EMH 211 Thermodynamics [Termodinamik]

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination Academic Session 2015/2016 December 2015 / January 2016 EMH 211 Thermodynamics [Termodinamik] Duration : 3 hours Masa : 3 jam Please check that this paper contains SIX printed pages and FIVE questions before you begin the examination. [sila pastikan bahawa kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM mukasurat dan LIMA soalan yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan.] INSTRUCTIONS : Answer ALL questions. [ARAHAN : Jawab SEMUA soalan.] Answer Questions In English OR Bahasa Malaysia. [Jawab soalan dalam Bahasa Inggeris ATAU Bahasa Malaysia.] Answer to each question must begin from a new page. [Jawapan bagi setiap soalan mestilah dimulakan pada mukasurat yang baru.] In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai.] NOTE : Thermodynamic Property Tables Booklet Is Provided. Buku Thermodynamic Property Tables dibekalkan. 2/-

-2- [EMH 211] Q1. [a] Explain the followings: Terangkan perkara berikut: What is a perpetual motion machine and why it is impossible? Apakah mesin pergerakan sentiasa dan kenapa ia adalah mustahil? [ii] Why efficiency of a cycle or a device cannot be 100%.? Kenapa kecekapan sebuah kitar atau alat tidak boleh mempunyai kecekapan 100%.? What is the difference between reversible and irreversible processes? Apakah perbezaan di antara proses boleh balik dan proses tidak boleh balik? [iv] What do you understand by the First Law of Thermodynamics? Apakah pada pendapat anda Hukum Pertama Termodinamik? [v] State the Second law of Thermodynamics according to Clausius. Nyatakan Hukum Kedua Termodinamik berdasarkan kepada Clausius. [vi] What is the importance of Exergy? Apakah kepentingan exergy? [vii] Why entropy of heat is higher than entropy of work? Kenapa entropi haba lebih tinggi daripada kerja? 3/-

-3- [EMH 211] An electric kettle consumes 250 volts and 4 amp electricity supply. Three liter of water is required to be boiled. Assume the temperature of water initially is 20 o C. Efficiency of the kettle is 85%. Calculate the time taken to boil the water. Cerek elektrik menggunakan 250 volt dan bekalan elektrik 4 amp. Tiga liter air diperlukan untuk dididih. Andaikan suhu air pada mulanya adalah 20 o C. Kecekapan cerek adalah 85%. Kira masa yang diambil untuk mendidih air. Q2. [a] Five kilogram steam at pressure of 8 bar and dryness fraction of 0.8 is heated at constant pressure in closed system until the temperature is 250 o C. Calculate the work done and heat supplied in the process. Sketch the process on a P-v diagram. Lima kilogram wap pada tekanan pada 8 bar dan pecahan kering adalah 0.8 dipanaskan pada tekanan malar di dalam sistem tertutup sehingga suhu 250 o C. Kirakan kerja yang dilakukan dan haba yang dibekalkan dalam proses. Lakarkan proses tersebut pada gambarajah P-v. A piston and cylinder system contains 2 kg of air at 10MPa and 350 o C. The gas is expanded in a polytropic process during which Pv 1.2 =Constant. The process ends when the pressure is 0.5MPa. Sistem omboh dan silinder mengandungi 2 kg udara pada tekanan 10MPa dan suhu 350 o C. Gas tersebut dikembang dalam proses politropik Pv 1.2 =malar. Proses tersebut berakhir apabila tekanan menjadi 0.5MPa. [ii] Sketch the process on a P-v diagram. Lakarkan proses tersebut pada rajah P-v. Calculate the work done. Kirakan kerja terlaku. Calculate the heat transfer. Kirakan permindahan haba. 4/-

-4- [EMH 211] Q3. [a] Steam at 8MPa and dryness fraction of 0.8 expands isothermally behind a piston to a pressure of 1MPa. Stim pada tekanan 8MPa dan pecahan kekeringan 0.8 mengembang di belakang omboh secara isoterma sehingga ke tekanan 1MPa. Sketch the process on T-s diagram. Lakarkan proses tersebut pada gambarajah T-s. [ii] Calculate the specific heat transfer during the process. Kirakan haba terpindah tentu semasa proses tersebut. Calculate the specific work done. Kirakan kerja terlaku tentu. Derive the entropy equation for ideal gas using the Gibb s equation. Terbitkan persamaan entropi bagi gas unggul menggunakan persamaaan Gibb. (20 marks/markah) [c] In a gas turbine, gas enters the turbine at temperature of 550 o C and 5bar of pressure and exit at pressure of 1 bar. This process is adiabatic but the change in entropy is 0.174 kj/kgk. Assumed that the gas is ideal gas and take value of as 1.333 and cp as 1.11 kj/kg K. Dalam sebuah turbin gas, gas memasuki turbin pada suhu 550 o C dan 5bar tekanan dan keluar pada tekanan 1bar. Proses ini ialah proses adiabatik tetapi perubahan entropi ialah 0.174 kj / kgk. Andaikan gas unggul dan ambil nilai sebagai 1.333 dan cp sebagai 1.11 kj / kg K. 5/-

-5- [EMH 211] [ii] Sketch the process on T-s diagram. Lakarkan proses pada rajah T-s. Calculate the temperature of the exit gas. Kira suhu gas keluar. Calculate the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. Kira kecekapan isentropi turbin. (30 marks/markah) Q4. In an Otto cycle, the specific heat supply is 800kJ/kg. Maximum temperature is 1400 o C and minimum temperature is 15 o C at 1bar pressure. Dalam suatu kitar Otto, haba tentu terbekal ialah 800kJ / kg. Suhu maksimum adalah 1400 o C dan suhu minimum adalah 15 o C pada tekanan 1 bar. [a] [c] [d] [e] [f] Sketch the cycle of a P-v diagram. Lakarkan kitar gambarajah P-v. Calculate the compression ratio. Kirakan nisbah mampatan. Calculate the temperature at the end of expansion process. Kirakan suhu pada akhir proses pengembangan. Calculate the cycle efficiency. Kirakan kecekapan kitar. Calculate the net specific work of the cycle. Kirakan kerja tertentu bersih kitaran. Calculate the mean effective pressure. Kirakan tekanan berkesan min. (100 marks/markah) 6/-

-6- [EMH 211] Q5. A steam power plant operates on a superheat Rankine cycle. The state of the steam entering the turbine is 4MPa and 350 o C. The pressure of the steam at turbine outlet is 50kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 85%. Assume that the pump work is negligible. Sebuah loji kuasa dikendalikan berdasarkan kitar Rankine dengan pemanas semula. Keadaan stim memasuki turbin adalah 4MPa dan 350 o C. Tekanan stim selepas turbin adalah 50kPa. Kecekapan isentropi turbin ialah 85%. Andaikan kerja pam boleh diabaikan. [a] Sketch the cycle of a T-s diagram. Lakarkan kitar tersebut pada gambarajah T-s. Calculate the specific work done by the turbine. Kirakan kerja tentu oleh turbin. [c] Calculate the total heat input in the boiler and the superheater. Kirakan jumlah haba tentu masuk ke dalam dandang dan pemanas lampau. [d] Calculate the efficiency of the cycle. Kirakan kecekapan kitar. (100 marks/markah) -ooooooo-