM H$m` H$aUo nyaogo ZgyZ ~XbmgmR>r V`ma hmouo d Ë`mà muo `mo½` Ë`m Jmoï>rMm dmna H$ê$Z Ë`mbm AmH$ma XoUo AË` V JaOoMo Amho. 7. National Knowledge Commission Report. (2009). Available at http://knowledgecommissionarchive.nic.in (Accessed on 11th November 2016) 8. Pandey, Rajesh Kumar (2017), Academic Libraries in India : Challenges and Opportunities, University News, Vol 54 (52), December 26, 2016-January 01, 2017. {Q>n : àñvwv boi 'Academic Libraries in India : Challenges & Opportunities `m boimmo _amr>r ^mfm Va Amho. gxa boi University News, 54(52) December 26, 2016 - January 01, 2017 `m A H$mV àh$m{ev Pmbobm Amho. g X^ gm{hë` 1. Bhatt, R. K. (2009), Academic Libraries in India : A Historical Study. Available at crl.du.ac.in/ical2009/papers (Retrieved on 10th November 2016) 2. Brophy, Peter (2001), The Library in the Twenty-First Century : New Services for the Information Age. London : Library Association Publishing 3. Datta, N. (1990). Academic Status for University and College Librarians in India. Delhi : Indian Bibliographies Bureau. 4. Fifth All India Survey on Higher Education Report (2014-2015). Available at http://aishe.nic.in/aishe (Retrieved on 16th December 2016) 5. Guru, B. P. M. C., Gopalaswamy, M., Arun, J. and Padmamma, S. (2009). Academic Library Management in India : Challenges and Opportunities. -vailable at : crl.du.ac.in/ ical2009/papers (Retrieved on 10th November 2016) 6. Information and Library Network Centre, http:// www.inflibnet.ac.in (Accessed on 16th Dec 2016) kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 22 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 23

H$moï>H$ 1 : à mu qh$dm gm mý` Cn{d^mJ {demb X. ~mnvo ghmæ`h$ J«Wnmb kmz ómov H $Ð, g V JmS>Jo~m~m A_amdVr {dúmnrr>, A_amdVr vishal_bapte@rediffmail.com à mu Cn{d^mJ ho {d{dy kmzemim À`m {df`m er g~ YrV J«Wm Mo ñdén (physical forms) d J«WmV d{u bo OmUmao Ñï>rH$moZ (approaches) `mg ~YrMo à{v{zyrîd H$aVmV. J«WmÀ`m ñdénm Yo eãxh$moe, {dídh$moe d {Z`VH$m{bHo$ `m Mr CXmhaUo XoVm `ovrb. Va Ñï>rH$moZm Yo "ì`dñwmnz', "g emoyz' qh$dm "B{Vhmg' `m Mr CXmhaUo XoVm `ovrb. à mu Cn{d^mJ ho ñdv ÌnUo dmnabo OmV ZmhrV. gmaurv g m{dï> 000-999 n` V qh$dm H$moï>H$mVrb H$moR>ë`mhr H«$ m H$mgmo~V `m Mm dmna Ho$ë`m OmVmo. AWm V Vem ñdénmmo {Xem{X½Xe Z gmaur Yo Ho$bobo Agmdo. CXmhaUmXmIb à mu Cn{d^mJmMm Cn`moJ H$éZ H$mT>boë`m H$mhr djm H$m Mm Imbrbà muo H$mhr CXmhaUo XoVm `ovrb. 150.5 - Philosophy and theory of psychology 150.5 - mzgemómmo VÎdkmZ Am{U {gõm V 230.003 - Dictionary of Christianity 230.003 - p¼ñvr Y m Mm eãxh$moe 340.02573 - Directory of Lawyers in the U.S. 340.02573 - g `wš` g ñwmzmvrb dh$sbm Mr mj X{e H$m 405 - Periodical on language 405 - ^mfomo {Z`VH$mbrH$ 624.0285 - Computer applications in civil engineering 624.0285 - wbh$s A{^`m {ÌH$s `m emiovrb g JUH$ Cn`moOZ J«Wmb`m Ü`o gü`m w{ðv J«Wm gmo~v BVa gm{hë`mmmxoirb g mdoe hmovmo. àboi H$moUVmhr Agbm Var Ë`mVrb kmzmmo Cn^moŠË`mÀ`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ Cn`mo{JVm dmt>dê`mgmr>r djuh$au ho AmoKmZo AmboM. H ${Ì djmªh$ ho `eñdr hmov Ambo ho J«Wnmb OmUVmVM. J«Wmb`rZ djuh$au àboim Yo hmvmië`m OmUmè`m {df`mer g~ YrV AgVo. Ë`mVrb {df`mmo à{v{z{yîd H ${Ì A H$mÛmao djuh$aumà`m mü` mvyz H$aÊ`mV `ovo. ho à{v{z{yîd H$arV AgVmZm Ë`m àboimà`m BVa d {eï>çm Mm {dmma hmouo Ano{jV AgVo. Á`m wio àboimv Z $s Hw$R>bm {df` hmvmibm Jobm `mg ~ih$q>r { ivo. J«Wmb`rZ djuh$au ho Imbrb g rh$aum À`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ A{YH$ ñnï> hmob b. J«Wmb` djuh$au = {df` + boih$mmm Ñï>rH$moZ + ^m {VH$ gmxarh$aummm àh$ma qh$dm àboimmm àh$ma darb gd n by djm Zwê$n ì`šv hmovrbm Ago Zmhr. H$mhr n bw Zm àmymý` {Xbo OmVo. WmoS>Š`mV H$mhr n bw Mm g mdoe H$aVm `ob b. Va H$mhr n bw H$S>o Xwb j H$amdo bmjob. à mu Cn{d^mJ ho {df`mmo AàmW{ H$ d {df`{dahrv d {eï>çm Mo à{v{zyrîd H$aVmV. Ûem e djuh$au nõvr, Amd Îmr 2 (1985) Ü`o àw hm Cn{d^mJ AmT>iyZ Ambm. `m Amd ÎmrnmgyZ ho Xem e djuh$au nõvrmo gmvë`nyu d {eï>ç am{hbobo Amho. Ago Agbo Var Ë`mVrb {d{dyvm Am{U hîd H$mimZwgma dmt>v Ambobo Amho. Ë`mdoiog Ë`m Zm "form division' Ago åhq>bo Om`Mo. H$mbm KmV hm eãxà`moj AZw{MV R>abm. gm àvh$mir ét> "à mu qh$dm gm mý` Cn{d^mJ' ho Zmd gvamdr Amd Îmr (1965) nmgyz AmOVmJV ApñVËdmV Amho. àdj : "à mu/gm mý` Cn{d^mJ'. I S> 1 Ü`o n ð> H«$. 179 Vo 209 `mxaå`mz {dñvmamzo {Xbobm Amho. hm Imbrb Xhm ^mjmv {d^mjbobm Amho. kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 24 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 25

1- VËdkmZ Am{U {gõm V (Philosophy and theory) 2- {d{dy (Miscellany) 3- eãxh$mof, kmzh$moe (Dictionaries, encyclopedia, concordances) 4- {deof {df` (Special topics) 5- {Z`VH$mbrHo$ (Serial publication) 6- g KQ>Z Am{U ì`dñwmnz (Organization and management) 7 - {eju, g emoyz Am{U g ~{YV {df` (Education, research and related topics) 8- OZ gw h (Group of people) 9- B{Vhmg, ^m JmobrH$ à{h«$`m, OrdZMarÌ (History, geographic treatment, biography) {d^mjur : à mu Cn{d^mJmMr ì`már Am{U {d{dyvm g OwZ KoÊ`mgmR>r H$moï>H$ 1 Mo gimob AdbmoH$Z H$aUo Amdûm`H$ Amho. 01, 02 Mm H$mhr ^mj, 07 Am{U 09 ho àboimmm Ñï>rH$moZ à{vnmxrv H$aVmV. (viewpoints) 02 Mm H$mhr ^mj, 03, 05 Am{U 06 ho {df` hmvmiurmo ^m {VH$ àh$ma (physical/bibliographic) àh$ma XmIdVmV. 04, 08 Am{U 09 H$mhr A emzo, ZdrZ n by XmIdÊ`mH$arVm n by {ZX}eH$ åhuyz H$m H$aVmV. à mu Cn{d^mJmMr d {eï>o (Characteristic of Standard Subdivision) : 1. à mu/gm mý` Cn{d^mJ gm mý`v: {df`mmo gmvë`mzo CØdUmao àmw{ H$ JwU Am{U àboimer g~ {YV {df`{dahrv d {eï>o Xe {dvmv. CXm. "J{UVmMm B{Vhmg' (A History of Mathematics) `m {ef H$mV J{UV (Mathematics) ho àmw{ H$ VÎd AgyZ "B{Vhmg' (History) àmw{ H$ VÎd Amho Am{U Aem [avrzo "J{UVmMm B{Vhmg' hm {df` nyu Pmbm Amho. `md$bq> " hmamï >mvrb nma nmarh$ kmzmmm H$moe' (Encyclopedia of Traditional Knowledge) `m {ef H$mV "nma nmarh$ kmz' hm {df` Amho. "kmzmmm H$moe' `m eãxmmm {df`mda H$mhrhr n[aum hmov Zmhr. hm n[aum {df` à{vnmxz H$aÊ`mÀ`m ñdénmda hmovmo. Aem àh$mamr VybZm AdKS> dmq>ob; nu n by {díbofzmgmr>r d {ZpíMV Am{U {d{eï> djmªh$ XoÊ`mgmR>r ho Amdí`H$ Amho. 2. gm mý` à mu{d^mj ho Hw$R>ë`mhr djmªh$mbm bmjvmv. Vmo mor>m Agmo H$s bhmz. Omon` V Cn`moJmg ZmB (disallow) hmov Zmhr qh$dm Ë`m Mm A{VaoH$s (redundant) dmna hmov Zmhr. 540.28 `mr>rh$mur djmªh$ma VJ V "ghmæ`h$mar V ÌkmZ Am{U {H«$`m, gmyzgm w J«r, CnH$aUo' (auxiliary technique and procedure, apparatus, equipment material of chemistry) Mm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mg ZmB H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. djuh$auh$mambm 542 `owo V ÌkmZ, àh«$s`m, gmyz gm wj«r, CnH$aUo, nxmw (agm`zemómmo) `m djmªh$mh$s>o OmÊ`mMo {ZX}e {Xbo AmhoV. amgm`{zh$ gmyzgm wj«r (Chemical apparatus) H$arVm djmªh$ 542 AgyZ Ë`mg - 028 OmoS>Uo åhuoo A{VaoH$s Amho. H$maU 542 åhuoom "amgm`{zh$ gmyzgm wj«r' (Chemical apparatus) Agm AW hmovmo. 3. H$mhr AndmX djivm, à mu Cn{d^mJ Hw$R>ë`mhr Am nmmarh$ gwmzo{dzm gmaurvrb djm H$m Zm bmdvm `ovmo. hm dmna åhuoom wšvnuo H$aVm `ovmo. 4. à mu Cn{d^mJmVrb H«$ m H$ -01, -02 Aem ñdê$nmv {Xbobo AmhoV. `mmmm AW Agm H$s Ë`m Zm ñdv ÌnUo ApñVÎd Zmhr. gmaurvrb djmªh$mbm bmjyzm Ë`m Zm hîd àmá hmovo. 5. à mu Cn{d^mJVrb Hw$R>bmhr A H$ hm H$ rv H$ r XmoZ A H$s AgVmo. ømvbm n{hbm A H$ hm Zoh r "0' AgVmo. dmñv{dh$v: "0' ho øm {d^mjmmo hîdnyu d {eï>o AgyZ J«Wmb` djuh$aumà`m ^mfov `mbm "n by {ZX}eH$" (facet indicator) Ago åhuvmv. `m wiom àmw{ H$ {df` {edm` {df`mmm Xwgam n by bjmv `ovmo. CXm. 004.1109 hm hmg JUH$mMm B{Vhmg `mgmr>r Agboë`m djmªh$mmr amzm Imbrbà muo nhm. 004.11- wi H«$ m H$ ( hm g JUH$mgmR>r) Base number for supercomputer kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 26 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 27

0 -n bw {ZX}eH$ (facet indicator) 9 - C opiv n by (facet specified) `m djmªh$mv 004.11 `m w»` djmªh$mz Va "0' hm n bw {ZX}eH$ Amho. w»` {df`mbm OmoS>ë`m OmUmè`m Zì`m n by Mo `m wio A{^kmZ hmovo. "9' hm gm mý` à mu Cn{d^mJVrb Xwgam A H$ {df` n by H$moUË`m àh$mamm Amho, ho Xe dvmo. `m CXmhaUmV B{Vhmg (history) hm n by Amho, ho gho bjmv `ob b. 6. à mu Cn{d^mJ ho Xem e AnwUmªH$ ñdê$nmv AmhoV. BVa Xem e djuh$au nõvrvrb BVa {MÝhm H$mà muo Xe mz nõvrà muo Ë`mMm {dñvma H$aVm `ob b. 7. à mu Cn{d^mJ OmoS>ë`mZ Va Ë`m djmªh$mbm w»` gmaurvrb d BVa ghm H$moï>H$mVrb Hw$R>bmhr djmªh$ OmoS>Vm `ovmo; na Vw Vem àh$maà`m gwmzm Agmd`mg hì`m. VaM ho {dñvmau eš` Amho. gm mý`/ à mu Cn{d^mJmMm Cn`moJ (How to use Standard Subdivision) à mu Cn{d^mJmMm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mg~ YrMr {Z` mdbr VgoM àmymý`h«$ H$gm Úmdm `mg~ YrMr m{hvr Xem e djuh$aumà`m n{hë`m I S>mVrb àñvmdzov {d^mj 8.3Vo 8.12 A VJ V n. H«$. lix-lxii da {Xbobr Amho. AZoH$ hîdnyu gwmzm I S> H«$. 1 Ü`o àw nmz H«$. 5 Vo 17 `m Yo H$moï>H$ H«$. 1 Yrb g m{dï> gkm À`m m $V XoÊ`mV Amboë`m AmhoV. Hw$R>ë`mhr àboimmo djuh$au H$aVmZm gd àw w»` {df` à mu Cn{d^mJmVrb n bynmgyz dojim H$amdm bmjvmo. H$mhr doiog ho H$m H$R>rU hmovo; H$maU à mu Cn{d^mJmVrb H$mhr n by w»` {df` g koà muo ^mgvmv. VgoM "{dídh$moe' (encyclopedia), "eãxh$moe' (dictionary), "{Z`VH$mbrHo$' (serials), "gwmr' (bibliography) Am{U "djuh$au (classification) ømgmaio w»` {df` w»` gmaurv VgoM H$moï>H$ H«$. 1 Ü`o {XgVmV. AZw^dmVyZ hm Jw Vm gmos>{dvm `ovmo. `m{edm` Xwgar hîdmmr Jmoï> Hw$R>ë`mhr {df`mbm djmªh$ XoVmZm Xem e djuh$au nõvrv g m{dï> nõvrzwgma Úmdo. CXm. gmam emmm d gmaurmm Cn`moJ H$aUo, AZwdU H«$ mzwgma gmnoj {ZX}e emoyuo H$maU H$moï>H$mVrb {d{dy g km {ZX}emV XoÊ`mV Amboë`m AmhoV. `m wio H$moï>H$ 1 Mr ì`már g OÊ`mg XV hmovo. øm mü` mvyz à mu Cn{d^mJmVrb {MÝhm H$Z emoyvm `ovo. VgoM Ë`m Yrb g km XoIrb {ZX}emV A V^w V H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m AmhoV. `mz Va à mu Cn{d^mJmVrb djmªh$ gmaurvrb H«$ mh$m Zm OmoS>mdm. CXm. qhxw Y m Mm {dídh$moe (Encyclopedia of Hindu Religion). ømr>rh$mur w»` {df` "qhxw Y ' hm Amho Am{U Ë`mMm djmªh$ 294.5 Agm Amho. {dídh$moe à mu Cn{d^mJmVrb -03 Ûmao ì`šv H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho. 294.5 + 03 = 294.503 H$mhr CXmhaUo Imbrbà muo AmhoV. am m`ummm eãxh$moe (Dictionary of Ramayana) 294.592 2 + 03 = 294.592 203 A Ho$jUmVrb àvrho$ Am{U g {já ê$no (Symbols and abbreviations used in accounting) 657 + 0148 = 657.0148 O d^m {VH$ emómvrb gm p»`h$s` g emoyz nõvr (Statistical research methods in biophysics) 571.4 + 0727 = 571.407 4 27 n emmr wë`m Mr {dzmoxr hmvmiur (Humourous treatment of the value of money) 332.41 + 0207 = 332. 410 207 à mu Cn{d^mJ w»` djmªh$mbm qh$dm Cn{d^mJmg bmduo (Adding a standard subdivision to a main class or division): à mu Cn{d^mJ w»` djmªh$mbm qh$dm Cn{d^mJmg OmoS>Uo H$Yr H$Yr dmq>vo {VVHo$ gmono ZgVo. w»`v: ho {d^mj OmoS>Ê`mnwdu Ho$di {Z` mdbrmo nmbz H$aÊ`mgmR>r AmpñVÎdmV Agbobo eodq>br ewý`o Oa Hw$R>ë`mhr àh$mamo ñnï> {ZX}e ZgVrb Va JmibrM nm{hoov. CXm. VÎdkmZmMm kmzh$moe kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 28 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 29

(Encyclopedia of Philosophy). `m {ef H$mV w»` {df` hm "VÎdkmZ' (Philosophy) Amho. Ë`mMm djmªh$ 100 Agm Amho. kmzh$moe (Encyclopedia) hm àboimmm àh$ma {MÝhm H$Z 03 Ûmao Xe {dbm Amho. Aem[aVrZo hr OmoS>Ur Ho$ë`mg Imbrb djmªh$ `ob b. 100 + 03 = 100.03 hm djmªh$ MwH$sMm Amho. Imbrb g rh$au amyz Vmo XwañV H$aVm `ob b. 100-00 + 03 = 103 AmUIrZ H$mhr CXmhaUo Imbrbà muo XoVm `ob b. 1) {dkmzmmm kmzh$moe (An encyclopedia of science) 500-00 + 03 = 503 2) VÎdkmZmMo {Z`VH$mbrH$ (A journal of philosophy) 100-00 + 05 = 105 3) {dkmz joìmvrb Cƒ {eju (Higher Education in Science) 500-00 + 0711 = 507.11 ho gyì Imbrb Mma w»` djmªh$m Zm bmjy ns>v Zmhr. 000- hm djmªh$ w»` gmaurv {XbobmM Zmhr. 003 Vo 006 ho djmªh$ àumbr Am{U g JUH$ emóm Zm XoÊ`mV Ambobo AmhoV. 200- hm 201 Vo 209 hm VwbZmË H$ Y (comparative religion) Zo ì`má Amho. 300- H$maU 301 Vo 307 hm "sociology' Zo ì`má Amho. 700- H$maU 701 Vo 703 hm b{bv H$bm (fine arts) Am{U Ab H$marH$ H$bm (decorative arts) Zo ì`má Amho. gd gm mý` H$bm "Arts in general' Aer Ë`mMr ì`már Zmhr. à mu Cn{d^mJmMm dmna 200, 300, 700 H$arVm H$aVmZm EH$ A H$ (digit) dmt>vmo. CXm. (200.1-200.9, 300.1-300.9, 700.1-700.9) `m Cn{d^mJmÀ`m (division numbers) ~m~vrv VrZ A H$mn H$s $º$ EH$ 0 Jmibm OmVmo. 1) {ejuemómmm kmzh$moe (Encyclopedia of Education) 370-0 + 03 = 370.3 2) agm`zemómvrb à{v m Am{U g {já ê$no (Symbols and abbreviation in chemistry) 540-0 + 0148 = 540.148 3) agm`zemómvrb g rh$auo (Formula in Chemistry) 540-0 + 0212 = 540.212 4) IJmobemómVrb B{Vhmg (History of astrology) 520-0 + 09 = 520.9 5) {dgmì`m evh$mvrb J{UVmMm B{Vhmg (History of mathematics in the 20th century) 510-0 + 0904 = 510.904 5) IJmobemómVë`m Am Vamï >r` g KQ>Zm (International organizations in astronomy) 520-0 + 0601 = 520.601 EH$nojm A{YH$ ewý`m Mm Cn`moJ (Use of more than two zero) w»` djmªh$mbm qh$dm CndJm bm qh$dm Ë`mÀ`mhr CndJm bm à mu Cn{d^mJ bmdvmzm EH$ "0' qh$dm Ë`mnojm OmñV ewý`mmr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. djuh$auh$mamzo `mh$arvm hîdnyu gwmzm qh$dm gwì~ Y { ivmo H$m `mmm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mgmR>r w»` gmaurmm Cn`moJ Ho$bm nm{hoo. CXm. AW emómmm eãxh$moe (A dictionary of Economics) - 330.03 hm djmªh$ V`ma H$aVmZm 330.01-09 hm gwì~ Y djuh$auh$mambm gmhmæ`^yv R>aVmo. hm gwì~ Y I S> H«$. 2À`m n.h«$. 416 d 418 da {Xbobm Amho. ewý`mmo H$moS>o (Enigma of zeros) Cn{df`mMm qh$dm VrZ A H$m nojm OmñV A H$mMm djmªh$ V`ma H$aVmZm H$Yr H$Yr EH$mnojm OmñV ewý` dmnamdo bmjvmv. Aemdoiog Ë`m djmªh$mà`m kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 30 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 31

Imbr bmjyz `oumè`m gwmzm djuh$auh$mamzo nmimd`mà`m AgVmV. Imbrb H$mhr CXmhaUo XoVm `ovrb H$s Á`m Yo Zoh rnojm OmñV ewý`mmm dmna à mu Cn{d^mJm Ü`o Ho$bm Amho. 1) {Z`VH$mbrH$- gmd O{ZH$ {dîm (Journal of public finance) - 336.005 2) OmoS>o Am{U Mnbm Mm B{Vhmg (History of boots and shoes) - 685.31009 3) g {dymzmë H$ H$m`Xm - eãxh$moe - 342.003 4) kmzh$moe- {~«Q>re B{Vhmg (Encyclopedia of British history) - 941.003 H$mhr CXmhaUmV H$moï>H$ H«$. 2 d H$moïH$$ H«$. 5 YyZ KoVbobo djmªh$ XoIrb à mu Cn{d^mJmbm OmoS>bo AmhoV. "bm OmoS>m' gwmzoûmao gm mý` à mu{d^mj Mm {dñvma H$aUo (Extending standard subdivision by an add to instruction) H$mhr gm mý` à mu{d^mj "bm OmoS>m' (add to) `m gwmzoûmao {dñvmarv Ho$bo OmD$ eh$vmv. "bm OmoS>m' Mo H$moï>H$ H«$. 1 Ü`o Cn`moOZ H$am`Mr nõvr gmaurà muo Amho. g Om Amnë`mH$S>o "J«Wmb`rZ djuh$aummr d km{zh$ VÎdo' (the scientific principles of library classification) `m {ef H$mMo nwñvh$ Amho. `m {ef H$mVrb àmw{ H$ Am{U AË` V hîdmmm KQ>H$ qh$dm {df` åhuoo "J«Wmb`rZ djuh$au'- 025.42 Amho. Xwgam hîdmmm KQ>H$ åhuoo "d km{zh$ VÎdo' hm Amho. ho VÎd H$moï>H$ H«$. 1 Yo 015 Ü`o AmT>iVo. Ë`m wio nyu djmªh$ Imbrbà muo V`ma hmovmo. 025.42+015= 025.42015 J«Wmb` djuh$aumà`m gm p»`h$s VÎdm gmr>r H$moï>H$ H«$. 1 Yrb 015 da AmYmarV "bm OmoS>m "add to' hr gymzomm Cn`moJ AmnU H$arV AgVmo. AemàH$mao AmnU nyu djmªh$mda `ovmo. 025.42+015(T1)+195 = 025.420 151 95 AmUIr H$mhr CXmhaUo nwt>rbà muo XoVm `ovrb. 1) bm ~ CS>rVrb MbZemómMo {Z`moOZ (Dynamics applied to long jumping) 796.432 + 015(T1) + 3111 (531.11 YyZ) = 796.432 015 3111 2) n[aga {Z`moOZ Am{U a Ur` ^wàxoe aoimq>z `mh$arvm ^w{ VrH$ VÎdo (Geometrical principles of area planning and landscaping) 710-0 + 015 (T1) + 16 (516 Geometry YyZ) = 710.015 16 3) J«Wmb`mV eë`{demaxm H$[aVm dmmh$ g më H$ godm (Reader advisory services to physicians in libraries) 025.54 + 088 (T1) + 61 (610 os>r{gz YyZ) = 025. 540 886 1 4) A{^` Ë`m H$arVm J{UV (Mathematics for engineers) 510-0 + 024(T1) +62 (001-999 YyZ) = 510.246 2 gm mý` à mu{d^mjmmm H$moï>H$ H«$. 2 Ûmao {dñvma H$aUo (Extending a standard subdivision by area number from Table-2) 1) J«Wmb` d m{hvremó ì`dgm`mvrb gzx àmá g ñwm (Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CLIP, UK) 020+060 (T1: 0603-0609) + 41 (T2) = 020.6041 (020 Yrb eodq>mm 0 aô H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho) 2) B ½b S> Yrb {dúmnrr>mvrb amá`emómmo {eju (Universities teaching political science in England) 320 + 0711 (T1) + 42 (T2) = 320.071 142 3) VÎdkmZmMm ^mavmvrb B{Vhmg (History of Philosophy in India) 100 + 09 (T1) + 54(T2) = 109.54 "^mavr` VÎdkmMm B{Vhmg' `mnojm ho {ef H$ {^Þ Amho. kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 32 kmzj JmoÌr : OwZ-Owb -Am JñQ> 2017 : 33